Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Gross Anatomy Of The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the portions of the respiratory tract?

A
  1. Conducting portion.

2. Respiratory portion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Respiratory tract.
  2. Lungs and pulmonary circulation.
  3. Additional structures involved in pulmonary ventilation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the conducting portion composed of?

A

Interconnecting hollow organs thus forming a branching out passageway which has hard elements ie bones, cartilages and ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the elements of the conducting portion?

A

To keep lumina of hollow organs patent, because they prevent collapsing of walls of air passages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the subdivisions of the conducting portion?

A
  1. Upper part/airway.

2. Lower part/airway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the upper part of the conducting portion contain?

A
  1. Nasal cavities with para nasal sinuses
  2. Oral cavity
  3. Nasopharynx
  4. Oropharynx
  5. Upper part of Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the lower part of the conducting portion contain?

A
  1. Larynx
  2. Trachea
  3. Extrapulmonary bronchi
  4. Intrapulmonary bronchi
  5. Regular bronchioles
  6. Terminal bronchioles
  7. Bronchial trees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the respiratory portion contain?

A

Acini which include :
1. Respiratory bronchioles.

  1. Alveolar ducts.
  2. Alveolar atria or vestibules.
  3. Alveolar sacs with alveoli.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the functional unit of the respiratory portion?

A

Acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the acini attached to?

A

The terminal branches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the smallest elements of the bronchial tree?

A

Terminal bronchioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of the outside air?

A
  1. Varies in temperatures.
  2. Varies from very dry to very humid.
  3. Contains dust & debris.
  4. Contains microorganisms
  5. Temperature and humidity of inspired air will increase as it passes down a long series of tubes lined with mucosa at body temperature.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What changes occur to outside air as it is inspired?

A
  1. At alveolar surface it must be at body temperature.
  2. At alveolar surface it must be saturated with water vapour.
  3. Dust and debris must be filtered out of the inspired air and disposed of before they reach the alveoli, enter the blood and cause possible problems.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Incoming air is warmed and moistened in the nasal cavity.

2. Incoming air is also filtered and cleaned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the lungs?

A

Paired parenchymatous organs which consists of:

  1. Lobes
  2. Lobules
  3. Bronchopulmonary segments.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the lungs include?

A
  1. Lobes
  2. Lobules
  3. Bronchopulmonary segments
  4. Intrapulmonary bronchi
  5. Bronchioles
  6. Numerous respiratory trees/functional units : acini which contain respiratory membranes (air - blood barriers).
16
Q

What is the function of the respiratory membrane?

A

Allows for gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood.

17
Q

How are gases transported?

A

With the blood to and from the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.

18
Q

What are the additional structures involved in pulmonary ventilation?

A
  1. Visceral & parietal pleura.
  2. Two pleural cavities (left & right)
  3. Bones & joints of thoracic cage.
  4. Muscles of respiration with their blood and nerve supply.
19
Q

Describe lungs and it’s association.

A
  1. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural cavity or sac except where the plumbing joins it to the rest of the body.
  2. The pleura has an in inner surface, a thin layer of fluid in the middle and an outer surface.
  3. Each lung is enclosed in a cage bounded below by the diaphragm, the chest wall at the sides and the mediastinum.
20
Q

How does breathing work?

A

By making the cage bigger.
1. The pleura layers slide over each other and the pressure in the lungs is decreased so air is sucked in.

  1. Breathing out causes the cage to collapse and the air is expelled.
21
Q

What is the arrangement of the pleura?

A
  1. The inner surface surrounding the lung is called the visceral pleura.
  2. The outer surface is the parietal pleura.
  3. The space between the visceral and parietal pleura is called the pleural sac or cavity. It contains a very small amount of pleural fluid, for lubrication of adjacent surfaces during lung movements.
22
Q

What is the function of the pleural fluid?

A

For lubrication of adjacent surfaces during lung movements.

23
Q

What are the divisions of breathing movements?

A
  1. Pump handle movements.
    - the sternal rib of the rib is elevated or depressed on its vertebral joints.
  2. Bucket handle movements.
    - the rib rotating on its axis around anterior and posterior attachemnts.
24
Q

What does more and more deeper and deeper breathing involve?

A
  1. The scalene muscles of the neck contract raising the first rib and the rest of the cage.
  2. Then other neck muscles and even of the upper limb become involved.
25
Q

Why does a patient with difficulty breathing grip a table or other surfaces?

A

To stabilize their limbs so that their muscles can be used to help in moving the thoracic wall.

Anatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions