Gross Anatomy of the Brain Flashcards
Consists of the cranial and spinal nerves and their associated ganglia
Peripheral nervous system
Both brain and spinal cord are covered with a system of membranes called ______ and they are suspendes in the _____
Meninges; cerebrospinal fluid
The CNS is composed of large numbers of excitable nerve cells and their processes called
Neurons
The CNS is supported by specialized tissue called
Neuroglia
The long process of a nerve cell are called
Axon or Nerve Fibers
Consists of nerve cells embedded in neuroglia; it has gray color
Gray matter
Consists of nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia
White matter
Why does white matter has white color?
Due to the presence of lipid material in the myelin sheaths of many of the nerve fibers
Part of autonomic system prepare the body for an emergency
Sympathetic
Part of the autonomice system are aimed at conserving and restoring energy
Parasympathetic
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
A direction toward the nose
Rostral
Mass of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
Hemispheres are separated by a deep cleft
Longitudinal Fissure
A layer of neuronal cell bodies about 0.5 cm thick that covers the entire surface of the hemisphere
Cerebral cortex
A fold or convolution
Gyrus (gyri)
A groove between adjacent gyri
Sulcus (sulci)
Second major part of the cerebrum that is made up of myelinated axons that carry information to or from cerebral cortex
Subcortical white matter
The largest and most organized part of the white matter
Internal capsule
Separates frontal, parietal and temporal
Lateral fissure of Sylvius
Motor area; seat of mental activities
Frontal lobe
Somesthetic area (sensory)
Parietal lobe
Visual center
Occipital lobe
Hearing center
Temporal lobe
It function as a relay station between the brain stem and the cerebrum
Diencephalon
Largest division of the diencephalon; 2 egg shaped masses bordering the third ventricle; receives precortical sensory input from all sensory except the olfactory
Thalamus
Cavity of diencephalon bordered bilaterally by the thalamus and hypothalamus
Third Ventricle
Connection between thalami
Interthalamic adhesion
Forms the lower of the lateral wall and floor of the third ventricle; fuctions primarily in thr maintenance of homeostasis
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus subservs 3 systems namely:
- Autonomice Nervous System
- Endocrine
- Lymbic
Separates hypothalamus from thalamus
Hypothalamic Sulcus
A stalk like part of the brain; located in the posterior cranial fossa
Brainstem
Brainstem is conists of:
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
Shortest part of the brainstem; contains the nuclei of the Oculomotor and Trochlear nerves
Midbrain