Gross Analysis

Question 1

normal csf volume for:
adults
neonates

Answer 1

a: 90-150mL
n: 10-60 mL

Question 2

normal csf appearance

Answer 2

crystal clear

Question 3

what can be seen in hazy/ turbid/ milky/ cloudy csf sample?

Answer 3

> 20/uL WBCs
400/uL RBCs
Microorganisms
Proteins
Lipids

Question 4

hazy/ turbid/ milky/ cloudy csf sample can be noted in what condition?

Answer 4

infection and meningitis

Question 5

abnormal discoloration of csf

Answer 5

XANTHOCHROMIA

Question 6

main reason of xanthochromia

Answer 6

presence of RBC degradation products

Question 7

in xanthochromia, pink sample has slight amount of _

Answer 7

oxyhemoglobin

Question 8

in xanthochromia, what color of sample has heavy hemolysis?

Answer 8

orange

Question 9

in xanthochromia, yellow discoloration happens due to conversion of oxyhemoglobin to _?

Answer 9

bilirubin

Question 10

presence of bilirubin in csf is termed

Answer 10

BILIRACHIA

Question 11

xanthochromia can also be seen in the presence / increased of?

Answer 11

protein (>150mg/dL) = damage in BBB
melanin = meningeal melanosarcoma
karotene = hypervitaninosis A
anti-TB drugs (rifampicin)
anti-septic contamination (iodine)

Question 12

increased protein in csf can result to what color of discoloration?

Answer 12

yellowish due to damage in BBB

Question 13

presence of melanin in csf can result to what color of discoloration?

Answer 13

brownish due to meningeal melanosarcoma

Question 14

presence of karotene in csf can result to what color of discoloration?

Answer 14

orange due to hypervitaminosis A

Question 15

vitamin A precursor

Answer 15

karotene

Question 16

rifampicin can result to what color of csf discoloration?

Answer 16

red orange

Question 17

iodine can result to what color of csf discoloration?

Answer 17

yellowish

Question 18

bloody csf has _ amount of RBC

Answer 18

> 600/uL

Question 19

two reasons for bloody csf

Answer 19

• traumatic tap
• intracranial hemorrhage

Question 20

distribution of blood in:
traumatic tap
intracranial hemorrhage

Answer 20

TT: UNEVEN 1>2>3
IH: EVEN 1=2=3

Question 21

clot formation in bloody csf is possible to?

Answer 21

traumatic tap

Question 22

supernatant appearance of TT & IH

Answer 22

tt: clear
ih: xanthochromic

Question 23

intracranial hemorrhage is positive in :

Answer 23

Erythrophages (Hemosiderin, Hematoidin crystals)
D-dimer

Question 24

oily csf can be seen in

Answer 24

radiographic contrast media

Question 25

in meningitis, froin syndrome, blockage of csf circulation, and traumatic tap has _ csf

Answer 25

clotted

Question 26

froin syndrome has combination of

Answer 26

Xanthochromia,↑ protein, and hypercoagulability

Question 27

can be seen in tubercular meningitis and if sample is refrigerated overnight

Answer 27

pellicle (web-like)

Question 28

viscosity of normal csf

Answer 28

water-like

Question 29

viscous csf can be seen in

Answer 29

Metastatic mucin-producing adenocarcinoma

Cryptococcal meningitis (Polysaccharide capsule contributes to the viscosity)

Liquid Nucleus Pulposus