Gross Anatomy- THORAX Flashcards
1
Q
Rib heads articulate with corresponding vertebrae and the one above EXCEPT
A
1,10,11,12 (all that contain “1” correspond with ONE vertebrae)
2
Q
ribs 1-10 tubercles articulate with the same level ___ process
A
transverse
3
Q
ribs 11,12 DO NOT articulate with
A
transverse processes
4
Q
atypical ribs
A
1,2,11,12 [if it contains a “1” or a “2” its atypical (weird people come in 1st or 2nd) ]
5
Q
typical ribs
A
3,4,5,6,7,8,9
6
Q
true ribs
A
1-7 (articulate with the sternum directly)
7
Q
false ribs
A
8-12
8
Q
floating ribs
A
11,12 (no cartilage)
9
Q
Suprasternal notch landmarks
A
TV 2,3
10
Q
sternal angle landmark
manubriosternal jt, angle of Louis)
A
lower border of T4 (t4/5 disc)
11
Q
xiphisternal joint landmark
A
TV 9
12
Q
diploid process
A
TV 10,11
13
Q
the thoracic cage is formed by
A
thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilage, and sternum
14
Q
Openings in the diaphragm
A
I 8, 10 Eggs, At 12
T8- IVC, R. Phrenic Nerve, Lymph
E10- Esophagus, Vagus nerve, Esophageal branch of left gastric vessels
Aortic T12- Aorta, Thoracic Duct, Azygos Vein
15
Q
Right Dome of Diaphragm level
A
Upper border of RIB 5
16
Q
Left Dome of diaphragm
A
lower border of Rib 5
17
Q
T/F the from of the diaphragm is lower than the back of the diaphragm
A
False, the back is lower
drop your backside low
18
Q
blood supply of the diaphragm
A
Musculophrenic
Sup and Inf Phrenic
Pericardiophrenic
Post Intercostal
19
Q
motor enervation of the diaphragm
A
phrenic nerve
20
Q
sensory innervation of the diaphragm
A
phrenic (central portion) and Intercostal nerves (T5-12)- Peripheral portion
21
Q
what dermatome is the nipple
A
T4
22
Q
what dermatome is the umbilicus
A
T10
23
Q
Dorsal Rami provides sensory to
A
back and posterior neck
24
Q
ventral rami provides sensory to
A
the rest, not including the back and posterior neck.
25
what's a dermatome
sensory innervation of an area or skin supplied by a spinal nerve (dorsal root) via dorsal and ventral primary rami
26
What is inspiration (anatomically)
```
CONTRACT the diaphragm (C3-C5)
Ribs ELEVATE (transverse and AP)
```
27
Bucket handle
Transverse axis rib elevation
28
pump handle
A-P axis Rib elevation
29
Expiration is (anatomically)
the relaxation of contracted muscles
| passive, while inhalation is active
30
Superior Mediastinum
```
begins at thoracic inlet
Arch of Aorta (brachycephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian)
brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava
thymus in children
esophagus
trachea
thoracic duct
nerves: vagus, phrenic, L.recurrent laryngeal
```
31
anterior mediastinum
between sternum and pericardium
Fatty tissue
thymus in infants is MOST anterior
lymph nodes
32
middle mediastinum
```
between pleural cavities
heart
roots of great vessels
main bronchi
pericardium
phrenics
```
33
posterior mediastinum
```
between pericardium and vertebral bodies
esophagus
thoracic aorta
azygos system
thoracic duct
vagus nerves
splanchnic nerves
```
34
what is the most anterior in the superior mediastinum
thymus (fat) children
35
what is the second most anterior in the superior mediastinum
the LEFT brachiocephalic VEIN
36
sternal angle
```
costal cartilage of rib 2
lower border of T4 (T4/5)
trachea bifurcation
pulmonary trunk bifurcates
beginning and and of the aortic arch
cardiac plexuses
ligamentum arteriosum
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
```
37
subcostal nerve, not intercostal nerve, does not run in intercostal space
T12
38
ventral (anterior) primary rami intercostal nerves
T1-11
39
what s the order of the neurovasculature in the intercostals
VAN - Vein artery nerve
closest to rib-vein
furthest from rib-nerve
40
what are the layer of the intercostal nerves and vessels between
between internal and innermost intercostal muscles and travel in the costal groove on the inf. surface of the rib.
41
the intercostal nerves have both cutaneous and muscular branches T/F
True
42
intercostal arteries
anterior and posterior intercostals
43
anterior intercostals
```
internal thoracic artery (space 1-6)
musculophrenic artery (space 7-9)
```
44
posterior intercostal 1(2)
highest (superior/ supreme) intercostal artery which is a branch of the costocerevical trunk
45
posterior intercostal 2(3)-11
posterior intercostal arteries branch from thoracic aorta)
46
subcostal artery (12) branches from
thoracic aorta
47
layers of penetration from (mid axillary line)
```
Skin
Superficial Fascia
Deep Fascia
Serratus Anterior
Esternal
Internal
Innermost intercostal
Endothoracic Fascia
Parietal pleura
pleural cavity visceral pleural
lungs
```
48
Visceral Pleura
covers organ
blood supply- bronchial artery (aorta)
innervated by Vagus (sketch and respiratory reflex)
insensitive to pain
49
parietal pleura
lines cavity wall(costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic)
blood- intercostal and internal thoracic arteries
nerve- intercostal, subcostal, and phrenic
SENSTIVE TO PAIN
50
which pleura does not feel pain
visceral pleura
51
cupola
parietal pleura over the lung apex
52
pleural cavity
potential space between parietal and visceral pleura, contains a film of fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces and facilitates movement
53
end-thoracic fascia
loose connective tissue that separates parietal pleura from thoracic wall
supra pleural membrane (Gibson's fasciae) extension of end-thoracic fascia that covers lung apex.
54
costodiaphragmatic recess (space)
formed by the reflection of the costal and diaphragmatic pleura, can accumulate fluid
allows lung expansion
55
Thoracocentesis
9th intercostal space, midaxillary line.
56
internal thoracic artery arises from
1st part of subclavian artery
57
internal thoracic artery supplies
pleura, pericardium, diaphragm, anterior thoracic wall and muscles, abdominal wall muscles
58
branches of internal thoracic artery
pericardiophrenic
anterior intercostal arteries (upper 6 intercostal spaces, 2 in each space)
musculophrenic: sends arteries to intercostal spaces 7-9, ends
superior epigastric: anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery
59
which artery forms an anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery
superior epigastric artery.
60
what attaches the lungs to the heart and trachea
the root and pulmonary ligament
61
arteries of the lung
bronchial and pulmonary
62
what supplies non respiratory tissue with blood
bronchial arteries
63
what supplies blood for gas exchange
pulmonary arteries
64
veins of the lung
bronchial and pulmonary
| bronchial is minor
65
neural innervation of the lungs
```
vagus nerve (pulmonary plexus)
and sympathetic (T2-5)
```
66
left lung
2 lobes (upper lower)
oblique issue
lingual
prominent cardiac notch and impression
67
right lung
3 lobes
oblique and horizontal issues
shorter and wider than the left
68
15-20 C shaped cartilages make up the
trachea
69
the trachea extends from
CV 6 to TV 4
70
carina
last tracheal cartilage, separates primary bronchi openings
71
Right Bronchus
Wider, Shorter, more vertical
3 secondary bronchi, one each lobe (lobar bronchi)
Eparterial bronchus (superior lobar bronchus)
inferior and middle lobar bronchi
10 bronchopulmonary segments
azygos vein arches over
72
Left bronchi
narrower, longer, more horizontal
2 secondary bronchi (superior and inferior lobar bronchi)
-8(9) bronchopulmanary segments
runs anterior to thoracic aurora and inferior to aortic arch
73
bronchopulmanary segment
subdivision of lung
tertiary bronchus
segmental artery and vein
can be removed without disrupting neighboring tissue
74
lung root contains
bronchus
pulmonary artery (less oxygenates blood going from heart to lungs)
pulmonary veins (more oxygenated blood going from lungs to heart)
bronchial arteries and veins
lymphatics and nodes (bronchopulmanary)
nerves
75
hilum of the lung
area of the lung where the root of the lungs enters and exits, also where the parietal and visceral pleura meet
76
left lung root and hilum
bronchi are posterior
arteries are superior
veins are inferior (and anterior)
77
right lung roots and hilum
bronchi are posterior
eparterial bronchus (right superior lobar bronchus) is superior
arteries are anterior
veins are inferior and anterior
78
midclavicular
lung Rib 6
| Pleura Rib 8
79
midaxillary
lung rib 8
| pleura rib 10
80
posteriorly
lung rib 10
| pleura rib 12
81
oblique fissure is at what level
begins at 2.5" from the apex of the lung, about the level of T4
ends at rib 6 costal cartilage
82
horizontal issues level
only on the right side
| level of rib 4 and its costal cartilage
83
apex of the lung projects...
2.5cm above clavicle
| lung and pleura (cupula) in this region are susceptible to injury
