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CBA-2 > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the skull consists of ________

A

cranium and mandible

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2
Q

what is calvaria

A

upper part of the cranium which encloses the brain

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3
Q

calvaria is also called

A

brain box

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4
Q

the skull consists of how many bones

A

28

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5
Q

how many bones is the calvaria composed of and name them

A 
14 bones 
parietal -2
temporal -2
malleus-2
incus- 2
stapes-2

frontal
occipital
sphenoid
ethmoid

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6
Q

how many bones is the facial skeleton composed of and name them

A 
14
maxilla - 2
zygomatic - 2
nasal - 2 
lacrimal - 2 
palatine - 2
inferior nasal concha - 2

mandible
vomer

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7
Q

what is Reids base line

A

horizontal line obtained when infraorbital margin is joined with the center of external acoustic meatus (auricular point)

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8
Q

what is Frankfurts horizontal plane

A

plane of orientation obtained when infraorbital margin is joined with the upper margin of external acoustic meatus

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9
Q

name the normas of the skull

A 
norma frontalis
norma verticalis 
norma occipitalis 
norma lateralis 
norma basalis
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10
Q

internally the skull is composed of

A

internal surface of cranial vault

internal surface of cranial base

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11
Q

what is the significance of fontanelles

A

they allow overlapping of the bones during vaginal delivery if required

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12
Q

what are pneumatic bones

A

skull bones which have air cells in them

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13
Q

which bones are pneumatic bones

A 
Frontal.
Sphenoid.
Ethmoid.
Maxilla.
Tempora
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14
Q

what is the significance of pneumatic bones

A

reduce the weight of the skull
maintain humidity of inspired air
give resonance to voice
may get infected resulting in sinusitis

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15
Q

what are the bones seen in norma verticalis

A

upper part of frontal bone
upper most part of occipital bone
parietal bone on each side

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16
Q

what are the normal features seen on norma verticalis

A 
coronal suture 
bregma 
sagittal suture 
parietal foramen
lambdoid suture 
vertex 
vault of the skull
anterior fontanelle 
posterior fontanelle
parietal tuber 
obelion
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17
Q

what is significance of parietal tuber

A

common site of fracture

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18
Q

what is metopic suture and its significance

A

suture between two frontal bones

allows the clinician to determine that it is not a fracture

19
Q

what is the location of anterior and posterior fontanelles and the age in which they disappear

A

anterior - bregma - 18- 24 months

posterior - lambda - 2- 3 months

20
Q

what are the bones seen in norma occipitalis

A

parietal bones
temporal bones
occipital bone
intraparietal/ inca bone

21
Q

what are the sutures seen in occipital bones

A 
sagittal suture 
lambdoid suture 
lambda 
pareital foramen 
occipitomastoid suture 
parietomastoid suture 
asterion
22
Q

what are the feature other than bones and sutures seen on norma occipitalis

A 
external occipital protuberance 
inion 
highest nuchal line
superior nuchal lines 
inferior nuchal line 
occipital point 
mastoid process
mastoid foramen
23
Q

which bones are seen in norma frontalis

A 
frontal 
temporal bone 
parietal bone 
nasal
ethmoid  
zygomatic 
maxilla 
mandible
24
Q

name the regions of norma frontalis

A

frontal region
orbital region and bony socket
nasal region and aperture
lower part of face

25
Q

describe the feature of frontal region of norma frontalis

A 
super ciliary arch 
glabella 
supra orbital notch 
supra orbital foramen 
frontal eminence/ tuber
26
Q

describe the feature of the orbital region and bony socket of norma frontalis

A 
supra orbital margin 
infra orbital margin 
medial orbital margin 
lateral orbital margin 
lesser wing or sphenoid bone 
greater wing of sphenoid bone 
lacrimal bone ethmoid bone 
supra orbital fissure 
optic canal 
infra orbital fissure
infra orbital groove 
fossa for lacrimal sac 
infra orbital foramen
27
Q

describe the feature of nasal region and aperture of norma frontalis

A 
nasion 
frontonasal suture 
internasal suture 
nasomaxillary suture 
rhinion
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone 
vomer 
middle nasal concha 
inferior nasal concha 
piriform aperture 
anterior nasal spine
28
Q

describe the feature of lower part of the norma frontalis except mandible

A 
maxillary process 
nasomaxillary suture 
frontomaxillary suture 
lacrimomaxillary suture 
intermaxillary suture
zygomatic process of maxillary bone
zygomaticomaxillary suture 
zygomaticofacial foramen 
alveolar process 
canine fossa 
incisive fossa
29
Q

describe the mandible of norma frontalis

A 
symphysis menti 
mental foramen 
mental tubercle 
mental protuberance 
mental point/gnathion
30
Q

which bones are seen in norma lateralis

A 
frontal
occipital 
parietal
temporal 
sphenoid
zygomatic 
nasal 
lacrimal 
maxilla
mandible
31
Q

describe the features of norma lateralis

A 
superior temporal line 
inferior temporal line 
squamous suture 
sphenoparietal suture 
sphenofrontal suture 
pterion
sphenosquamous suture
frontozygomatic suture
frontolacrimal suture
nasolacrimal suture
zygomaticofacial foramen 
infraorbital foramen 
temporal fossa
temporal process of zygomatic bonne 
zygomatic process of temporal bone
anterior and posterior root of zygomatic process
parietomastoid suture
supra mastoid crest 
suprameatal triangle
lambdoid suture
asterion
external acoustic meatus
suprameatal spine  
typanic place 
squamotympanic fissure 
mandibular fossa 
postglenoid tubercle 
articular tubercle 
mastoid process 
styloid process
infraorbital foramen 
ramus of mandible 
mental foramen 
mental tubercle
32
Q

when does the posterolateral and anterolateral fontanelles close

A

12 months

6 months

33
Q

what is the clinical significance of pterion

A

thin part of skull

in RTAs anterior division of middle meningeal artery may rupture

clot formation between skull and dura matter/ extradural hemorrhage

motor area of the brain compresses leading to paralysis of the opposite side

clot must be sucked out immediatley by trephining

34
Q

describe the anterior part of normal basalis

A 
incisive fossa 
median incisive foramen 
lateral incisive foramen 
intermaxillary suture
palatine process of maxillary bone 
alveolar process of maxillary bone 
palatomaxillary suture 
interpalatine suture
horizontal plate of palatine bone
greater palatine foramen 
lesser palatine foramen 
palatine crest 
posterior nasal spine 
pyramidal process of palatine bone
35
Q

describe the middle portion of norma basalis

A 
infraorbital fissure 
posterior part of vomer 
rostrum of sphenoid 
horizontal plate of palatine bone 
perpendicular plate of palatine bone
sphenoidal process of palatine bone 
palatinovaginal canal
vaginal process of sphenoid
vomerovaginal canal 
middle pterygoid plates of greater wing of sphenoid bone) 
lateral pterygoid plates of greater wing of sphenoid bone)
pterygoid Hamulus
pterygoid fossa
scaphoid fossa
pharyngeal tubercle  
infratemporal fissure
pterygomaxillary fissure
foramen Vesalius 
foramen ovale
foramen lacerum 
foramen spinosum 
canaliculus innominatus 
sulcus tubae
carotid canal 
squamotympanic fissure
petrotympanic fissure
36
Q

describe the posterior portion of norma basalis

A 
foramen magnum 
externa occipital crest 
external occipital protuberance 
highest nuchal line
super nuchal line 
inferior nuchal line

jugular foramen
styloid process
stylomastoid foramen
mastoid process

carotid canal
tympanic canaliculus 
hypoglossal/ anterior condylar canal
jugular foramen
mastoid canaliculus  
jugular process
occipital condyles
condylar/posterior condylar canal
condylar fossa
37
Q

name the three fossa of cranial vault

A

anterior
middle
cranial

38
Q

what are the boundaries of anterior fossa

A

by frontal bone frontally and frontolaterally

by anterior part of body of sphenoid bone posteriorly and posterolateral

39
Q

which bones are present in anterior cranial fossa

A 
frontal bone (orbital plate)
ethmoid bone (cereibriform) 
sphenoid bone (jugum sphenoidale)
40
Q

frontal crest is an attachment site for what and define it

A

faux cerebri

sheet of dura matter which separates the two cerebral hemispheres

41
Q

describe the features of anterior cranial fossa

A 
frontal crest
foramen cecum
crista gali 
anterior ethmoid foramen 
cerebriform plate of ethmoid bone
frontoethmoidal suture 
posterior ethmoid foramen
orbital plate of frontal bone

sulcus chiasmaticus
anterior chlinoid process

42
Q

what are the bones seen in middle cranial fossa

A

grater wing of spehnoid
quamous and petrous part of temporal
parietal

43
Q

describe the boundaries of middle cranial fossa

A

posterior border of lesser wing of sphenoid bone
anterior clinoid process
anterior margin of sulcus chiasmaticus

superior border of petrous temporal bone
dormum sallae of sphenoid bone

greater wing of sphenoid
anteroinferior angle of parietal bone
squamous temporal bone

CBA-2 (9 decks)

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