Gross Brain Flashcards
What separate the 4 sulcus and what separates each?
Central- Parietal from central
Lateral- F, P,T loves
Parietoccipital sulcus- P, O lobe
Cingulate Sulcus- Medially along the cingulate gyrus
What are the parts of the frontal lobe?
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
Precentral gyrus, superior, middle, and inferior frontral gryi.
Precentral gyrus- primary motor cortex
Premotor and supplementary motor areas occupy the remainder.
Broca Area in the inferior frontal gyrus
Prefrontal cortex- executive function, personality, decision making, insight, and foresight.
Parietal lobes
Parts and function
Parts
Postcentral gyrus, superior, inferior parietal lobules.
Postcentral gyrus- primary somatosensory cortex (proprioceptive information, tactile, sensory)
- Inferior parietal love (one hemisphere usually left) language comprehension.
- Remainder of parietal cortex spatial orientation and directing attention.
What is the homonculus
Density of motor + sensory neurons.
Temporal Lobe
Parts and Function
Superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri
- Superior portion of the Superior temporal gyrus-primary auditory cortex
- Posterior portion of the Superior temporal gyrusWernicke’s area is (usually left)
- Inferior surface- processing of visual information
- medial part is learning and memory
What 4 things are apart of the diencephalon?
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus (part of the pineal gland)
- Thalamus
- Sub-thalamus
Inferior surface of the hypothalamus, including the infundibular stalk
What are the parts of the Basal Nuclei ?
What is the internal capsule?
Caudate
Lenticular Nucleus
Internal capsule- white matter tract, contain most of the fibers interconnecting the cerebral cortex and deep structures (thalamus, basal nuclei, and brainstem)
What are the caudate and lenticular nucleus of the basal nucleus further divided into?
Putamen and globus pallidus
What is anterior commissure?
Commissural fibers to and from the temporal lobe
What are projection tracts?
Connect cortical areas within other body regions
What are longitudinal/ association fasciculi?
connect the cortical areas within the same hemisphere
What are the parts of the occipital lobe?
Lateral occipital gyri
Cuneus
Calcarine sulcus- primary visual cortex
Remainder of the lobe is the visual association cortex (higher order processing)
What are the 3 limbic structure composed of? What do those do?
Cingulate
Parahippocampal gyri
Uncus- amygdala underneath the temporal lobe
Hippocampus- folded into the temporal lobe
What are the 3 the important roles in the limbic lobe?
The limbic love is important in emotional responses, drive related behavior, memory
What is the insula? What is it significant for?
Area of cerebral cortex.
Concealed by the FPT
*Important for taste
What are the 5 limbs in the white matter of the Internal Capsule?
Anterior limb Genu Posterior Limb Sublenticular Limb Retrolenticular Limb
A goat picked some roses
What are the parts of the brainstem going from superior to inferior?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
What is the 2 function of the cerebellum?
- Sensory information processing
2. Influences motor neurons
What can happen if the cerebellum is damaged?
- Abnormalities of equilibrium
- postural control
- coordination of voluntary movement
How do the anterior lateral sulcus and posterolateral sulcus enter the SC?
Posterior through the posterolateral sulcus
Anterior through the anterolateral sulcus
What are the 3 parts of the spinal cord posterior horn? What are their functions?
Substantia gelatinosa- region of gray matter that caps the posterior horn
Body- transmit somatic and visceral sensory information
Lissauer’s tract-
White matter located between substantia gelatinosa and surface of SC
What is clark’s nucleus in the spinal cord (posterior thoracic nucleus)? What does it do?
Cells located on the medial surface the base of the posterior horn ( T1 to L2)
Role in sensory processing
Cerebellar feedback
What is the anterior horn in the spinal cord?
Cell bodies of lower MNs supplying skeletal muscle
Control body movement (voluntary or involuntary)
What is the intermediate grey matter of the spinal cord? What two parts does it contain?
Collection of various projection neurons
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons (T1-L3) form the lateral horn
Sacral parasympathetic nucelus (S2-S4), but no distinct lateral horn
What do primary and motor neurons do? Where do they terminate?
Convey info to and from the CNS
Terminate in the CNS on the second order neurons
What do second-order neurons do?
Can it cross the midline of the body?
Relay a signal from primary afferent (in the periphery) to a target in the CNS
*Yes it can cross the midline
What is a third order neuron?
What descides on a given output?
Relay the message to a final target in a specific cortical area
Cortex decides on given output
The posterior columns, spinocerebellar tract, and anterolateral system? what do they do and what kind of tract are they?
Ascending tracts
Posterior columns- convey ipsilateral proprioceptive, tactile, and vibratory information from the body (NOT FACE)
PVT
Spinocerebellar tract- information relay to cerebellum, thalamus and motor cortex to influence efficiency of motor activity .
CMT
Anterolateral system- relay pain, temp, and nondiscrimitve touch from body ( not face)
PTT
Corticospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, and rubrospinal fibers are what kind and do what?
Corticospinal tract- control voluntary, fine movement of the masculature
vestibulospinal tract- influence motor neurons innervating primarily axial and neck musculature
rubrospinal fibers-
excite flexor motor neurons and inhibit extensor motor neurons
