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Cardiology > Gross Anatomy Final > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

What separates superior from inferior mediastinum? Which vertebral level?

A

Sternal angle - b/w T4 and T5

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2
Q

Which division of inferior mediastinum is the thymus found in?

A

Anterior mediastinum

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3
Q

Middle mediastinum contains?

A

pericardium, the heart, and the roots of the great vessels

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4
Q

The posterior mediastinum contains?

A

esophagus, vagus nerves, azygos system of veins, thoracic duct, thoracic aorta

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5
Q

Sternal angle is landmark for? (6 things)

A
  • Boundary between the superior and inferior mediastinum
  • Superior border of the pericardium
  • Bifurcation of the trachea
  • End of the ascending aorta
  • Beginning and end of the arch of the aorta
  • Beginning of the thoracic aorta
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6
Q

Pericardium divisons

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium -> prevents rapid overfilling of heart
  2. Parietal serous pericardium
  3. Parietal visceral pericardium

2+3 are continuous with each other at lines of reflection located around the pulmonary veins and the inferior vena cava

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7
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum connects which 2 structures

A

left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta.

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8
Q

Apex of heart is located at the?

A

Left 5th intercostal space 9cm from midline

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9
Q

Boundaries of superior mediastinum

A

Superior – superior thoracic aperture
Posterior – bodies of vertebrae T1 to T4
Anterior – manubrium of the sternum
Lateral – mediastinal pleurae (left and right)
Inferior – horizontal plane passing through the sternal angle and T4/T5 intervertebral disk.

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10
Q

SVC passes anterior or posterior to root of lung?

A

Anterior

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11
Q

Phrenic nerve is accompanied by which vessels?

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery and vein

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12
Q

Mediastinal tumors or aortic aneurysms can compress which nerve? cause what?

A

left recurrent laryngeal

paralysis of left vocal fold and hoarseness

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13
Q

Cardiac plexus formed by?

Located?

A

cardiac branches from the sympathetic trunk and the vagus nerve

lies inferior to aortic arch

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14
Q

Relation of phrenic and vagus nerves relative to root of the lung

A

Phrenic = anterior

vagus = posterior

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15
Q

Which cardiac vein drains does NOT drain into the coronary sinus? Where does it drain instead?

A

Anterior cardiac veins -> right atrium

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16
Q

The anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery is accompanied by the?

A

Great cardiac vein

17
Q

Where does the LCA begin?

RCA?

A

LCA - b/w left auricle and pulmonary trunk

RCA - b/w right auricle and ascending aorta

18
Q

The SA nodal branch comes of which artery?

A

Anterior right atrial branch of RCA

19
Q

Marginal branch of RCA is accompanied by which vein?

A

small cardiac vein

20
Q

posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery accompanies the

What does it supply

A

middle cardiac vein

LV wall and post portion of IV septum

21
Q

Location of the SA node and AV node

A

SA node - lies at the superior end of the crista terminalis at the junction between the right atrium and the superior vena cava.

AV node - located in the interatrial septum, above the opening of the coronary sinus.

22
Q

What connects papillary muscles to the valve

A

chordae tendinae

23
Q

List papillary muscles in RV

A

anterior - biggest
septal - smallest
posterior

24
Q

What contains part of the right bundle of the conducting system - part that stimulates anterior papillary muscles

(mentioned twice)

A

Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

-extends from IV septum to base of anterior papillary muscle

25
Q

cone-shaped portion of the right ventricle inferior to the opening of the pulmonary trunk is called

A

conus arteriosus

26
Q

Name the 3 cusps of pulmonary valve

What does the nodule do?

A

ant, right and left semilunar cusps

divides the free edge of the semilunar valve cusp into two halves. Each half is referred to as a LUNULE.

The nodule and lunules help to seal the valve cusps and prevent backflow of blood during diastole.

27
Q

Referred pain for heart attack through which nerve?

branch of which nerve and which vertebral level?

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

Lateral cutaneous branch of 2nd intercostal nerve (T2)

28
Q

Origins?

Posterior intercostal a.

Anterior intercostal a.

A

Posterior intercostal a. -> thoracic aorta

Anterior intercostal a. -> internal thoracic a.

29
Q

The portion of the parietal pleura that adheres to the walls of the mediastinum is referred to as

A

mediastinal parietal pleura

30
Q

The two brachiocephalic veins meet to form the SVC at which point?

A

posterior to the inferior border of the R 1st costal cartilage

31
Q

The epicardium contains?

A

Visceral pericardium + epicardial fat

32
Q

Borders of the heart

A

R border: formed by the R atrium

Inferior border: formed by the R ventricle and a small part of the L ventricle.

L border: formed by the L ventricle

Superior border: formed by the R & L atria and auricles.

33
Q

Surfaces of the heart

A

Sternocostal (anterior) surface: formed mainly by the R ventricle.

Diaphragmatic (inferior) surface: formed mainly by the L ventricle and a small part of the R ventricle.

Pulmonary (Left) surface: formed mainly by the L ventricle. The pulmonary surface of the heart is in contact with the cardiac impression of the L lung.

34
Q

Pericardium attaches to diaphragm using the

A

central tendon of the diaphragm

35
Q

What does the post interventricular branch of RCA anastomose w/?

A

Ant interventricular branch of LCA

36
Q

Opening for the LCA and RCA?

A

left and right aortic sinuses

37
Q

TRICUSPID VALVE

Chordae tendinae attach to which cusps for the 3 papillary muscles?

A

Anterior papillary m: largest, attach to anterior & posterior cusps

Posterior papillary m: attach to posterior and septal cusps

Septal papillary m: smallest, attach to septal and anterior cusps

38
Q

R brachiocephalic formed by which 2 veins?

A

internal jugular and right subclavian veins

Cardiology (6 decks)

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