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Occupations Across the Lifespan > Gross Motor & Postural Development > Flashcards

Gross Motor & Postural Development Flashcards

1
Q

Prenatal development

A
  • Fetus has spontaneous movement at 3 months
  • Mother will feel fetus moving at 4 months
  • Fetus is viable at 6 months
  • Fetal position of flexion develops at 7-9 months
  • Compacted space of womb allows fetus to develop strength and posture as it moves against resistance
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2
Q

Postural development: stage 1 prone

A
  • Poor head control, rests head to one side
  • Retracted shoulders
  • Flexed knees and hips
  • Weight bears through chest, shoulders, and face
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3
Q

Postural development: stage 1 supine

A
  • Primarily flexion
  • Weight bearing shifted to lateral head, trunk, and thigh
  • Head is to one side
  • Hips and knees flexed but abducted because of gravity
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4
Q

Postural development: stage 1 sitting

A

Total flexion forward due to decreased extension strength

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5
Q

Postural development: stage 2 prone

A
  • Shoulders retracted
  • BUEs flexed and abducted
  • COG through chest and upper abdomen
  • Emerging ability to extend neck, but not sustained
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6
Q

Postural development: stage 2 supine

A
  • COG through head and upper trunk
  • Unable to turn to side
  • Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR): UE extends and head turns one way, opposite LE flexes and moves laterally
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7
Q

Postural development: stage 3 prone

A
  • Neutral pelvis
  • Emerging shoulder protraction
  • COG is abdomen, chest, thighs
  • Some forearm propping
  • Dissociation of head and trunk allow for lateral trunk flexion and weight shift
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8
Q

Postural development: stage 3 supine

A
  • Neutral pelvic tilt
  • Hip abduction due to gravity
  • ATNR inhibited: allows BUEs to move freely
  • Shoulder protraction allows arms to come to midline
  • Chin tucked, head in midline and can move freely w/o BLE involvement
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9
Q

Postural development: stage 3 sitting

A

Burst of extensor strength will thrust baby upward but may lead to falling backwards

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10
Q

Postural development: stage 4 prone

A
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Weight bearing through forearms (prone on elbows)
  • COG through pelvis, thighs, and lower abdomen
  • Neck extension due to increased extensor strength in trunk and neck
  • Unilateral kicking
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11
Q

Postural development: stage 4 supine

A
  • Symmetrical posture present due to symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR): arms and neck either flex or extend, legs do the opposite
  • BUEs flexed and adducted allows for sustained play in midline
  • Dissociation of limbs from trunk
  • Can flex legs unilaterally
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12
Q

Postural development: stage 4 sitting

A

Emerging ability to extend trunk and head, not using arms to prop yet

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13
Q

Postural development: stage 5 prone

A
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Shoulder protracted, elbows extended, hands propped on floor (prone on extended UEs)
  • Lumbar spine extension
  • COG: thighs, pelvis, low abdomen
  • Ability to pivot by weight-shifting on hands
  • Rolling from prone to supine freely
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14
Q

Postural development: stage 5 supine

A
  • Shoulders and UEs can freely move separate from trunk
  • Can use hands to bring feet to mouth
  • Crossing midline
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15
Q

Postural development: stage 5 sitting

A

Propped sitting with UEs due to increased strength through BUEs

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16
Q

Postural development: stage 6 prone

A
  • Weight bearing in quadruped

- Rocking back and forth in quadruped (crawling–not creeping)

17
Q

Postural development: stage 6 supine

A
  • Free movement of pelvic and shoulder girdles
  • Side lying position
  • Can roll from supine to prone
18
Q

Postural development: stage 6 sitting

A

Can sit independently without arm support due to increased trunk extensor strength

19
Q

Head control

A
  • Prone: lifts head (extends neck) to 45 degrees at 2 months; to 90 degrees at 4 months
  • Supine: head in midline at 2 months; lifts (flexes neck) at 6 months
20
Q

Rolling

A
  • Prone to supine: without rotation (log roll) at 4-6 months; with rotation (segmentally) at 6-9 months
  • Supine to prone: without rotation (log roll) at 5-7 months; with rotation (segmentally) at 6-9 months
21
Q

Sitting

A
  • Unsustained with arm support: 4-5 months
  • Sustained with arm support: 5-6 months
  • Unsustained without arm support: 6-7 months
  • Sustained without arm support: 7-9 months
22
Q

Mobility

A
  • Crawling: 7-9 months
  • Creeping: 9-11 months
  • Cruising: 9-13 months
  • Walking: 12-13 months
23
Q

Gross motor milestone

A
  • Throwing with one hand: 18 months
  • Squatting: 18-24 months
  • Standing on one leg: 18-24 months
  • Kicking (stationary ball: 18-24 months, moving ball: 3 yrs)
  • Running: 2 yrs
  • Jumping: 2 yrs
  • Climbing playground equipment: 3 yrs
  • Riding/propelling a big wheel or tricycle/bike: 3 yrs
  • Hopping on one foot: 4 yrs
  • Catching with two hands: 4 yrs
  • Skipping: 5 yrs
  • Walking while carrying down stairs: 5 yrs

Occupations Across the Lifespan (2 decks)

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