Gross anatomy and histology of the Female reproductive tract Flashcards
Function of female preprodutive system?
- Egg production
- Facilitating reproduction with the right conditions
- Production of sex hormones
Vagina is a muscular tube that faciliates mesntruation, child birth and sexual intercourse. The uterus actually protrudes into the vagina, leaving a recess around the uterus in the vagina itself. What is this called?
Vaginal fornix
State the main functions of the uterus
- Hosts the fetus during development
- produces secretions
- allows sperm passage
Cervix is a component of the uterus that extends into vagina. Extends from the ????? of the uterus, to the ???????
The portion that extends into the vagins is called the ?????? portion. The portion that does not extend into the vagina is called?????
Isthmus
External ons - external orifice
Vaginal portion
Supravaginal portion
The internal orifice is opening into the ???? of the uterus, which is connecting the body and the ?????. The regio between the internal ons and external ons is called what?
Cervical canal
The body of the uterus is also known as what? What are two important events happen here?
The corpus.
Fertilization, fetal development
What is the base, or most superior part of the uterus?
The Uterus is composed of 3 layers - name them and very briefly summarise what they are (deep to superficial)
- Endometrium - the mucosa
- Myometrium - muscular layer
- Perimetrium
The endometrium is the innemost layer of uterus - also called uterine mucous membrane.
What type of cell lines the endometrium?
Simple columnar epithelium - underneath you have your typical lamina propria.
Myometrium is a layer of 3 smooth muscle muscle layers.
Subvascular layer
Vascular layer
Supravascular layer
The uterus can be said to be in anteflexion and anteversion. Explain what this means
- Anteversion refers to the position of the uterus to the vagina - V for V
- Anteflexion refers to position of the uterus to the cervix
Another name for fallopian tube?
What are the functions of the fallopian tube?
Uterine tube.
Site of fertilisation
Provide passage for ovum
Label the 3 main parts of the fallopian tubes
Describe the appearance of each of the regions of the fallopian tube
Isthmus - narrow sction that connects the ampula to the uterine cavity
Ampulla - widest section of the uterine tube - typically the site of fertilisation
infundibulum - most distal part of fallopian tubes - opening that is near the ovaries to which the fimbrae are attached
Fibrae - finger like, cilitaed projections which capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary
The fallopian tubes connect the uterine cavity to the perionteal cavity. What is the name of the junction that connects the uterus to the fallopian tube?
Utero-tubal junction
the longest of the fimbriae – ??????? – attaches to the superior aspect of each ovary.
Ovarian fimbriae
Ovaries are bilateral oval shaped discs; that have both exocrine and endocrine activities.
What ligament attaches the uterus body to the sacrum?
Uterosacral ligament
What ligament attaches the ovary to the wall of the pelvis?
Suspensory ligament (fold of peritoneum)
The broad ligament can be divided into roughly 3 areas - what are they?
Mesovarium
Mesoalpinx
Mesometrium
State the functions of each of the 3 parts of the broad ligaments
Mesometrium - surrounds the uterus and is the largest subsection of broad ligament. Runs laterally to cover the external iliac vessels, forming a distinct fold over them.
Mesosalpinx - Originates superiorly to the mesovarium. Encloses the fallopian tubes.
Mesovarium - Encloses the neurovascular supply of the ovary. Also attaches the ovaries to the posterior layer of the mesometrium and encloses the ovarian ligament.
What is the part of the uterine tube still enveloped by the uterus?
“Uterine part” of the uterine tube
Blood supply + lymphatics for ovaries
Ovarian Artery
Ovarian Vein
Drains to Aortic nodes
What is the function of the fallopian tube?
Allow passage of the ovum to the uterine cavity, and to allow fertilisation to occur
The mucosal lining of the fallopian tube is arranged in labyrinth of branching logitudinal ??. This most evident in the ?? of the uterine tube.
Each fold has mainly simple ??,??? epithelium. Some of the cells are not ??, and instead secrete a mucus that is propelled towards the uterus
Underneath, there is a layer of supporting vasuclar tissue (lamina propria mucosa - ST in diagram later)). The muscular wall has a ?? and ?? layer.
The most outer layer is the ???, which is continues with the ??? ligament.
The mucosal lining of the fallopian tube is arranged in labyrinth of branching logitudinal folds. This most evident is in the ampulla of the uterine tube.
Each fold has mainly simple columnar,ciliated epithelium. Some of the cells are not ciliated, and instead secrete a mucus that is propelled towards the uterus
Underneath the epithelium of the folds, there is a layer of supporting vasuclar tissue (lamina propria mucosa - ST in diagram later)). The muscular wall has a circular and longitudinal layer.
The most outer layer is the serosa, which is continues with the ??? ligament. Serosa is just lots of supporting tissue.
There are 3 main layers of the uterus.
???? - the inner mucous membrane that lines the uterus - can be further subdivided into two layers
???? - changes little throughout the cycle and is not shed during menstruation
???? - prolliferates in response to ?????
Myomterium - Mucular layer, can undergo ??? and ???? during pregnancy in preparation to expel the fetus at birth
Perimetrium - double layered membrane that is continous with the ????? - this layer can also be referred to as ???????
Endometrium - the inner mucous membrane that lines the uterus - can be further subdivided into two layers:
Stratum basalis - changes little throughout the cycle and is not shed during menstruation
Stratum functinoalis - prolliferates in response to oestrogens
Myomterium - Mucular layer, can undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnanc in preparation to expel the fetus at birth
Perimetrium - double layered membrane that is continous with the abdominal peritoneum - this layer can also be referred to as peritoneum
The vagina is comosed of 4 histological layers:
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Elastic lamina propria
- Fibromuscular layer
- Adventitia
Stratified squamous epithelial layer provides protection and is lubrictaed by ???? mucus. The vagina itself does not contain any ???
Elastic lamina propria - a dense layer of connective tissue which is rich in ???? fibres.
Fibromuscular layer - two layers of smotth muscle - an inner ??? layer and outer /?? layer.
Adventitia - a fibrous layer which provides extra layer of protection whilst also binding it to ??? structures.
The vagina is comosed of 4 histological layers:
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Elastic lamina propria
- Fibromuscular layer
- Adventitia
Stratified squamous epithelial layer provides protection and is lubrictaed by cervical mucus. The vagina itself does not contain any ???
Elastic lamina propria - a dense layer of connective tissue which is rich in elastic fibres.
Fibromuscular layer - two layers of smotth muscle - an inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer.
Adventitia - a fibrous layer which provides extra layer of protection whilst also binding it to surrounding structures.
