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3RD yr- CCD1- Anatomy > Gross anatomy review > Flashcards

Gross anatomy review Flashcards

1
Q

What are sutures

A

They are fibrous, largely immobile joints ONLY found in the skull

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2
Q

In which direction does bone grow in relation to the suture

A

Bone growth is away from the suture as deposition of new bone occurs in th joints

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3
Q

What happen to sutures as you get older

A

Sutures normally begin to obliterate by your 20s

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4
Q

What do we mean by obliterate

A

Fuse together

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5
Q

What is a key different between new born skulls and adult bones

A
  1. Bones in a new borns skull aren’t completely fused
  2. There are soft spots on a new borns skull
  3. Mandible of a new born is a lot smalle r
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6
Q

Name the soft spots on a new borns skull

A
  1. Anterior fontanelle / bregma

2. Posterior fontanelle / lambda

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7
Q

Which soft spot on a new born is the biggest

A

Anterior fontanelle / bregma

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8
Q

What are the benefits of new borns having soft spots

A

Makes child birth easier as the bones can ‘squish’ helping the baby to come out easier during natural birth

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9
Q

How long does the anterior fontanelle stay open?

A

18-24 months

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10
Q

Why does the anterior fontanelle stay open for so long

A

To allow for the brain to grow within the skull

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11
Q

Name some sutures found on the visible surface of the skull

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. Coronal
  3. Lambdoid
  4. Squamosal
  5. Sphenoparietal
  6. Frontosphenoid
  7. Zygomaticofrontal
  8. Nasomaxillary
  9. Zygomaticomaxillary
  10. Zygomaticotemporal
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12
Q

Where is the sagittal suture found

A

Between your 2 parietal bones

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13
Q

Where is the coronal suture found

A

Found between the frontal and the parietal bone all across your skull

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14
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture found

A

Found between the parietal bones and occipital bones

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15
Q

What does the lambdoid suture meet with

A

The sagittal suture

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16
Q

What do the lambdoid and sagittal sutures essentially close up?

A

The posterior fontanelle

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17
Q

The place where the lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet is called what?

A

lambda

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18
Q

What is the temporal bone split into

A

A squamous and petrous part

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19
Q

Describe the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Hard portion of bone found at the base of the skull

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20
Q

Where is the squamosal suture found?

A

Between the squamous portion the temporal bone and the parietal bone

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21
Q

Where is the Occipitomastoid suture found?

A

Between the occipital bone and mastoid process

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22
Q

Where is the sphenoparietal suture found?

A

Between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone

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23
Q

Where is the frontosphenoid suture found

A

Between the frontal and sphenoid bone

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24
Q

Where is the zygomaticofrontal suture found

A

Between the zygomatic bone and frontal bone

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25
Where is the nasomaxillary suture found
Between the nasal bone and maxillary bone
26
Where is the zygomaticomaxillary suture found
Between the zygomatic bone and maxillary bone
27
Where is the zygomaticotemporal suture found
Between the zygomatic bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone
28
Name some sutures found on the hard palate
1. Transverse palatine | 2. Median palatine
29
Where is the median palatine suture found
Down the midline of the palate
30
Where is the transverse palatine suture found
Run posteriorly from the left to right hand side of the hard palate
31
What do the sutures on the hard palate do
They split the hard palate into 4 sections
32
What can happen if the sutures in your skull obliterate prematurely
Craniosynostosis
33
How can you correct Craniosynostosis
Really invasive Surgery performed at 6-12 months
34
Why is surgery to correct Craniosynostosis done at a very young age?
As the bones at this age are malleable and so will repair easily
35
What is a synchondroses
It is formed of hyaline cartilage which is converted into bone before adult life
36
Name a synchondroses found in the skull
Speno occipital synchondrosis
37
What can we use the epiphyseal plate to see
How old a person is based on the position of the epiphyseal plate
38
How can we use the epiphyseal plate to see how old someone is
The closer the plate is towards the centre of bone the YOUNGER are person is
39
When do synchondroses fuse
Around the age of 18
40
What is the neural part of the skull
The neurocranium (any part of the skull encapsulating the brain or brain tissue)
41
What is the somatic part of the skull
Part of the skull that contains your face
42
Which is smaller the neural or somatic part of the brain
Somatic
43
Which part of you skull grows quicker at birth
The neural part
44
Why does you neurcoranium grow so quickly when you are born
As the brain is growing and pushing against the neural part of you skull forcing it to get bigger
45
What is cortical drift
Interplay of bone deposition/resorption
46
What happens bone resorption and deposition are equal
The bone stays the same thickness
47
When does bone grow (in terms of cortical drift)
When deposition is greater than resorption
48
What contributes to facial enlargement around puberty?
Cortical drift in the hard palate and base of the skull
49
Name some foramen foun din the hard palate
1. Incisive foramen 2. Greater palatine foramen 3. Lesser palatine foramen
50
What Coes out of th incisive foramen
The incisive branch of V2
51
Name the processes found on the hard palate
1. Palatine process of maxilla | 2. Horizontal process of palatine bone
52
Where are the palatine processes of maxilla found
Anterior 2/3rds of the hard palate
53
Where are the horizontal processes of palatine bone found
Posterior 1/3rd of the hard palate
54
What can happen if the median palatine suture doesn't develop correctly?
Patient can have cleft palate
55
Name muscles found in the soft palate
1. Tensor veil palatini 2. Palatopharyngeus 3. Levator veli palatini 4. Palatoglossus
56
State the origin of the tensor veil palatini
Bases fo the skull and cartilaginous auditory tube
57
Where does the tensor veli palatini insert
Soft palate as palatine aponeurosis
58
What is the tensor veli palatini innervated by
Medial pterygoid nerve (V3)
59
What does the tensor veli palatini do
Tenses the soft palate during swallowing
60
State the origin of the levator veli palatini
Cartilage of auditory tube and adjacent temporal bone
61
Where does the levator veli palatini insert
Palatine aponeurosis
62
What is the levator veli palatini oinnervated by
Vagus nerve
63
What does the levator veli palatini do
Elevate soft palate once tense
64
State the origin of the palatopharyngeus
Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis
65
Where does the palatopharyngeus insert
Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall
66
What is the palatopharyngeus innervated by
vagus nerve
67
What does the palatopharyngeus do
Elevates the larynx during swallowing
68
State the origin of the palatoglossus
Palatine apenoeurosis
69
Where does the palatoglossus insert
Tongue (Lateral surface)
70
what is the palatoglossus innervated by
The vagus
71
What does the palatoglossus do
Elevates the tongue and depresses soft palate
72
Where does the thyroid gland get its blood supply from
Left and right superior thyroid artery (branch of the external carotid common artery)
73
Why does the thyroid gland need a rich blood supply
As it is an endocrine gland so needs blood to let hormones circulate body

3RD yr- CCD1- Anatomy (6 decks)

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