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BOARDS REVIEW > Gross Anatomy- THORAX > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy- THORAX Flashcards

1
Q

Rib heads articulate with corresponding vertebrae and the one above EXCEPT

A

1,10,11,12 (all that contain “1” correspond with ONE vertebrae)

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2
Q

ribs 1-10 tubercles articulate with the same level ___ process

A

transverse

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3
Q

ribs 11,12 DO NOT articulate with

A

transverse processes

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4
Q

atypical ribs

A

1,2,11,12 [if it contains a “1” or a “2” its atypical (weird people come in 1st or 2nd) ]

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5
Q

typical ribs

A

3,4,5,6,7,8,9

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6
Q

true ribs

A

1-7 (articulate with the sternum directly)

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7
Q

false ribs

A

8-12

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8
Q

floating ribs

A

11,12 (no cartilage)

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9
Q

Suprasternal notch landmarks

A

TV 2,3

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10
Q

sternal angle landmark

manubriosternal jt, angle of Louis)

A

lower border of T4 (t4/5 disc)

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11
Q

xiphisternal joint landmark

A

TV 9

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12
Q

diploid process

A

TV 10,11

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13
Q

the thoracic cage is formed by

A

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilage, and sternum

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14
Q

Openings in the diaphragm

A

I 8, 10 Eggs, At 12

T8- IVC, R. Phrenic Nerve, Lymph
E10- Esophagus, Vagus nerve, Esophageal branch of left gastric vessels
Aortic T12- Aorta, Thoracic Duct, Azygos Vein

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15
Q

Right Dome of Diaphragm level

A

Upper border of RIB 5

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16
Q

Left Dome of diaphragm

A

lower border of Rib 5

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17
Q

T/F the from of the diaphragm is lower than the back of the diaphragm

A

False, the back is lower

drop your backside low

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18
Q

blood supply of the diaphragm

A

Musculophrenic
Sup and Inf Phrenic
Pericardiophrenic
Post Intercostal

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19
Q

motor enervation of the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

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20
Q

sensory innervation of the diaphragm

A 
phrenic (central portion) and 
Intercostal nerves (T5-12)- Peripheral portion
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21
Q

what dermatome is the nipple

A

T4

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22
Q

what dermatome is the umbilicus

A

T10

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23
Q

Dorsal Rami provides sensory to

A

back and posterior neck

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24
Q

ventral rami provides sensory to

A

the rest, not including the back and posterior neck.

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25
Q

what’s a dermatome

A

sensory innervation of an area or skin supplied by a spinal nerve (dorsal root) via dorsal and ventral primary rami

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26
Q

What is inspiration (anatomically)

A 
CONTRACT the diaphragm (C3-C5)
Ribs ELEVATE (transverse and AP)
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27
Q

Bucket handle

A

Transverse axis rib elevation

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28
Q

pump handle

A

A-P axis Rib elevation

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29
Q

Expiration is (anatomically)

A

the relaxation of contracted muscles

passive, while inhalation is active

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30
Q

Superior Mediastinum

A 
begins at thoracic inlet 
Arch of Aorta (brachycephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian) 
brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava
thymus in children
esophagus 
trachea 
thoracic duct 
nerves: vagus, phrenic, L.recurrent laryngeal
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31
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

between sternum and pericardium
Fatty tissue
thymus in infants is MOST anterior
lymph nodes

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32
Q

middle mediastinum

A 
between pleural cavities 
heart 
roots of great vessels 
main bronchi 
pericardium 
phrenics
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33
Q

posterior mediastinum

A 
between pericardium and vertebral bodies 
esophagus
thoracic aorta 
azygos system 
thoracic duct 
vagus nerves 
splanchnic nerves
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34
Q

what is the most anterior in the superior mediastinum

A

thymus (fat) children

35
Q

what is the second most anterior in the superior mediastinum

A

the LEFT brachiocephalic VEIN

36
Q

sternal angle

A 
costal cartilage of rib 2
lower border of T4 (T4/5)
trachea bifurcation 
pulmonary trunk bifurcates 
beginning and and of the aortic arch
cardiac plexuses 
ligamentum arteriosum
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
37
Q

subcostal nerve, not intercostal nerve, does not run in intercostal space

A

T12

38
Q

ventral (anterior) primary rami intercostal nerves

A

T1-11

39
Q

what s the order of the neurovasculature in the intercostals

A

VAN - Vein artery nerve
closest to rib-vein
furthest from rib-nerve

40
Q

what are the layer of the intercostal nerves and vessels between

A

between internal and innermost intercostal muscles and travel in the costal groove on the inf. surface of the rib.

41
Q

the intercostal nerves have both cutaneous and muscular branches T/F

A

True

42
Q

intercostal arteries

A

anterior and posterior intercostals

43
Q

anterior intercostals

A 
internal thoracic artery (space 1-6)
musculophrenic artery (space 7-9)
44
Q

posterior intercostal 1(2)

A

highest (superior/ supreme) intercostal artery which is a branch of the costocerevical trunk

45
Q

posterior intercostal 2(3)-11

A

posterior intercostal arteries branch from thoracic aorta)

46
Q

subcostal artery (12) branches from

A

thoracic aorta

47
Q

layers of penetration from (mid axillary line)

A 
Skin 
Superficial Fascia 
Deep Fascia 
Serratus Anterior 
Esternal 
Internal 
Innermost intercostal 
Endothoracic Fascia 
Parietal pleura 
pleural cavity visceral pleural 
lungs
48
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

covers organ
blood supply- bronchial artery (aorta)
innervated by Vagus (sketch and respiratory reflex)
insensitive to pain

49
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines cavity wall(costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic)
blood- intercostal and internal thoracic arteries
nerve- intercostal, subcostal, and phrenic
SENSTIVE TO PAIN

50
Q

which pleura does not feel pain

A

visceral pleura

51
Q

cupola

A

parietal pleura over the lung apex

52
Q

pleural cavity

A

potential space between parietal and visceral pleura, contains a film of fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces and facilitates movement

53
Q

end-thoracic fascia

A

loose connective tissue that separates parietal pleura from thoracic wall
supra pleural membrane (Gibson’s fasciae) extension of end-thoracic fascia that covers lung apex.

54
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess (space)

A

formed by the reflection of the costal and diaphragmatic pleura, can accumulate fluid
allows lung expansion

55
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

9th intercostal space, midaxillary line.

56
Q

internal thoracic artery arises from

A

1st part of subclavian artery

57
Q

internal thoracic artery supplies

A

pleura, pericardium, diaphragm, anterior thoracic wall and muscles, abdominal wall muscles

58
Q

branches of internal thoracic artery

A

pericardiophrenic
anterior intercostal arteries (upper 6 intercostal spaces, 2 in each space)
musculophrenic: sends arteries to intercostal spaces 7-9, ends
superior epigastric: anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery

59
Q

which artery forms an anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery

A

superior epigastric artery.

60
Q

what attaches the lungs to the heart and trachea

A

the root and pulmonary ligament

61
Q

arteries of the lung

A

bronchial and pulmonary

62
Q

what supplies non respiratory tissue with blood

A

bronchial arteries

63
Q

what supplies blood for gas exchange

A

pulmonary arteries

64
Q

veins of the lung

A

bronchial and pulmonary

bronchial is minor

65
Q

neural innervation of the lungs

A 
vagus nerve (pulmonary plexus)
and sympathetic (T2-5)
66
Q

left lung

A

2 lobes (upper lower)
oblique issue
lingual
prominent cardiac notch and impression

67
Q

right lung

A

3 lobes
oblique and horizontal issues
shorter and wider than the left

68
Q

15-20 C shaped cartilages make up the

A

trachea

69
Q

the trachea extends from

A

CV 6 to TV 4

70
Q

carina

A

last tracheal cartilage, separates primary bronchi openings

71
Q

Right Bronchus

A

Wider, Shorter, more vertical
3 secondary bronchi, one each lobe (lobar bronchi)
Eparterial bronchus (superior lobar bronchus)
inferior and middle lobar bronchi
10 bronchopulmonary segments
azygos vein arches over

72
Q

Left bronchi

A

narrower, longer, more horizontal
2 secondary bronchi (superior and inferior lobar bronchi)
-8(9) bronchopulmanary segments
runs anterior to thoracic aurora and inferior to aortic arch

73
Q

bronchopulmanary segment

A

subdivision of lung
tertiary bronchus
segmental artery and vein
can be removed without disrupting neighboring tissue

74
Q

lung root contains

A

bronchus
pulmonary artery (less oxygenates blood going from heart to lungs)
pulmonary veins (more oxygenated blood going from lungs to heart)
bronchial arteries and veins
lymphatics and nodes (bronchopulmanary)
nerves

75
Q

hilum of the lung

A

area of the lung where the root of the lungs enters and exits, also where the parietal and visceral pleura meet

76
Q

left lung root and hilum

A

bronchi are posterior
arteries are superior
veins are inferior (and anterior)

77
Q

right lung roots and hilum

A

bronchi are posterior
eparterial bronchus (right superior lobar bronchus) is superior
arteries are anterior
veins are inferior and anterior

78
Q

midclavicular

A

lung Rib 6

Pleura Rib 8

79
Q

midaxillary

A

lung rib 8

pleura rib 10

80
Q

posteriorly

A

lung rib 10

pleura rib 12

81
Q

oblique fissure is at what level

A

begins at 2.5” from the apex of the lung, about the level of T4
ends at rib 6 costal cartilage

82
Q

horizontal issues level

A

only on the right side

level of rib 4 and its costal cartilage

83
Q

apex of the lung projects…

A

2.5cm above clavicle

lung and pleura (cupula) in this region are susceptible to injury

BOARDS REVIEW (2 decks)

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