Gross Anatomy 2

Question 1

How many thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

What is the shape of the vertebrae?

Answer 2

Heart-shaped body

Question 3

What are the facets of the vertebrae?

Answer 3

Superior + inferior costal, superior + inferior articular, transverse costal

Question 4

What do the facets of the vertebrae body do?

Answer 4

Articulation of the heads of ribs

Question 5

What do the transverse facets of the vertebrae do?

Answer 5

Articulation with tubercles of ribs

Question 6

How many pairs of ribs in total?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

How many pairs of true ribs? Which ones?

Answer 7

7, 1-7

Question 8

How many pairs of false ribs? Which ones?

Answer 8

3, 8-10

Question 9

How many pairs of floating ribs? Which ones?

Answer 9

2,11-12

Question 10

What is the difference between true false and floating ribs?

Answer 10

true = reach sternum
false = reach costal cartilage above
floating = lack anterior attachment

Question 11

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Answer 11

Manubrium, body + xiphoid

Question 12

What does the sternum have articulate sites + facets for?

Answer 12

Ribs 1-7 and clavicles

Question 13

What is the thoracic inlet/ superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 13

Ring formed by:
Vertebra T1
Rib 1
Manubrium

Question 14

What does the thoracic inlet contain?

Answer 14

→ oesophagus
→ trachea
→ nerves 
→ lymphatic
→ great vessels for neck + upper limbs

Question 15

What is the costal margin?

Answer 15

Lining of costal cartilage from ribs 7-10

Question 16

What muscles expand chest + lung volumes?

Answer 16

Diaphragm + intercostal

Question 17

How do ribs move to increase chest volume?

Answer 17

→ superior tanterion movement of sternum like a pump handle

→ elevation of lateral shaft of rib like bucket handle movement

Question 18

What is the order of intercostal muscles for anterior to posterior?

Answer 18

→ external
→ internal
→ innermost

Question 19

Between which intercostal muscles are the collateral branches located?

Answer 19

Internal + innermost

Question 20

What is the order of collateral branches from superior to inferior?

Answer 20

VAN ( vein, artery, nerve )

Question 21

What direction do the muscle fibres run for the different types of intercostal muscles?

Answer 21

External = lateral to medial when going superior to inferior

Internal + innermost = medial to lateral