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3RD yr- CCD1- Anatomy > Gross anatomy review > Flashcards

Gross anatomy review Flashcards

1
Q

What are sutures

A

They are fibrous, largely immobile joints ONLY found in the skull

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2
Q

In which direction does bone grow in relation to the suture

A

Bone growth is away from the suture as deposition of new bone occurs in th joints

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3
Q

What happen to sutures as you get older

A

Sutures normally begin to obliterate by your 20s

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4
Q

What do we mean by obliterate

A

Fuse together

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5
Q

What is a key different between new born skulls and adult bones

A
  1. Bones in a new borns skull aren’t completely fused
  2. There are soft spots on a new borns skull
  3. Mandible of a new born is a lot smalle r
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6
Q

Name the soft spots on a new borns skull

A
  1. Anterior fontanelle / bregma

2. Posterior fontanelle / lambda

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7
Q

Which soft spot on a new born is the biggest

A

Anterior fontanelle / bregma

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8
Q

What are the benefits of new borns having soft spots

A

Makes child birth easier as the bones can ‘squish’ helping the baby to come out easier during natural birth

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9
Q

How long does the anterior fontanelle stay open?

A

18-24 months

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10
Q

Why does the anterior fontanelle stay open for so long

A

To allow for the brain to grow within the skull

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11
Q

Name some sutures found on the visible surface of the skull

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. Coronal
  3. Lambdoid
  4. Squamosal
  5. Sphenoparietal
  6. Frontosphenoid
  7. Zygomaticofrontal
  8. Nasomaxillary
  9. Zygomaticomaxillary
  10. Zygomaticotemporal
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12
Q

Where is the sagittal suture found

A

Between your 2 parietal bones

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13
Q

Where is the coronal suture found

A

Found between the frontal and the parietal bone all across your skull

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14
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture found

A

Found between the parietal bones and occipital bones

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15
Q

What does the lambdoid suture meet with

A

The sagittal suture

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16
Q

What do the lambdoid and sagittal sutures essentially close up?

A

The posterior fontanelle

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17
Q

The place where the lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet is called what?

A

lambda

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18
Q

What is the temporal bone split into

A

A squamous and petrous part

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19
Q

Describe the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Hard portion of bone found at the base of the skull

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20
Q

Where is the squamosal suture found?

A

Between the squamous portion the temporal bone and the parietal bone

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21
Q

Where is the Occipitomastoid suture found?

A

Between the occipital bone and mastoid process

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22
Q

Where is the sphenoparietal suture found?

A

Between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone

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23
Q

Where is the frontosphenoid suture found

A

Between the frontal and sphenoid bone

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24
Q

Where is the zygomaticofrontal suture found

A

Between the zygomatic bone and frontal bone

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25
Q

Where is the nasomaxillary suture found

A

Between the nasal bone and maxillary bone

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26
Q

Where is the zygomaticomaxillary suture found

A

Between the zygomatic bone and maxillary bone

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27
Q

Where is the zygomaticotemporal suture found

A

Between the zygomatic bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone

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28
Q

Name some sutures found on the hard palate

A
  1. Transverse palatine

2. Median palatine

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29
Q

Where is the median palatine suture found

A

Down the midline of the palate

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30
Q

Where is the transverse palatine suture found

A

Run posteriorly from the left to right hand side of the hard palate

31
Q

What do the sutures on the hard palate do

A

They split the hard palate into 4 sections

32
Q

What can happen if the sutures in your skull obliterate prematurely

A

Craniosynostosis

33
Q

How can you correct Craniosynostosis

A

Really invasive Surgery performed at 6-12 months

34
Q

Why is surgery to correct Craniosynostosis done at a very young age?

A

As the bones at this age are malleable and so will repair easily

35
Q

What is a synchondroses

A

It is formed of hyaline cartilage which is converted into bone before adult life

36
Q

Name a synchondroses found in the skull

A

Speno occipital synchondrosis

37
Q

What can we use the epiphyseal plate to see

A

How old a person is based on the position of the epiphyseal plate

38
Q

How can we use the epiphyseal plate to see how old someone is

A

The closer the plate is towards the centre of bone the YOUNGER are person is

39
Q

When do synchondroses fuse

A

Around the age of 18

40
Q

What is the neural part of the skull

A

The neurocranium (any part of the skull encapsulating the brain or brain tissue)

41
Q

What is the somatic part of the skull

A

Part of the skull that contains your face

42
Q

Which is smaller the neural or somatic part of the brain

A

Somatic

43
Q

Which part of you skull grows quicker at birth

A

The neural part

44
Q

Why does you neurcoranium grow so quickly when you are born

A

As the brain is growing and pushing against the neural part of you skull forcing it to get bigger

45
Q

What is cortical drift

A

Interplay of bone deposition/resorption

46
Q

What happens bone resorption and deposition are equal

A

The bone stays the same thickness

47
Q

When does bone grow (in terms of cortical drift)

A

When deposition is greater than resorption

48
Q

What contributes to facial enlargement around puberty?

A

Cortical drift in the hard palate and base of the skull

49
Q

Name some foramen foun din the hard palate

A
  1. Incisive foramen
  2. Greater palatine foramen
  3. Lesser palatine foramen
50
Q

What Coes out of th incisive foramen

A

The incisive branch of V2

51
Q

Name the processes found on the hard palate

A
  1. Palatine process of maxilla

2. Horizontal process of palatine bone

52
Q

Where are the palatine processes of maxilla found

A

Anterior 2/3rds of the hard palate

53
Q

Where are the horizontal processes of palatine bone found

A

Posterior 1/3rd of the hard palate

54
Q

What can happen if the median palatine suture doesn’t develop correctly?

A

Patient can have cleft palate

55
Q

Name muscles found in the soft palate

A
  1. Tensor veil palatini
  2. Palatopharyngeus
  3. Levator veli palatini
  4. Palatoglossus
56
Q

State the origin of the tensor veil palatini

A

Bases fo the skull and cartilaginous auditory tube

57
Q

Where does the tensor veli palatini insert

A

Soft palate as palatine aponeurosis

58
Q

What is the tensor veli palatini innervated by

A

Medial pterygoid nerve (V3)

59
Q

What does the tensor veli palatini do

A

Tenses the soft palate during swallowing

60
Q

State the origin of the levator veli palatini

A

Cartilage of auditory tube and adjacent temporal bone

61
Q

Where does the levator veli palatini insert

A

Palatine aponeurosis

62
Q

What is the levator veli palatini oinnervated by

A

Vagus nerve

63
Q

What does the levator veli palatini do

A

Elevate soft palate once tense

64
Q

State the origin of the palatopharyngeus

A

Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

65
Q

Where does the palatopharyngeus insert

A

Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall

66
Q

What is the palatopharyngeus innervated by

A

vagus nerve

67
Q

What does the palatopharyngeus do

A

Elevates the larynx during swallowing

68
Q

State the origin of the palatoglossus

A

Palatine apenoeurosis

69
Q

Where does the palatoglossus insert

A

Tongue (Lateral surface)

70
Q

what is the palatoglossus innervated by

A

The vagus

71
Q

What does the palatoglossus do

A

Elevates the tongue and depresses soft palate

72
Q

Where does the thyroid gland get its blood supply from

A

Left and right superior thyroid artery (branch of the external carotid common artery)

73
Q

Why does the thyroid gland need a rich blood supply

A

As it is an endocrine gland so needs blood to let hormones circulate body

3RD yr- CCD1- Anatomy (6 decks)

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