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1
Q

What is DCIM?

A

Data Center Infrastructure Monitoring

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2
Q

Statistics on ICT impacts - global, local, data center operations, PC devices, etc.

A

2011 US data centre energy bill

= $7.4 billion equivalent to 9.5 million households.

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3
Q

Statistics on ICT impacts

A

In 2011 the electricity consumption of all European data centres was equivalent to that of Portugal. By 2020 approx 25% of Europe’s electricity will be supplying I.T.

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4
Q

Statistics on ICT impacts

A

In 2012 $36 Billion was spent on powering and cooling the global installed server base.

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5
Q

Statistics on ICT impacts

A

Worldwide Energy consumption in data centres is growing at 12% CAGR.

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6
Q

Statistics on ICT impacts

A

A 1 MW data centre has a hydro-footprint of 66 million litres of water/annum

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7
Q

Statistic on ICT impacts

A
  • 82.5% of data centre failures caused by power outages

- 48% of the major data centre problems are due to power

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8
Q

What is a primary function of any DCIM?

A

<strong>Data Center Management & Control</strong>

<ul>
<li>Advanced Asset Information</li>
<li>Granular energy analysis at CRAC, PDU, Rack and server level.</li>
<li>Detailed reporting – Dashboards should be capable of providing different views for different stakeholders.</li>
<li>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) – Today’s data centres are prone to overheating, and CFD enables analysis of air flows to be made and for this analysis to show where hotspots are likely to occur. </li>
<li>2D and 3D data centre schematics –These schematics show floor plans and the 3-D architectural structure of the data centre. </li>
<li>Structured cabling management Information – many data centres, particularly those with raised floors, rapidly lose any structure to their cabling, as long cables are used where shorter ones would do, and any extra length is either looped or just pushed out of the way. Such lack of structure is not just messy, but it also impedes air flow.</li>
<li>Environmental sensor management.</li>
<li>Event management – A DCIM system in response to anomalous or threatening events such as excessive rack power demand can alarm the event and notify staff and possibly trigger a corrective response.</li>
</ul>

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9
Q

What are the components of a DCIM?

A 
<ol>
<li>Planning</li>
<li>Design</li>
<li>Operations</li>
<li>Monitoring</li>
<li>Predictive Analysis</li>
</ol>

<ol>
<li>Planning: Translate business needs into requirements</li>
<li>Design: Design infrastructure to meet data centre requirements</li>
<li>Operations: Enforce standard procedures
and processes</li>
<li>Monitoring: Real-time and historic data
to alert management of potential failures or risks</li>
<li>Predictive Analysis: Analyse key performance indicators (KPI’s) and future trends</li>
</ol>

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10
Q

How can you assess/justify the commercial value of a DCIM?

A

Quocirca have devised a 4-part methodology that produces a Total Value Proposition (TVP), a concept for establishing a business case and value proposition.

<ul>
<li>Stakeholders/Users:</li>
<li>Organisation:</li>
<li>Competitive Advantage:</li>
<li>Return on Investment/ Scorecards</li>
</ul>

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11
Q

Uptime Institute Survey in 2012, interviewed senior management in several hundred data centres to ascertain the main motives behind their initiatives to install DCIM platforms.What were the biggest reasons in order of biggest?

A

1) Power, Cooling and Capacity Issues.
2) Data centre consolidation:
3) Provisioning for new data centres:
4) Technical and architectural changes:
5) Environment and sustainability agenda:

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12
Q

The Uptime Institute survey investigated the reasons and perceived obstacles by the data centre community for their reluctance to adopt DCIM systems. What was mentioned?

A 
Too expensive
Too difficult to integrate
Too complex
Difficult populating assets database
Existing tools seen as sufficient
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13
Q

In 2012, the Data Centre Journal investigated a number of “failed” DCIM systems and found that there were five main reasons for the failures and gave the following recommendations to avoid them:

A

Lack of Planning
Misrepresentation by the Vendor
Ownership of the Process
Misconceptions of Upkeep Costs

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14
Q

What is the Data Center Maturity Model? (dcmm)

A

The Green Grid has developed the Data Centre Maturity Model (DCMM), which provides a road-map through incremental steps for improving energy efficiency and sustainability across all aspects of the data centre.DCIM tools are used in implementing and monitoring the various actions for each step.

Level 0: Minimal/No progress.
Level 1:  Partial Best Practice.
Level 2: Best Practice.
Level 3 & 4: Trending toward Visionary.
Level 5: Visionary
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15
Q

There are three categories of real-time monitoring systems that have particular importance for DCIM platforms. They are:

A

Building Management System (BMS)
Network Management System (NMS)
Data Centre Monitoring System (DCMS)

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16
Q

DCIM tools and platforms available today(2013) can be classified into categories according to their level of maturity expressed in terms of their functionality.

A

Level 1 Basic: Basic monitoring mainly supplied with equipment. Some rudimentary asset and energy analysis with point tools.

Level 2 Reactive: Some degree of integration between environmental monitoring and control of cooling.

Level 3 Proactive: Extensive asset tracking and change management systems. More advanced monitoring systems can identify areas for greater power and space efficiencies.

Level 4 Optimising: Extensive range of integrated IT and infrastructure tools leading to enhanced service management, predictive server workload analysis and elementary real-time optimisation of the servers.

Level 5 Automated, Self Optimising: The DCIM system automatically adjusts in real-time the operation of the data centre according to rules, data loading and SLAs in order to maintain optimal performance.

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17
Q

Google processes more than how many betabytes per year?

A

24

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18
Q

How many hours of video is uploaded every second to youtube.

A

The 800 million users of YouTube upload over 1 hour of video per second.

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19
Q

How much electricity do Server Farms consume in the US?

A

In 2005, 1.5% of the U.S electricity was consumed by server farms and data centres. This amounted to $4.5 billion worth of electricity, or roughly 61 billion kW hours, the
equivalent of 5.8 million US households. In 2011, the total U.S data centre energy bill
was $7.4 Billion.

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20
Q

Some Data Center facts?

A

Data centre energy consumption worldwide has doubled since 2000. There are now 35
million servers worldwide.

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21
Q

How much electricity do datacenters use in Europe?

A

The electricity consumption in 2011 of all European data centres was equivalent
to that of Portugal and is expected to double by 2020.

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22
Q

What will be the carbon footprint of datacenters be in 2020?

A

By 2020, it is predicted that the Carbon footprint of the EU data centre
community will constitute 15-20% of Europe’s total CO2 emissions.

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23
Q

Discuss theThe Ponemon Institute study of 400 U.S data centres

A

The typical U.S data centre on average had 2 downtime events over a 2 year period
due mainly to power and cooling problems, and that the average cost to the centre
was $505,000 and the recovery time was 134 minutes.

62% of senior management believed such events only happened rarely [3].

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24
Q

Discuss the 2012 survey of 2000 data centres conducted by the Uptime Institute,

A

32% of data centre 2012 budgets are at least 10% greater than 2011. Data centres are still
spending despite the global recession.

30% of data centre facilities will run out of power, cooling and/or space in 2012. This has
been a recurrent trend.

Reducing data centre energy consumption is very important in 71% of data centres.

The top driver for pursuing energy efficiency is financial.

The average PUE (Power Utilisation Efficiency) metric, a measure of the efficient use in data
centres is 1.8 to 1.89. This implies that energy overheads are still very high, 90% relative to
the direct energy consumed. There is plenty of scope for energy reductions

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25
What is oversizing?
where the manufacturer’s “Name-plate” energy rating is used in provisioning adequate PDU power, leads to one of the largest operational inefficiencies in the data centre. Typically, the manufacturer deliberately over-estimates the power requirements of their servers, so that the data centre makes sufficient allowance in their power allocation . Unfortunately, the manufacturer ratings can be 50% or more than the server’s actual maximum power consumption Right-sizing the energy demands of a data centre can save up to 30% of energy costs and substantially reduce the cost of actual real-estate that is provisioned. The cost of building a data centre (2011) per m2 of data centre space in the U.S ranges between $5,000 (Tier 1) to in excess of $13,000 (Tier 4), this figure can be used to estimate the savings by reducing rack space.
26
Some ways to improve efficiency in data centers
Making greater use of outside air or other outside cooling resources to minimize the load on the Computer Room A/C system and chiller plants. Adopting a hot/cold aisle configuration, which may involve rearranging how equipment is placed in rows and even within individual racks. Making greater use of variable cooling by adjusting fan speed on the air handler, and water flow to the individual CRAC/CRAH units. Increasing cold aisle server inlet temperatures to 80.6°F (27°C) as recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). This uses less electricity in the cooling process
27
Metrics for Cooling and Air Conditioning Efficiency
Air Conditioning Airflow Efficiency (ACAE) is defined as the amount of heat that can be removed per standard cubic foot/min (SCFM) of cooling air (Wattscooling/SCFM). The higher the value, the more efficient the system. Cooling Tonnage: This refers to the cooling capacity of the air-conditioner. 1 ton is equivalent to 12,000 British Thermal Units (BTUs). 1 kW is equivalent to 3412 BTUs.
28
Two IT market analysis companies Gartner and McKinsey recognising the shortcomings of a simple PUE analysis have proposed a metric which is correlated to improvements in energy efficiencies in the IT sector of the centre. They have defined the entity Corporate Average Datacentre Efficiency (CADE) as:
CADE = Facility Efficiency X IT Asset Efficiency = (FAC UTIL X FAC EE) X (IT UTIL X IT EE) Where FAC UTIL (Facility Utilisation) = Total Actual Facility Power (External Utility feed) Total Facility Power Capacity FAC EE (Facility Energy Efficiency) = Total Actual IT Power Total Actual Facility Power   FAC EE is the same as DCIE. IT UTIL (IT Utilisation) = Total Actual IT Power Total IT Power Capacity   IT EE (IT Energy Efficiency) = Total Actual IT Power – Idle Power of all IT Equipment Total Actual IT Power CADE = 1 , if the utility supply matches exactly the facility power requirement (FAC UTIL =1), all the facility power is solely consumed by the IT equipment (FAC EE =1), all IT equipment is being used (IT UTIL = 1) and all IT equipment consumes zero energy when idle (IT EE = 1).  
29
Server Redundancy
Up to 30% of servers housed are functionally dead (i.e.   In a server population of 1000 servers, approximately 300 are redundant. Assuming that energy management system can identify and assist in the consolidation of these servers such that 25% are liberated and taken off-line for future use, this would take 75 servers out of production.
30
What temp range does ASHRAE reccommend?
"Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments" (2012) recommends a temperature range of 18–27 °C (64–81 °F), a dew point range of 5–15 °C (41–59 °F), and a maximum relative humidity of 60% for data centre environments.
31
What are economizers
Economisers are mechanical devices used in data centres to support or replace the CRAC and chiller systems by using the cooler ambient air. This potentially can reduce the centre’s energy consumption by up to 60%. Since it is dependent on an external air stream that is quite cooler than the centre’s computer room temperature, economisers are only useful in cool climates such as Ireland, UK and Scandinavia. Economizers recycle energy produced within a system or leverage environmental temperature differences to achieve efficiency improvements. The outside air must be filtered to remove any pollutants or particulates and its relative humidity must be restricted to between 40% and 55%.
32
What are the two types of economizers?
Airside economizers pull cooler outside air directly into a facility which is subsequently heated by the equipment and expelled.   Water-side economizers use cold air to cool an exterior water tower. The chilled water from the tower is then used in the air conditioners inside the data centre instead of mechanically-chilled water, reducing energy costs. Water-side economizers often operate during night-time to take advantage of cooler ambient temperatures.
33
Give some statistics on rising energy costs
Electricity used by servers doubled between 2000 and 2005, from 12 billion to 23 billion kilowatt hours. Before the year 2000, servers on average drew about 50 watts of electricity. By 2008, they were averaging up to 250 watts.
34
How much electricity turns into heat?
Over 95% of the electrical energy that goes into a computer gets turned into heat.
35
NGOs monitoring data centers
Greenpeace
36
Big Data, how much data is expected to be generated annually by 2020?
35 zettabytes (1 zettabyte = 1 trillion Gb)
37
Big Data - over how long was most (90%) of this data generated?
Last 2 years
38
What is the problem with servers that are older than 7 years?
Considered 'out of date' efficiency-wise
39
What are the 3 big issues with data center?
1. Energy use - On average, the world's DCs use 30 billion watts of electricity, the output of 30 nuclear plants, and most servers generally, though underutilized, run at maximal capacity, thus wasting 90% of their energy 2. Land coverage - DCs are growing in servers and in size that cover 100s of acres of land - the liquid and solid waste they produce makes up a considerable amount of local waste 3. Cooling Systems - most DCs cooled with energy using the burning of fossil fuels
40
What is Google doing to reduce emissions?
13 global DC locations - 34% of Google's data centers now operate on renewable energy - $1billion invested in renewable energy
41
What is Microsoft doing to advance green initiatives?
7 global DC locations - recycles 99% waste produced by European DCs; Uses efficient, non-polluting water cooling systems
42
What is Facebook doing to contribute to the green and sustainability agenda?
5 global data centers - building new DCs with the capability to run on wind energy alone; old data centers shifted to hydroelectric power; new hardware designs to eliminate the use of unnecessary metals and plastics to cut down on solid waste
43
What % of global electricity do DCs consume?
1.5-2%
44
At what rate is power consumption of DCs growing at?
12% per year
45
What % of DCs are powered by the dirty coal power of the past?
50-80%
46
Company that is top of the class for transparency in green?
Akamai
47
Company with strongest infrastructure siting policy
Yahoo!
48
Companies with most comprehensive approach to reduce carbon footprint?
Google, IBM
49
How can we attribute the demand for greater DC capacity?
1. Growing use of internet media and online learning & demands for faster connectivity from users 2. A move to web-based interfaces 3. Increasing requirements for comprehensive business continuity and disaster recovery arrangements 4. Introduction of ERP software solutions 5. Increasing digitization of data 6. Rapidly expanding data storage and backup requirements
50
Obligatory quote
"If you tell somebody they can't access YouTube of download from NetFlix, they'll tell you it's a God-given right"- Bruce Taylor (VP Uptime Institute)
51
Size of online world expected to grow by how much by 2020?
Factor of 44
52
Name a company that has been cited with air quality regulations violations?
Amazon - 24 violations over a 3-year period in North Virginia
53
What % of the world's data center servers does the US host?
40%
54
Estimated energy footprint of the network (not incl. mobile devices) in 2007
293bn KWh (larger than entire electricity demand of Spain - 276bn kWh)
55
How many mobile users are there worldwide?
5bn
56
How many mobile connections are predicted by 2020?
50bn - as smart meters and smart devices are added to online networks
57
Problem with India's mobile revolution
Reliance on diesel generators to power their network operations - 2bn liters annually - 5.2 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually (more than 2% of country's total GHG emissions)
58
How many MW does Apple's iDataCenter require
100MW (same as 250,000 European homes)
59
What is Jevons Paradox?
Describes how improvements in energy efficiency can actually result in greater consumption of resources overall as lower costs enables more demand (more supply at lower cost)
60
Solution to Jevons Paradox?
Source of electricity must be factored into what is meant by 'green IT'
61
ACAE
Air Conditioning Airflow Efficiency: Amount of heat that can be removed per SCFM of cooling air (Watts (cooling) / SCFM), higher score indicates more efficiency
62
PUE
Power Usage Effectiveness: Total data center energy / Total IT Equipment energy
63
Ideal value for PUE
1.0
64
How do companies usually reduce PUE?
Major infrastructure improvements in distribution, cooling and airflow management (server utilization and management is usually ignored)
65
Limitations of PUE
1. PUE only indicates the proportion of electricity going to the IT equipment; it doesn't take into account how efficiently it is being used
66
CUE
CEF x PUE | Ideal value is 0.0
67
WUE(site)
Annual Site Water Usage / Total IT Equipment Energy
68
What does WUE(site) measure?
Assessment of the water used on-site for the operation of DC (water used for humidification, water evaporation on-site for energy production, cooling)
69
WUE(source)
Annual Source Energy Water Usage + Annual Site Water Usage / Total IT Equipment Energy
70
What does WUE(source) measure?
A source-based metric that includes water used on-site and water used off-site in the production of energy used on-site. Typically, this adds water used at the power generation source to the water used on-site
71
ePUE
Effective Power Usage Effectiveness = Total Facility Power / (Utilization Rates x IT Equipment Power)
72
CADE
Facility Efficiency x IT Asset Efficiency
73
Case Study - North Carolina Dirty Data Triangle (Facebook, Google, Apple)
- Mega DC projects in rural North Carolina - DCs of 30 mile radius - Attraction of low-cost energy, misplaced tax incentive, lack of commitment to clean energy - Generation mix in NC is one of the dirtiest in the country (4% renewable, 61% coal, 30.8% nuclear)
74
Example of tax breaks in NC for data centers
Google - package of tax breaks, infrastructure upgrades and other incentives valued at $212m over 30 years
75
Solution for NC dirty data triangle
Strong siting policies for DC operators: 1. Preferential treatment for renewable energy, and away from coal and nuclear power 2. Indicative supporting mechanisms such as carbon shadow price or electricity performance standard for PPA or utility grid mix 3. Energy procurement standard for colocation and rented facilities
76
Important “levers” or mitigation opportunities for ICT in abatements by 2020
- dematerialisation; - smart motor systems in China; - smart logistics in Europe; - smart buildings in North America; - smart grids in India.
77
GHGs
1. Water vapour 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Methane 4. Nitrous Oxide 5. Fluorinated gases
78
According to the IPCC (2007), GHGs have grown how much since pre-industrial times?
70% between 1970 and 2004 (28.7 to 49 Gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent)
79
Impacts of GHGs on Environment
- Warming of 0.85 C between 1880-2012 | - Enhanced Greenhouse effect - GHGs in the atmosphere of the earth trap heat from sun and keep it warm
80
Effects of Climate Change
A. Flooding due to rising sea water levels B. Wildfires and prolonged droughts caused by higher temperatures C. Increased occurrence, intensity and duration of tropical storms
81
Kyoto Protocol
- International agreement linked to UNFCCC - Adopted in Kyoto, 11 Dec 1997 - Internationally binding emission reduction targets for main GHGs - Doha Amendment (2007)
82
Narrow definition of Green IT
Strategies for reducing energy consumption and the environmental impacts of products, equipments, services and systems
83
Broader definition of Green IT
Strategies which address environmental and social issues, government policies, and considering innovative, ecologically responsible ways for exploiting computer resources
84
Murugeson on Green IT (2013)
- Environment sustainability-focused - Environmentally friendly computer, information systems, applications, and practices which aim to improve energy efficiency, lower GHG emissions, use of less toxic materials, encouraging reuse and recycling
85
Green
Situations when impacts on the environment are considered
86
Sustainability
Situations that affect the triple P (People, Planet, Profit)
87
Brundtland definition of Sustainability
Relating to Corporate Social Responsibility
88
What is 'sustainability'?
Act of striving for equilibrium in the triangle of 3 Ps with target of less wastage
89
Programs/Bodies supporting Green IT
1. Energy Star - voluntary program that promotes energy savings and efficiency in ICT products - instrumental in reducing GHGs, e.g. A certified computer will use 30-65pc less energy 2. EPEAT - Definitive global ratings systems for greener electronics to help purchasers evaluate, compare, and select electronic products based on their environmental attributes 3. 80 Plus Certification
90
How many people are currently using the Internet?
2.7bn (39% world's population)
91
What % of developing world have online experience?
31%
92
What % of developed world have online experience?
77%
93
How many people have PCs in China?
1 in 10; by 2020, expected to grow to 7 in 10
94
Other impacts of ICT
1. E-waste (WEEE; Recast Directive, 2012) 2. Hazardous waste - Lithium rechargeable batteries (laptops, PDAs, tablets, mobiles - made of Lithium ion, and Lithium ion polymer - the latter is preferable - higher power density, longer battery life within a light package and faster charge rate) 3. Water usage 4. Depletion of scarce materials
95
What does the 'water footprint' for ICT mean?
Total volume of freshwater used directly or indirectly to (i) produce an ICT product measured over its lifecycle (ii) to cool a datacenter
96
How to mitigate ICT impact on Climate Change?
1. Direct mitigation - reduces ICT sector's own carbon emissions (Greening of IT) 2. Exploitation of ICT for offering solutions to reduce carbon footprint of other sectors and to facilitate efficient and low-carbon development (Greening By IT)
97
Energy Use Breakdown in a typical DC
- 50% space cooling - 15% electrical losses - 35% powering server equipment
98
Efficient strategies for space cooling
- outside air economizers - expanded temp. setpoints - efficient cooling systems - consolidation (hot/cold aisles)
99
Efficient strategies for electrical losses
- efficient h/w with VSD fans | - optimizied power distribution - invest in efficient power supplies and voltage regulator circuitry
100
Efficient strategies for powering server equipment
- virtualization
101
Case Study for Energy Distribution
- NSICDC - Cooling the server room used to require over 300,000 kWh of energy per year - Recently redesigned with all major equipment sourced within 20 miles - Resulted in a reduction of more than 90pc in energy used for cooling - New 'Coolerado' system - superefficient, indirect evaporative cooler that capitalizes on a patented heat and mass exchanger that uses only 2560 kWh/year Engineers reduced cooling loads by - less stringent temperature and humidity setpoints - airside economizers - virtualization of servers - rearrangement and consolidation into hot and cold aisles
102
Brundtland Commission definition of sustainability
"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" - requires the reconciliation of environmental, social and economic demands (3Ps) - in many cases, sustainability refers to an intention rather than a current situation
103
Green activity
the totality of the negative environmental impact of the activity in the short- and long-term is negligible - A process can be sustainable—for example using renewable energy and recycling resources—but it may pollute or destroy a natural habitat in its action and consequently could not be deemed green
104
Green also implies...
Ongoing iterative strategy to reduce all detrimental environmental effects rather than a state that has been achieved - therefore, the full environmental and social impact has been considered and minimized in accordance with the technology available
105
5 points of sustainability
1. Energy consumption should be as low as possible 2. Any resource should be used as fully and efficiently as possible (wastage - minimized) 3. Timely and accurate information should be produced to assess energy usage, efficiencies, and resource use (wastage) in order to direct and implement improvements 4. Full environmental and social activities should be considered 5. The level of I.T. resource provision should be appropriate to the task being undertaken.
106
Increasing ICT Demand for Energy
- European data centres consumed 50TWh of electricity in 2008, equivalent to the total electricity consumption of Portugal. - This is expected to rise to 100TWh by 2020 3 - According to the U.S. Environmental Agency, U.S. data centres consumed 1.5% of the national electricity production in 2007 with a growth of 12% per annum which was predicted to culminate in energy costs of at least $7 Billion per annum by 20114 - A more recent report has put the figure at between 1.7% and 2.2% for the USA (between 1.1% and 1.5% globally). - Globally, data centres produce more carbon emissions than Argentina and the Netherlands combined and this will quadruple by 2020
107
Ponemon Institute study of 400 U.S. data centres, commissioned by Emerson Network power, highlighted the misconceptions about the frequency and impact of data centre downtime.
- typical U.S. data centre on average had 2 downtime events over a 2 year period due mainly to power and cooling problems, - -- - the average cost to the centre was $505,000 - the recovery time was 134 minutes - Despite these facts, 62% of senior management believed such events only happened rarely
108
PC - emissions
The number of PCs in use reached 1 billion in 2008 It is estimated that 300 million new PCs were sold in 2010 Server capacity is currently growing at 40% per annum Not surprisingly in 2007, PCs contributed 41% of the direct Carbon footprint of ICT and is predicted to rise to 45% in 2020 . PCs account for three times the power consumption of all data centres . Therefore, although the Cloud computing paradigm—whether private or public—is being declared by some to be a revolution that will transform the computing landscape, reducing costs and ICT energy consumption, policies and technologies that reduce desktop power still have a significant role in Green Sustainable computing. Combining the consumption of data centres and PCs gives a figure 2% of global total electricity use accounted for by ICT 12
109
Embodied Energy
Embodied energy refers to the quantity of energy required to manufacture, and supply to the point of use, a product or service.
110
SMART
- Standardize - Monitor - Accountability - Rethink - Transform
111
Smart motor systems in China
- Manufacturing in China without optimization -> 10% of China's emissions in 2020 - Improving industrial efficiency even by 10% would deliver up to 200 MtCO2e - Applied globally, optimized motors and industrial automation reduce 0.97 GtCO2e in 2020 (68bn cost saving)
112
Smart logistics in Europe
- Efficiencies in transport and storage - Deliver fuel, electricity, and heating savings of 225 MtCO2e - Global emissions savings in 2020 - 1.52 GtCO2e (280bn)
113
Smart buildings in NA
Better building design, management, and automation - Could save 15% of North America's building emissions - Globally, smart building technologies - 1.68 GtCO2e (216bn)
114
Smart Grids in India
- Largest energy-saving opportunity - Reducing T & D losses in India's power sector by 30% - possible through better management, monitoring of electricity grids - Global reduction of 2.03 GtCO2e (79bn)
115
Dematerialization
- Replacing high carbon physical products and activities (books, meetings) with virtual low carbon equivalents (e-commerce/e-government and advanced video-conferencing) - Could deliver reductions of 500MtCO2e in 2020
116
Sectors producing highest carbon emissions resulting form human activity
1. 24% - power sector 2. 23% - industry 3. 17% - agriculture & waste mgmt 4. 14% - lang use 5. 14% - transport 6. 8% - buildings
117
A Basic DCIM tool
- Asset inventory mgmt - Change mgmt - Low resolution power and energy monitoring (CRAC, PDU, partial rack visibility) - Dashboards and reports to supplement the inventory and change mgmt and energy monitoring tools
118
DCIM Components
PDOMP - Planning - translates business needs into requirements Design - design infrastructure to meet DC requirements Operations - enforce standard procedures and processes Monitoring - real-time monitoring and historic data to alert mgmt of potential failures/risks Predictive Analytics - Analyze KPIs and future trends
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Commercial Assessment/justification of DCIM
Quocirca - 4 part methodology - TVP 1. Stakeholders/Users 2. Organization 3. Competitive Adv 4. ROI
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Primary Reasons for not investing in DCIM
1. Too expensive 2. Too difficult to integrate 3. Difficulty populating db of assets 4. Existing tools are adequate 5. Benefits are inadequate 6. Systems are too complex 7. Systems don't scale
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Green Grid DC Maturity Model
``` Level 0: Minimal/No progress Level 1: Partial best practices Level 2: Best practices Level 3/4: Trendings towards visionary Level 5: Visionary ```

Green Sustainable Energy (1 decks)

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