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MM & HT > Green Herbs To Learn > Flashcards

Green Herbs To Learn Flashcards

1
Q

Willow Latin name, family, body system

A

Salix alba
Salicaceae
MSK

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2
Q

Salix alba:
Parts used
Actions
indications

A

Cortex (bark)
Actions: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory
Indications: Osteoarthritis,
Tendonitis

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3
Q

Salix alba cautions & contraindications

A

Pregnancy, lactation, alongside NSAID’s

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4
Q

Salix alba constituent and mechanism of action

A

Phenolic glycosides = salicylates & salicin.
They are metabolised in the body to create salicylic acid, which has anti-inflammatory and Analgesic effect.

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5
Q

What 6 key herbs are for the MSK system?

A

Equisetum arvense - horsetail
Ganoderma lucidum - Reishi
Harpagophytum procumbens - Devils Claw
Hericium erinaceus - Lions mane
Salix spp. - Willow
Symphytum officinale - Comfrey

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6
Q

Equisetum arvense
part used
family
actions & indications
caution / contra

A

Horsetail
Herba
Equisetaceae
Anti-inflammatory, Connective tissue tonic, nutritive blood tonic
Osteoporosis, broken bones
Possible allergic reaction

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7
Q

Ganoderma lucidum part used and contraindication

A

Fruiting body
Autoimmune diseases

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8
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens part used and constituent

A

Radix
Harpagoside

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9
Q

Hericium erinaceus part used and constituent

A

Fruiting body
Hericium

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10
Q

Salix spp. part used and constituent

A

Cortex
Salicin

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11
Q

Symphytum officinale
part used
family
actions & indications
constituent
mechanism of action

A

Radix, Folia
Boraginaceae
Antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary
Joint pain, broken bones, arthritis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

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12
Q

What are the 6 key herbs for the CVS

A

Aesculus hippocastanum - Horse chestnut
Convallaria majalis - Lily of the valley
Crataegus spp - Hawthorn
Curcuma longa - Tumeric
Ginkgo biloba - maidenhair tree
Salvia miltiorrhiza - red sage

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13
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum part used and constituent

A

Semen
Escin

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14
Q

Convallaria majalis part used and constituent

A

Radix, Herba
Convallatoxin

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15
Q

Crataegus part used and constituent

A

Folia, Flox, Fruct
OPC’s

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16
Q

Curcuma longa
part used
family
actions & indication
caution / conta
constituent

A

Rhizome
zingiberaceae
antiangina, antioxidant
cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis
Caution - obstruction of the biliary tract
Curcumin

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17
Q

Ginkgo biloba
part used
family
actions & indications
caution / contra
constituent

A

Folia
Ginkgoaceae
Vasoprotective, venotonic, vasodilator
Arteriosclerosis, poor circulation, Raynauds
Contraindicated in schitzophrenia
Bilobalides

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18
Q

Salvia miltiorrhiza
part used
family
actions & indications
contraindication
constituent

A

Radix
Lamiaceae
Antiarrhythmic, cardioprotective
Angina, congestive heart failure
Contra - Pregnancy
Diterpene diketones

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19
Q

What are the 6 key herbs for the RS?

A

Allium sativum - Garlic
Andrographis paniculata - Andrographis
Echinacea purpurea or angustifolia - Coneflower
Ephedra sinica - Ephedra
Inula helenium - Elecampane
Lobelia inflata - puke weed

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20
Q

Allium sativum
part used
family
action & indication
caution / contra
constituent

A

Bulbus
Liliaceae
Antimicrobial, antiviral, mucolytic
Bronchitis, cattarh, colds, flus
contra - Warfarin
Alliin - gets excreted through the lungs

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21
Q

Andrographic paniculata
part used
family
action & indication
contraindication
constituent

A

Herba
Acanthaceae
Antiviral, Immunomodulator
Bronchitis, respiratory tract infection
Possible allergic reaction, Pregnancy
Andrographolides

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22
Q

Echinacea part used and constituent

A

Radix, Herba
Alkylamides

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23
Q

Ephedra sinica part used and constituent

A

Herba
Ephedrine

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24
Q

Inula helenium part used and constituent

A

Radix
Helonin

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25
Q

Lobelia inflata part used and contra

A

Herba, Semen
Pregnancy and lactation

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26
Q

Which 5 key herbs are for the GIT system

A

Aloe vera - Aloe
Silybum marianum - Milk thistle
Filipendula ulmaria - Meadowsweet
Matricaria chamomilla - German chamomile
Ulmus rubra - Slippery elm

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27
Q

Aloe vera part used and contra

A

Folia
Lactation

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28
Q

Silbum marianum part used and constituent

A

Semen
Silymarin

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29
Q

Filipendula ulmaria part used and constituent

A

Herba
Salicylates

30
Q

Matricaria chamomilla part used and constituent

A

Flos
Chamazulene

31
Q

Ulmus rubra part used and contra

A

Cortex
Intestinal obstruction

32
Q

What are the 6 key herbs for the US

A

Achillea millefolium - yarrow
Agathosma betulina - Buchu
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - Bearberry
Parietaria judaica - Pellitory of the wall
Epilobium parviflorum - Hoary small-flowered willow herb
Vaccinium macrocarpon - Cranberry

33
Q

Achillea millefolium parts used and constituent

A

Herba
Azulene

34
Q

Agathosma betulina parts used and contraindication

A

Folia
Pregnancy

35
Q

Arcostaphylos uva-ursi part used and constituent

A

Folia
Arbutin

36
Q

Parietaria judaica part used

A

Radix, Herba

37
Q

Epilobium parviflorum part used and constituent

A

Herba
Oenothein B

38
Q

Vaccinium macrocarpon part used and constituent

A

Fructus
Proanthocyanidins

39
Q

Crataegus monogyna, C. Laevigata
Parts used
Actions & Indications

A

Folia, flos, fructus
Actions: Cardiovascular trophorestorative, blood pressure modulator
Indications: High & Low b.p, Arteriosclerosis

40
Q

Hawthorn latin name, family, body system

A

Crategus spp.
Rosaceae
CVS

41
Q

Crataegus cautons/contra

A

High b.p. medications & pregnancy

42
Q

Crataegus constituent and mechanism

A

OPC’s - they increase the myocardial contractility via its positive intotropic action, via inhibition of the sarcolemmal sodium pump

43
Q

Convallaria majalis
Family
parts used
actions & indications
Body system

A

Radix & herba
Asparagaceae
Negatively chronotropic, positively inotropic, cardiac tonic
Angina, heart failure, heart failure
CVS

44
Q

Convallaria majalis caution / contra

A

Those on beta blockers
Those on digitalis/digoxin due to additive effect

45
Q

Convallaria majalis constituent and mechanism of action

A

Cardiac glycosides = convallatoxin
Which has a PI effect on the heart, enhancing cardiac contracility.

46
Q

Lobelia inflata part used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Herba & Semen
Campanulaceae
Respiratory stimulant, bronchial relaxant
Bronchitis, emphysema
RS

48
Q

Lobelia inflata constituent and mechanism

A

Piperidine alkaloids = lobeline
Inhibits the release of catecholamines from adrenal glands, stimulates the release of prostacyclin from the lungs which helps maintain normal breathing under stress

48
Q

Lobelia inflata caution / contra

A

All cardiac diseases.
Overdose = nausea, vomitting.

49
Q

Ephedra sinica
Part used
Family
Actions & Indications
Body system

A

Herba
Ephedraceae
Bronchodilator, respiratory spasmolytic
Bronchial asthma, hay-fever
RS

50
Q

Ephedra sinica caution / contra

A

Pregnancy & lactation
Overdose = anxiety, dry mouth, tachycardia

51
Q

Ephedra sinica constituent & mechanism

A

Alkaloids - ephedrine
Is strongly sympathomimetic which causes a bronchodilatory action, improving breathing. It also prevents vasodilation making it beneficial for allergies and hay-fever.

52
Q

Inula helenium
parts used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Radix/Rhizoma
Asteraceae
Stimulating expectorant, bronchospasmolytic
Bronchitis, respiratory infections
RS

53
Q

Inula helenium caution / contra

A

Asteraceae allergy. Pregnancy

54
Q

Inula helenium constituent and mechanism

A

Inulin & essential oils. Helenin.
Mucilage from inulin has a relaxing effect on the RS whereas the E.Os create stimulation = soothing irritation and promoting expectoration.
The E.Os also have an antiseptic action to fight infection.

55
Q

Actostaphylos uva-ursi
parts used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Bearberry
Folia
Ericaceae
Diuretic, urinary antiseptic
Bladder & kidney infections, cystitis, dysuria
US

56
Q

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cautions / contra

A

Kidney disorders, pregnancy, lactation

57
Q

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi constituent and mechanism

A

Hydroquinone glycoside = arbutin
E.coli in cystitis can absorb the arbutin metabolites, and convert them to hydroquinone in their own cells. The hydroquinone damages the bacterial cells of e.coli by destabalising its membranes.

58
Q

Agathosma betulina
parts used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Buchu
Folia when in flower
Rutaceae
Diuretic, antispasmodic, urinary antiseptic
Cystitis, urethritis
US

59
Q

Agathosma betulina contra / caution

A

Kidney diseases
pregnancy

60
Q

Agathosma betulina constituent and mechanism

A

E.O = diosphenol
Provides it with the antiseptic action by disinfecting the urine

61
Q

Achillea millefolium
part used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Yarrow
Herba in flower
Asteraceae
Diuretic, astringent
UTI’s, urinary incontinence
US

62
Q

Achillea millefolium contra / caution

A

Asteraceae allergy, pregnancy

63
Q

Achillea millefolium constituent and mechanism

A

Tannins
Provide it with its astringent quality which tightens urinary muscles, alleviating incontinence

64
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum
part used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Semen
Sapindaceae
Venotonic, circulatory tonic
venous insufficiency, varicous veins
CVS

65
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum caution / contra

A

Those on anticoagulants
Pregnancy

66
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum constituent and mechanism

A

Saponins = Aescin
Improves entry of ions into channels which raises venous tension, strengthens blood vessel walls and increases elasticity. This improves blood and venous return.

67
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens
part used
family
actions & indications
body system

A

Devils claw
Radix
Pediliaceae
Anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic
Rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis
MSK

68
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens caution / contra

A

Pregnancy & lactation
Gastric ulcers

69
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens constituent and mechanism

A

Iridoid glycoside = harpagoside
which reduces inflammation in the joints

70
Q

Equisetum arvense constituent and mechanism

A

Silicon - important mineral for the healing of bones, ligaments and tendons. Works by promoting the activity of osteoblasts (cells which play a key role in the formation of new bone) whilst also reducing the activity of osteoclasts (cells which break down bone).

MM & HT (5 decks)

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