gross anatomy exam 2 Popliteal fossa, post leg, plantar foot

Question 1

What ligaments are in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 1

Arcurate and oblique popliteal ligaments

Question 2

Bursae of the Popliteal fossa

Answer 2

Medial subtendinosus bursae of the gastrocnemous

Lateral subtendinosus bursae of the gastrocnemous

semi-membranosus bursae

Question 3

Borders of the popliteal fossa
(hint - its diamond shaped)

Answer 3

Superolateral- Biceps femoris tendon

Superomedial - semimembranosus m.

Inferiomedial and lateral - gastrocnemius m.

Inferiolateral - plantaris m.

Question 4

Popliteal contents

Answer 4

• Termination of the small saphenous vein
• popliteal arteries and veins, and their branches and tributaries
• tibial and common fibular nn.
• Posterior cuteaneous n. of the thigh
• popliteal lymph nodes and lumphatic vessels
• sural nn.

Question 5

The popliteal fasica is often pierced by what?

Answer 5

The small saphenous vein

Question 6

Indications of sural n. graft

Answer 6

-repair of damaged nn. in the hand, arm, leg, or face

• nerve transfer to improve function
• reconstruction of nerve gaps

Question 7

Procedure of sural nerve graft

Answer 7

-incision of 15-30cm of the sural n. is made

• repair or replacement of damaged n.
• suture of nerve endings

Question 8

Benefits and recovery of sural n. graft

Answer 8

Benefits - long gaps replacements; minimizes donor site morbidity (muscle function is not affected after sural n. removal)

Recovery - variable; sensation gradually returns from months to a year; PT is needed

Question 9

What can cause a Baker’s cyst/popliteal cyst?

Answer 9

Articular issues and inflammatory reactions to: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, ACL and meniscal tears

Question 10

Symptoms and treatment of Baker’s cyst/popliteal cyst

Answer 10

Symptoms - Posterior pain, swelling/mass, limited range of motion, stiffness/tightness

Treatment - spontaneous resolution, rest and ice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, surgical intervention

Question 11

Fibularis longus
Origin and insertion

Answer 11

Origin - Head and superior 2/3s of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion - Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 12

Fibularis longus
Action and innervation

Answer 12

Action - Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Innervation - Superfcial fibular n.

Question 13

Fibularis brevis
Origin and insertion

Answer 13

Origin - Inferior 2/3s of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion - Lateral sode of base of 5th metatarsal

Question 14

Fibularis brevis
Action and innervation

Answer 14

Action - Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Innervation - Superficial fibular n.

Question 15

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 15

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 16

What muscles share the calcaneal/achilles tendon?

Answer 16

Gastrocnemius m.
Soleus m.
Plantaris m.

Question 17

What muscles form the triceps surae muscle

Answer 17

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 18

Gastrocnemius
Origin and insertion

Answer 18

Origin-
Lateral head- Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head - Popliteal surface of femur; superior tp medial condyle

Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 19

Gastrocnemius
Action and innervation

Answer 19

Action - Plantarflexes ankle joint when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint

Innervation - Tibial n.

Question 20

Soleus
Origin and insertion

Answer 20

Origin - Posterior aspect of head of fibula

Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 21

Soleus
Action and innervation

Answer 21

Action - Plantarflexes ankle independent of postition of knee
*doesnt cross knee joint

Innervation - tibial n.

Question 22

Plantaris
Origin and insertion

Answer 22

Origin - Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament

Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneal tendon

Question 23

Plantaris
Action and innervation

Answer 23

Action - Weakly assists gastrocnenius in plantar flexing ankle

Innervation - tibial n.

Question 24

What muscle’s tendon can be used for muscle graft

Answer 24

Plantaris m.

Question 25

Popliteus Origin and insertion

Answer 25

Origin - Lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of the lateral meniscus Insertion - Posterior tibial surface

Question 26

Popliteus Action and innervation

Answer 26

Action - Knee joint: flexes and unlocks the knee by preventing anterior displacement of the femur on the knee partly flexed Innervation - tibial n.

Question 27

Flexor Hallucis longus Origin and insertion

Answer 27

Origin - fibula (distal 2/3s of the posterior surface), interosseous membrane Insertion - 1st distal phalanx (base)

Question 28

Flexor hallucis longus Action and innervation

Answer 28

Action - plantar flexion, inverion, plantar flexion at the MTP and IP joints of the 1st toe and supports the medial longitudinal arch Innervation - Tibial n.

Question 29

Flexor digitorum longus Origin and insertion

Answer 29

Origin - Tibia (middle 1/3 of the posterior surface) Insertion - 2nd to 5th distal phalanges (bases)

Question 30

Flexor digitorum longus Action and innervation

Answer 30

Action - Plantar flexion, inversion and plantar flexion at the MTP and IP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes Innervation - Tibial n.

Question 31

Tibialis posterior Origin and insertion

Answer 31

Origin - interosseousmembrane, adjacent borders of the tibia and fibula Insertion - Navicular tuberosity; medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms; base of 2nd to 4th metatarsels

Question 32

first layer of plantar foot muscles

Answer 32

most superficial Abductor digiti minimi flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis

Question 33

Second layer of plantar foot

Answer 33

Quadtratus plantae Lumbricals (originates from flexor digitorum longus tendon)

Question 34

Third layer of plantar foot

Answer 34

Flexor Hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi

Question 35

4th layer of platar foot (deepest layer)

Answer 35

Interossei

Question 36

What actions do doral vs plantar interossei perform

Answer 36

plantar = adduction dorsal = abduction