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Part 1 Boards > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

Body facing forward, limbs fully extended, and palms facing forward

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2
Q

The body may be placed in what positions?

A

Prone and Supine

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3
Q

Prone?

A

Facing downward (face down)

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4
Q

Supine?

A

Facing upwards (face up)

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5
Q

What are the regions of the body?

A

cephalic, caudal, cervical, thoracic, abdominal, lumbar, and sacral

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6
Q

Cephalic?

A

Head

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7
Q

Caudal?

A

Tail

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8
Q

Cervical?

A

Neck

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9
Q

Thoracic?

A

Chest

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10
Q

Abdominal?

A

Between chest and genitals

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11
Q

Lumbar?

A

Lower back

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12
Q

Sacral?

A

Over the sacrum

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13
Q

What are two the surfaces of limbs?

A

Dorsal and ventral

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14
Q

Dorsal?

A

Back or posterior

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15
Q

Ventral?

A

front or anterior

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16
Q

What are the planes in the body?

A

horizontal, vertical, sagittal, coronal, median, medial, and lateral

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17
Q

Horizontal Plane?

A

in line with the horizon (also known as the transverse plane)

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18
Q

Vertical Plane?

A

at right angle to horizon

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19
Q

Sagittal Plane?

A

from top-bottom plane separating left from right

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20
Q

Coronal Plane?

A

vertical plane separating the back from the front

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21
Q

Median Plane?

A

in the sagittal plane

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22
Q

Medial Plane?

A

close to the midline

23
Q

Lateral Plane?

A

away from the midline

24
Q

Flexion?

A

bent towards the trunk

Ex: Bending forearm closer to biceps

25
Q

Extension?

A

stretched out away from trunk

Ex: Extending forearm away from elbow

26
Q

Adduction?

A

brought towards midline

Ex: Bringing arm/thigh closer to body

27
Q

Abduction?

A

moved away from midline

Ex: Taking arm/thigh away from body

28
Q

Supination?

A

turned upwards

Ex: Palms facing up

29
Q

Pronation?

A

turned downwards
Ex: turned downwards
Ex: Palms facing down

30
Q

Medial/Internal Rotation?

A

turned inwards

Ex: Turning elbow/hip into midline

31
Q

Lateral/External Rotation?

A

turned outwards

Ex: Turning elbow/hip away from midline

32
Q

Ulnar Deviation?

A

bent towards ulnar side

33
Q

Radial Deviation?

A

bent towards radial side

34
Q

Proximal?

A

closer to the origin of the limb

Ex: Deltoid is proximal to biceps brachii

35
Q

Distal?

A

further away from the origin of the limb

Ex: Deltoid is distal to phalanges

36
Q

Superficial?

A

Closer to the surface

Ex: Sternum is superficial to heart

37
Q

Deep?

A

further away from the surface

Ex: Vertebrae is deep to esophagus

38
Q

Cranial?

A

towards the head

Ex: Neck is cranial to abdominals

39
Q

Caudal?

A

towards the tail

Ex: Rectus femoris is caudal to pectoralis major

40
Q

Palmar?

A

part of hand that holds

41
Q

Plantar?

A

part of foot that one stands on (sole of foot)

42
Q

Superior?

A

located above

Ex: Head is superior to neck

43
Q

Inferior?

A

located below

Example: Patella is inferior to femur

44
Q

In histological anatomy cells may be classified in what groups?

A

Epithelial, muscle, nervous, bone, blood, and connective tissue

45
Q

What are the three types of muscle cells?

A

smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

46
Q

What is unique about cardiac, skeletal, and nervous tissue?

A

They are the only types of tissue that CANNOT reproduce

47
Q

What are the types of epithelium?

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional epithelium

48
Q

What type of tissue lines lymphatic and blood vessels, pleura, and peritoneum?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

49
Q

What type of tissues is found in the skin, oral cavity, esophagus, and lower half of the anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

50
Q

What type of tissue are found in Bowman’s capsule, convoluted tubules of the kidney, and thyroid follicles?

A

Cuboidal Epithelium

51
Q

What type of tissue lines the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

52
Q

What type of tissue is found in the uterine tube?

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

53
Q

What type of tissue is found in the respiratory tract?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

54
Q

What type of tissue is found in the ureter, urinary bladder, and most of the urethra?

A

Transitional epithelium

Part 1 Boards (1 decks)

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