Grignard Reagents Flashcards
Formula of Grignard reagents and role
R-MgX, have delta minus carbon atom which acts as nucleophile to add R group to a molecule with C=O as attacks delta positive C of other molecules to increase carbon chain lengths
How to make Grignard reagent
Heat under reflux halogenoalkane and magnesium in dry ether
Reaction of Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide and conditions
CO2 bubbled through/solid CO2 (dry ice) added to Grignard reagent in dry ether followed by dilute acid for hydrolysis
-makes carboxylic acid with one more carbon than og Grignard reagent and Mg(OH)I/Br
Reaction of Grignard reagent with methanal and conditions
Methanal gas passed into the solution of Grignard and dry ether then mixture hydrolysed with dilute HCl
-first nucleophilic addition then hydrolysis
-to make primary alcohol and Mg(OH)I/Br
Grignard reagent and water, conditions and what type of reaction
React with water to produce alkanes in nucleophilic substitution
Reaction with Grignard reagent and other aldehydes and conditions
In dry ether followed by addition of dilute acid for hydrolysis
-form secondary alcohols and Mg(OH)I/Br
Reaction between Grignard reagents and ketones and conditions
-in dry ether followed by addition of dilute acid for hydrolysis
-form tertiary alcohol and Mg(OH)I/Br
Process of reactions with Grignard reagent
Intermediate salt forms with OMgX due to breaking of double C=O to form single, salt has R group attached to C of C=O, then in hydrolysis with dilute HCl the MgX removed and H+ added from acid to make alcohol
What do Grignard reagents react with water to produce
Alkanes and hydroxymagnesium bromide
How to make 3-methyl butanoic acid
Carbon dioxide and 2-methylpropylmagnesium bromide
How to make propan-1-ol
Methanal and ethylmagnesium bromide
How to make pentan-2-ol
Ethanal and propylmagnesium bromide
How to make 2-methylpropan-2-ol
Methylmagnesium bromide and propanone
