gross anatomy Flashcards
describe the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
integrate info and coordinate activity throughout the body
describe the peripheral nervous system
limbs and organs
communication between the CNA and the body
somatic: sensory info to CNS via periphery and motor related movement
describe the frontal lobe
top front of brain, involved in planning, social interaction and attention
describe the paretial lobe
top back of brain involved in spatial awareness, perception, attention and sense of touch
describe the temporal lobe
bottom front of brain, involved in language, object recgonition and hearing
decribe the occipital lobe
bottom back of brain involved in vision
side view of brain
saggital slice
lateral view
top view of brain
axial slice
dorsal view
front view of brain
coronal slice
frontal plane
taking a lateral view, name the directions of the brain
superior/dorsal - frontal and paretial
inferior/ventral - temporal and occipital
posterior/caudal - paretial and occipital
anterior/rostral - frontal and temp
taking a dorsal view, name the directions of the brain
lateral left and right (left and right hemispheres) and media (coprus callosum seperation)
name the major sulci and fissures in the brain
pre and post central gyrus located around the central sulcus (between frontal and paretial)
temporal/occipital sulcus
sylvian fissure (between temp and temp)
what are sulci and gyri
sulci/sulcus - depressions/fissures on the surface of the brain
gyri/gryrus - ridges of the brain
function of central gyrus
primary motor and somatosensory cortex organised about it
sensory homonculus - most sensitive larger area in the brain
describe the corpus callosum
connects two hemispheres allowing information to pass between them
hemispheroctomy - remove entire brain to control epilepsy and leads to milited functioning
describe lateralisation in the two hemispheres
left -
associated with language and fine detail
right -
relate to face, preception and low res visual info
describe agyria
lack of folding in the brain
less cerebral fortex
nerve cells not form in correct areas during foetal development
cause spasms, problems swallowing and severe cognitive problems
describe the medial structures of the brain from top to bottom
septum thalamus hippocampus hypothallamus amygdala cerebellum brain stem Some Times Humans Have A Cat Bottom
describe the subcortial structures of the brain
cingulate cortex mammilary body hypothallamus amygdala hippocampus fornix thalamus Creative Moths Have A Hefty Fineliner
describe the cerebellum
pon (left, lined), cerebellar pendundles - superior, middle and infrioir, choroid plexus and forth ventricle and medulla oblongata
describe the cranial nerves
olfactory optic oculomotor trigeminal facial vestibulochoclear abducens glossophoryngeal vagus hypoglossal spinal accessory
describe the circle of willis
brain uses 15% cardiac output using system of arteries to ensure a reliable flow of blood
circle of willis used to compensate and redistribute blood if a major blood supply is blocked
describe the meninges
dura mater as outerlayer
arachnoid membrain
pia matter
subachnoid space fulled if CSF fluid - cushion brain
describe the parts of a neuron
send rapis long distance info through electrical signals/impulses and chemicals
cell body - control centre, DNA, proteins and chemicals
-info integrated and sent out
axon - projects from soma, send signals to other neurons
dendrites - recieves info and determines the no. signals passed on
schwann cell - provide insulation via myelin sheath, performs phagocytosis and nerve regeneration
