green generation

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of individuals of the same species occupying a common geological area. only biotic factors

Question 2

community

Answer 2

two or more populations of different species occupying the same area. only biotic factors

Question 3

ecosystem

Answer 3

community level plus abiotic factors

Question 4

biosphere

Answer 4

portion of earth that contains living species. it includes the atmosphere, oceans, soils, & the physical & biological cycles that affect them

Question 5

niche

Answer 5

role an organism plays in the ecosystem

Question 6

fundamental niche

Answer 6

role a species could play if there were no limiting factors – species had access to any biotic or abiotic factor

Question 7

realized niche

Answer 7

actual role a species plays after taking into account limiting factors

Question 8

mutualism

Answer 8

both species benefit

Question 9

obligate mutualism

Answer 9

one species can’t survive without the other & is forced into a mutualistic relationship

Question 10

facultative mutualism

Answer 10

both organisms can survive on their own but gain benefits from living with the other organism

Question 11

commensalism

Answer 11

one species is unaffected & the other benefits

Question 12

ammensalism

Answer 12

one species is unaffected & the other is harmed

Question 13

parasitism

Answer 13

one species is harmed & the other benefits

Question 14

apparent

Answer 14

indirect competition between species that share a natural predator

Question 15

exploitative

Answer 15

indirect competition between species fighting for the same limited resource

Question 16

interference

Answer 16

individuals directly alter the resource-attaining behavior of others through aggression & interference with the organism’s foraging, survival, & reproduction

Question 17

intraspecific

Answer 17

competition among same species for limited resources

Question 18

interspecific

Answer 18

competition among different species for the same resources

Question 19

type 1 curve

Answer 19

individuals that have a high probability of surviving earlier one, but have a decline in population in late life

Question 20

type 2 curve

Answer 20

individuals whose survival is independent of age. have few offspring & provide significant parental care.

Question 21

type 3 curve

Answer 21

individuals that usually die early in life. organisms have a lot of offspring at once & don’t provide much parental care. ex. fish & marine invertebrates

Question 22

gross primary productivity

Answer 22

rates at which producers capture energy via photosynthesis

Question 23

net primary productivity

Answer 23

gross primary productivity minus the energy needed for growth & metabolism

Question 24

energy pyramid

Answer 24

represents rate at which energy is transferred from one trophic level to another.

Question 25

keystone species

Answer 25

species that other species in an ecosystem largely depend on. removing them from the ecosystem would cause dramatic changes

Question 26

umbrella species

Answer 26

species used to make conservation-related decisions because protecting them indirectly protects other species

Question 27

flagship species

Answer 27

species chosen to act as a symbol for a cause

Question 28

indicator species

Answer 28

absence, presence, or abundance reflects the environmental conditions. used to diagnose health of an ecosystem

Question 29

generalist species

Answer 29

species with a broad niche. can survive in a variety of habitats

Question 30

r selected species

Answer 30

species that produce large amounts of offspring which results in exponential population growth. many offspring die before reaching a reproductive age. type III survivorship

Question 31

k selected species

Answer 31

species that have stable populations & produce low numbers of offspring. type I survivorship

Question 32

invasive species

Answer 32

organisms that native to a particular area

Question 33

precipitation

Answer 33

condensed water vapor falls to the earth’s surface.

Question 34

transpiration

Answer 34

water that has been absorbed by plants will evaporate through leaves as water vapor. about 10% of precipitation evaporates through transpiration

Question 35

evaporation

Answer 35

liquid water changes into water vapor

Question 36

condensation

Answer 36

transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in air, creating clouds & fog

Question 37

nitrogen fixation

Answer 37

bacteria converts N2 gas into ammonia (NH3)

Question 38

nitrification

Answer 38

nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrate (NO2-) then to nitrate (NO3-)

Question 39

assimilation

Answer 39

nitrate taken up from soil by plants is converted into proteins & nucleic acids

Question 40

ammonification

Answer 40

decomposing bacteria turns waste of dead plant or animal into ammonia

Question 41

denitrification

Answer 41

nitrogen re-enters the atmosphere. nitrate is converted into N2 gas

Question 42

carbon cycle step 1

Answer 42

CO2 enters the atmosphere through respiration & combustion

Question 43

carbon cycle step 2

Answer 43

CO2 is absorbed by plants to perform photosynthesis

Question 44

carbon cycle step 3

Answer 44

animals feed on plants which passes carbon along food chain

Question 45

carbon cycle step 4

Answer 45

when plant or animal dies, decomposers release CO2 & allow it to re-enter the atmosphere

Question 46

phosphorus cycle step 1

Answer 46

weathering & erosion allow phosphate salts to enter mix with the soil, which are then absorbed by plants

Question 47

phosphorus cycle step 2

Answer 47

phosphate moves through food chain as animals eat the plants

Question 48

phosphorus cycle step 3

Answer 48

when plants & animals die, phosphate is returned back to soil

Question 49

phosphorus cycle step 4

Answer 49

largest amount of phosphorus found in sedimentary rock