Green Chemistry Flashcards
Define green chemistry.
It is defined as invention, design, development and applications of chemical products and reaction process to reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous chemicals that affect the human health and environment.
Who invented green chemistry and gave it’s 12 principles?
Anastas and Warner.
State the 12 principles .
1.Prevent Waste
2.Maximising atom economy
3. Design less hazardous chemical synthesis.
4.Design safer chemicals and products
5. Use Safer Solvent and reaction conditions.
6. Increase Energy efficiency.
7. Use renewable feedstocks .
8.Avoid chemical derivatives.
9. Use catalyst not stoichiometric reagents.
10.Analyze in real time to prevent pollution.
11. Use Biodegradable chemicals and products.
12. Minimize the potential for accidents.
State four industrial applications of green chemistry.
- Allow replacement of a purchased feedstock by a waste product.
2.Better performance so that less product is needed to achieve the same function.
3.Reduced waste, eliminating costly remediation , hazardous waste disposal and end of the pipe treatment. - Improve competitiveness of chemical manufacturers and their customers.
Explain the 12 principles of green chemistry briefly.
1.PREVENT WASTE: Design chemical synthesis to prevent waste.Leave no waste to treat or clean up.
2.MAXIMISE ATOM ECONOMY: Design synthesis so that the final products contains the maximum proportion of the starting materials. Waste few or no atoms.
3.USE LESS HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS: Design synthesis to use and generate substances with little or no toxicity to either humans or the environment.
4.DESIGN SAFER CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS: Design chemical products that are fully effective yet have little or no toxicity.
5.USE SAFER SOLVENTS AND REACTION CONDITIONS: Avoid using solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary chemicals .If you must use these chemicals, use safer ones.
6. INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY:Run chemical reactions at room temperature and pressure whenever possible.
7.USE RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS:Use starting materials (also known as feedstocks) that are renewable rather than depletable .The source of renewable feedstocks is often agricultural products or the wastes of other processes; the source of depletable feedstocks is often fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas or coal) or mining operations.
8. AVOID CHEMICAL DERIVATIVES: Avoid using blocking or protecting groups or any temporary modifications if possible. Derivatives use additional reagents and generate waste.
9.USE CATALYSTS NOT STOICHIOMETRIC REAGENTS:Minimize waste by using catalytic reactions.Catalyst are effective in small amounts and can carry out a single reaction many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which are used in excess and carry out a reaction only once.
10. USE BIODEGRADABLE CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS: Design chemical products to break down to innocuous substances after use so that they don’t accumulate in the environment.
11.ANALYSE IN REAL TIME TO PREVENT POLLUTION: Include in process, real time monitoring and control during synthesis to minimize or eliminate the formation of by products.
12.MINIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR ACCIDENTS: Design chemicals and their physical forms(solid, liquid or gas) to minimize the potential for chemical accidents including explosions and releases to the environment.
What are Nanomaterials?
Material having particle size (1-100nm) is called Nanomaterial.
Uses of Nanomaterials.
1.In diagonisis→ DNA sagment
(1) Used for genetic sequencing.’Au’ , nanoparticles are used.
(2) Drug delivery.
2. Information and communication -(1) Memory card
(2) displays
3. Energy consumption - decrease
Energy efficiency -increase
State the conventional and green route of preparing paracetamol.
State the conventional and green route for the preparation of adipic acid.
