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A&D - Upper Limbs > Gross Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How can the skeleton be divided into two major parts?

A
  • axial (head + neck + trunk)

* appendicular (upper +lower limbs)

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2
Q

What are the upper limb joints between the appendicular + axial skeleton?

A
  • sterno-clavicular (true)

* scapulo-thoracic (virtual)

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3
Q

What are the different regions of the upper limb?

A
  • pectoral girdle
  • arm
  • forearm
  • hand
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4
Q

What are the bones of the pectoral girdle?

A
  • clavicle

* scapula

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5
Q

What are the bones of the arm?

A

• humerus

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6
Q

What are the bones of the forearm?

A
  • radius

* ulna

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7
Q

What are the bones of the hands?

A
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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8
Q

What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

thoracic wall of the trunk at manubrium

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9
Q

What does lateral end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

scapular acromion

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10
Q

What thoracic wall do the scapula lie against?

A

posterolateral

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11
Q

What does the acromion of the scapula articulate with?

A

clavicle

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12
Q

What does the glenoid fossa of the scapula articulate with?

A

humoral head (proximal end of the humerus bone)

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13
Q

What does humerus superiourly articulate with?

A

glenoid fossa of the scapula to form shoulder joint

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14
Q

What does the humerus inferiorly articulate with?

A

radius + ulna to form the elbow joint

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15
Q

What do the proximal ends of the forearm bones articulate with?

A

condyles of the humerus

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16
Q

What do the distal ends of the forearm bones articulate with?

A

carpal bones of the wrist

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17
Q

What are the radius and ulna connected by?

A

interosseus membrane between the shafts

18
Q

What are the sets of bones in the wrist + hands?

A
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
19
Q

How many carpal bones? How are they organised?

A

8, distal + proximal rows

20
Q

Name the distal row of carpal bones (from R to U)

A
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate
21
Q

Name the proximal row of carpal bones (from R to U)

A
  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • triquetrum
  • pisiform
22
Q

How are the metacarpals organised?

A

1st to 5th from R to U

23
Q

How are the phalanges organised?

A

3 rows : distal, medial, proximal (except thumb, has 2)

24
Q

What do the proximal row of carpals articulate with?

A

distal ends of R+U, except pisiform

25
Q

What do the distal row of carpals articulate with?

A

metacarpals

26
Q

What are muscle compartments?

A

muscles with:
• same distinct function
• same nerve supply + same blood supply

27
Q

What are the 7 muscle compartments of the upper limb?

A
  • Pectoral girdle
  • Intrinsic shoulder
  • Anterior arm - flexors
  • Posterior arm - extensors
  • Anterior forearm - flexors
  • Posterior forearm - extensors
  • Intrinsic hand
28
Q

What muscles act on the shoulder?

A
  • pectoral girdle muscles (anterior + posterior axio-appendicular)
  • intrinsic shoulder muscles (scapulohumeral muscles)
29
Q

What are the pectoral girdle muscles?

A
  • trapezius
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
30
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A
  • deltoid
  • teres major
  • rotator cuff muscles
31
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis (not visible in posterior view due to being attached to deep surface of scapula)
32
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A
  • acts to move humerus at shoulder joint

* v important in stabilising shoulder joint - holds humeral head to glenoid fossa

33
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the arm?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
  • brachialis
34
Q

What are the origins / proximal attachments of the biceps brachii?

A
  • short head : coracoid process

* long head : supraglenoid tubercle

35
Q

What muscles are originate from the coracoid process?

A
  • pectoralis minor
  • short head of biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
36
Q

What are the muscles of the extensor / posterior compartment of the arm?

A
  • triceps brachii

* anconeus

37
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor / posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve

38
Q

What are the 3 branches of the triceps brachii?

A
  • lateral head
  • medial head
  • long head
39
Q

What is the distal attachment / insertion of the triceps?

A

olecranon process of the ulna

40
Q

What are the proximal attachments / origins of the triceps?

A
  • lateral head :
  • medial head :
  • long head :
41
Q

What is the distal attachment / insertion of the biceps?

A

radial tuberosity

A&D - Upper Limbs (1 decks)

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