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Grief > Grief > Flashcards

Grief Flashcards

1
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of human behavior

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2
Q

psyche

A

mind

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3
Q

-logy

A

study of

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4
Q

funeral service psychology

A

the study of human behavior as related to funeral service

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5
Q

mourning

A

“the process” - an adjustment process which involves grief and/or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved.

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6
Q

grief

A

“the emotion” - an emotion or set of emotions due to a loss

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7
Q

bereavement

A

“the event” - the experience of the emotion of grief….a state of deprivation of something valuable.

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8
Q

thanatology

A

the study of death

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9
Q

thanos

A

death

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10
Q

phobia

A

fear

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11
Q

thanatophopbia

A

an irrational, exaggerated fear of death

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12
Q

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

A

physician worked with hospice patients; identified “five stages” a terminally ill person and the family experiences; she wrote “On Death and Dying”

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13
Q

Five Stages of Death & Dying

A
  1. denial & isolation
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. depression
  5. acceptance
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14
Q

Erich Lindemann

A
  • chief of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1944
  • worked with families who lost loved ones in the Coconut Grove fire
  • first professional to describe “anticipatory grief”
  • wrote “Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief”
  • introduced the “Grief Syndrome”
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15
Q

Grief Syndrome

A
  1. somatic or bodily distress of some type
  2. preoccupation with the image of the deceased
  3. guilt relating to the deceased or circumstances of the death
  4. hostile reactions
  5. inability to function as before the loss
  6. may develop traits of the behavior of the deceased
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16
Q

John Bowlby

A

a British psychiatrist who devoted much of his professional career to understanding attachment - what it is and how it develops; noted for the “Attachment Theory”

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17
Q

Attachment Theory

A

attachements come from a need for security and safety; situations that endanger the bond of attachment give rise to emotional reactions; the greater the potential for loss, the more intense the reaction

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18
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • wrote the paper “Mourning and Melancholia” in 1917 in which he pointed out that depression, which he called “melancholia,” was a pathological form of normal grief
  • he came up with the concept of “grief work” which implies that the mourner needs to take action
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19
Q

C.M. Parkes Phases of Mourning

A
  1. period of numbness
  2. phase of yearning
  3. phase of disorganization and despair
  4. phase of reorganized behavior
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20
Q

J. William Worden

A
  • a psychiatrist who wrote “Grief Counseling & Grief Therapy
  • participated in the “Harvard Bereavement Study” which indicated the mourning is necessary for all who have experienced loss through death.
  • identified the “Four Tasks of Mourning”
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21
Q

Worden’s Four Tasks of Mourning

A
  1. to accept the reality of the loss
  2. to work through the pain of grief
  3. to adjust to an environment in which the deceased is missing
  4. to emotionally relocate the deceased and move on with life
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22
Q

normal grief

A

uncomplicated grief

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23
Q

manifestations of normal grief

A

behaviors, feelings, physical sensations, cognitions

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24
Q

abnormal (complicated, unresolved) grief

A

grief extending over a long period of time without resolution

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25
Q

acute grief

A

the intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant.

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26
Q

adaption

A

the individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful even such as the death of a significant other

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27
Q

affect

A

feelings and their expression

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28
Q

aftercare (post-funeral counseling)

A

those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that comes after the funeral

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29
Q

aggression

A

the intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another

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30
Q

A.I.D.S.

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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31
Q

alienation

A

the state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable

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32
Q

alternatives

A

providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis

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33
Q

anger

A

blame directed towards another person

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34
Q

anomic grief

A

a term to describe the experience of grief, especially in you bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience, typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal the the dying and the dead.

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35
Q

anticipatory grief

A

syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition.

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36
Q

anxiety

A

a state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the automatic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen

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37
Q

at need counseling

A

a death has occurred and the funeral director is advising the family from the time death occurs until the final disposition including selection of the services and merchandise during the arrangement conference

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38
Q

attachment (Bowlby)

A

the tendency in human beings to make strong affectionate bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety

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39
Q

attending (listening)

A

giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior

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40
Q

attitude

A

a learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way

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41
Q

bereavement

A

the act or event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief

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42
Q

chronic grief

A

excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion

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43
Q

cognitive psychology

A

from the Latin, “to know”. The study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes

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44
Q

committal service

A

the rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment or burial at sea

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45
Q

communication

A

a general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of the interchange

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46
Q

congruence

A

according to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and other’s perception of oneself

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47
Q

coping

A

characteristic ways of responding to stress

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48
Q

counselee

A

the individual seeking assistance or guidance

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49
Q

counseling (Webster)

A

advice, especially that given as a result of consultation

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50
Q

counseling (Jackson)

A

any time someone helps someone else with a problem

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51
Q

counseling (Rogers)

A

good communication within and between men/women; or, good (free) communication within or between men/women is always therapeutic

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52
Q

counseling (Ohlsen)

A

a therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. Do not confuse this with psychotherapy which is treatment for emotionally disturbed persons who seek or are referred for assistance with pathological problems. A counselor’s clients are encouraged to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or characterological disorders.

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53
Q

counselor

A

the individual providing assistance and guidance

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54
Q

crisis

A

a highly emotional temporary state in which an individual’s feeling of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his/her ability to act

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55
Q

crisis counseling

A

interventions for a highly emotional temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation

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56
Q

death anxiety

A

a learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension

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57
Q

defense mechanism

A

an unconscious, irrational means used by ego to defend against anxiety

58
Q

delayed grief (Worden)

A

inhibited suppressed or postponed response to a loss

59
Q

denial

A

the defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self.

60
Q

directive counseling

A

counselor takes an active speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc.

61
Q

discrimination

A

treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical

62
Q

displaced aggression

A

redirecting anger toward a person or object that one who caused the anger originally

63
Q

displacement

A

redirection of emotion to other targets

64
Q

disenfranchised grief

A

loss of relationship not socially sanctioned; socially negated losses; socially unspeakable losses

65
Q

Dyad

A

2 units regarded as a pair. Ex. husband and wife

66
Q

ego defense mechanism

A

unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety

67
Q

emotion(s)

A

feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes

68
Q

emotional expression

A

the outward expression or display of mood or feeling states

69
Q

empathy (Wolfelt)

A

the ability to perceive another’s experience and communicate that perception back to the person

70
Q

euthanasia (right to die)

A

an act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition

71
Q

exaggerated grief (Worden)

A

persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling

72
Q

facilitate

A

to assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary

73
Q

fear

A

strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread or disquieting

74
Q

focusing

A

centering a client’s thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem

75
Q

frustration

A

the state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle

76
Q

funeral rite

A

an organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time-limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity and respect.

77
Q

funeral service psychology

A

the study of human behavior as related to funeral service

78
Q

genuineness (Wolfelt)

A

the ability to present oneself sincerely

79
Q

goals

A

adjustment, motivational in nature, to be achieved

80
Q

grief

A

an emotion or set of emotions due to loss

81
Q

grief counseling

A

helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame

82
Q

grief syndrome (Lindemann)

A

a set of symptoms associated with loss

83
Q

grief therapy (Worden)

A

specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief

84
Q

grief work (Lindemann)

A

a set of symptoms associated with loss

85
Q

guidance

A

support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems

86
Q

guilt

A

blame directed toward one’s self based on real or unreal conditions

87
Q

homicide

A

the killing of one human being by another

88
Q

hospice

A

historically an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition

89
Q

illustrating

A

detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counsel, from which a course or action can be selected

90
Q

informational counseling

A

counseling in which a counselor share a body of special information with a counselee

91
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

social attraction to another person

92
Q

living will

A

a document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death within a relatively short time, and which such person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment

93
Q

masked grief (Worden)

A

occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss.

94
Q

mitigation

A

any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief

95
Q

motivation

A

the process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs

96
Q

mourning

A

an adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone beloved

97
Q

non-verbal communication

A

that which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by means except verbally

98
Q

option

A

choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee’s problem

99
Q

panic

A

a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear

100
Q

paraphrasing

A

expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes shortened form

101
Q

personality

A

a relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual

102
Q

person centered (client centered) counseling

A

a phrase coined by Carl Rogers to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrounding his/her own responsibility of the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health.

103
Q

persuasion

A

a deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs with information and arguments

104
Q

positive regard

A

according to Carl Rogers, accepting the client/counselee as he/she is, without imposing judgements or stipulations

105
Q

prejudice

A

negative attitude towards others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group

106
Q

pre-need counseling

A

that counseling which occurs before a death

107
Q

projection

A

attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings or behaviors to someone else

108
Q

psychiatrist

A

a medical doctor with a specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

109
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

110
Q

psychotherapy (Jackson)

A

intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness.

111
Q

rapport

A

a relation of harmony, conformity, accord or affinity established in any human interaction

112
Q

rationalization

A

supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action

113
Q

regression

A

returning to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping

114
Q

resistance

A

an adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy or self-esteem

115
Q

respect (Wolfelt)

A

the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

116
Q

restitution

A

according to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present, and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to acceptance

117
Q

ritual

A

any act charged with symbolic content

118
Q

searching

A

preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased

119
Q

shame

A

the assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others

120
Q

shock

A

the reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent and upsetting disturbance

121
Q

situational counseling

A

related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of counseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises

122
Q

social comparison

A

making judgments about ourselves through comparison with others

123
Q

social facilitation

A

a phenomenon that occurs when an individual’s performance improves because of the presence of others

124
Q

stress

A

the mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment

125
Q

stressor

A

any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress

126
Q

sublimation

A

redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes

127
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death

128
Q

suicide

A

deliberate act of self-destruction

129
Q

suicide gesture

A

an unsuccessful attempt made by a person to end his/her own life

130
Q

suicide ideation

A

thoughts pertaining to ending one’s own life

131
Q

summary

A

a brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session

132
Q

suppression

A

a conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns

133
Q

survivor guilt

A

guilt felt by survivors

134
Q

sympathy

A

sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss

135
Q

thanatology

A

study of death

136
Q

thanatophobia

A

an irrational, exaggerated fear of death

137
Q

threat

A

a statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual’s life

138
Q

unconscious

A

the region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person

139
Q

verbal communication

A

spoken, oral communication

140
Q

warmth and caring (Wolfelt)

A

the ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and nonverbal behaviors

Grief (4 decks)

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