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Paramedic Pharmacology > Green Category > Flashcards

Green Category Flashcards

The most used in the filed as a paramedic

1
Q

Epinephrine 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Adrenergics Agonists 2. Non-selective Alpha 1 and Beta 1 and 2 Agonists 3. Cardiac arrest, symptomatic bradycardia, normovolemic hypotension, allergies/anaphylaxis, severe bronchospasm 4. Few 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO, IM, SQ, ETT, Inhaled 8. Palpitations, anxiety, tremors, headache, dizziness, hypertension 9.
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2
Q

MORPHINE 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Narcotic Opioid 2. Analgesia and sedation - binds to opiate receptors 3. Moderate - Sever pain 4. Hypotension, sensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO, IM, SQ, PO 8. Hypotension, Syncope, Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Apnea, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression 9.
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3
Q

HYDROMORPHONE 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Narcotic Opioid 2. Analgesia and sedation - binds to opiate receptors 3. Moderate - Sever pain 4. Hypotension, sensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO, IM, SQ, PO 8. Nausea, vomiting, cramps, respiratory depression 9. 10.
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4
Q

FENTANYL 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Narcotic Opioid 2. Analgesia and sedation - binds to opiate receptors 3. Moderate - Sever pain. Anesthesia 4. Hypotension, sensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO, IM, SQ, INJ, Lollypop 8. Nausea, vomiting, cramps, chest wall rigidity, respiratory depression 9. 10.
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5
Q

MEPERIDINE 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Narcotic Opioid 2. Analgesia and sedation - binds to opiate receptors 3. Moderate - Sever pain. Anesthesia 4. MAOI recipients, sensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO, IM, SQ, INJ, Lollypop 8. Nausea, vomiting, euphoria, dysphoria, respiratory depression 9. 10.
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6
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN (Tylenol) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. NSAID, non-narcotic, antipyretic, 2. UNK / cyclooxyrgenase inhibitor 3. Mild to Moderate pain, Fever 4. Sensitivity to drug, alcoholism, chronic liver disease 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. PO 8. Rare, can be liver toxic 9. 10.
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7
Q

IBUPROFEN (Motrin, Advil) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. NSAID, non-narcotic, antipyretic, 2. anti-inflammatory through inhibition of prostaglandins 3. Mild to Moderate pain, Fever, inflammation 4. Sensitivity to drug, bronchospasm, angioedema 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. PO 8. Nausea, vomiting, GI Bleed, Allx 9. 10.
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8
Q

KETOROLAC (Toradol) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. NSAID 2. anti-inflammatory through inhibition of PROSTAGLANDINS 3. Mild to Moderate pain, Fever, inflammation, renal colic 4. Sensitivity to drug, bronchospasm, angioedema 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. PO 8. Nausea, vomiting, GI Bleed, Allx 9. 10.
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9
Q

ASPIRIN 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. NSAID 2. anti-inflammatory through inhibition of THROMBOXANE 3. Mild to Moderate pain, Fever, Platelet aggregation inhibitor 4. Sensitivity to drug, bronchospasm, angioedema 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. PO 8. Nausea, vomiting, GI Bleed, Allx 9. 10.
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10
Q

NALOXONE (Narcan) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Opiate Antagonist 2. Opiate Antagonist w/o OA properties (No activity when not in the presence of an opiate AGOnist) 3. Partial reversal of opiate drug F/X or OD 4. Sensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO SQ, INJ, Nebu 8. Nausea, vomiting, Fever, Chills, Diarrhea, Opiate withdrawal (Avoid full narcotic withdrawal syndrome) 9. 10.
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11
Q

NALMEFENE (Revex) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Opiate Antagonist 2. Opiate Antagonist w/o OA properties (No activity when not in the presence of an opiate AGOnist) - MUCH LONGER ACTING than Naloxone 3. Partial reversal of opiate drug F/X or OD 4. Sensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO SQ, INJ, Nebu 8. Nausea, vomiting, Fever, Chills, Diarrhea, Opiate withdrawal (Avoid full narcotic withdrawal syndrome) 9. 10.
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12
Q

NALBUPHINE 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Opiate Agonist-Antagonist 2. Analgesia and sedation via binding to opiate receptors. Alsi has opiate receptor antagonist properties 3. Moderate-severe pain 4. Sensitivity to drug, opiate dependence, respiratory depression 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO SQ, INJ, Nebu 8. Nausea, vomiting, Fever, Chills, Diarrhea, Opiate withdrawal (Avoid full narcotic withdrawal syndrome) 9. 10.
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13
Q

HALOPERIDOL (Haldol) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Antipsychotic, Butyrophenome 2. Blocks dopamine receptors associated with mood and behavior 3. Psychosis 4. Sensitivity to drug, hypotension 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IM, PO 8. Extrapyramidal reactions, Insomnia, restlessness, dry mouth, hypotension, tachycardia 9. 10.
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14
Q

MIDAZOLAM 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Antipsychotic, Butyrophenome 2. Blocks dopamine receptors associated with mood and behavior 3. Psychosis 4. Sensitivity to drug, hypotension 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IM, PO 8. Extrapyramidal reactions, Insomnia, restlessness, dry mouth, hypotension, tachycardia 9. 10.
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15
Q

ATIVAN 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Antipsychotic, Butyrophenome 2. Blocks dopamine receptors associated with mood and behavior 3. Psychosis 4. Sensitivity to drug, hypotension 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IM, PO 8. Extrapyramidal reactions, Insomnia, restlessness, dry mouth, hypotension, tachycardia 9. 10.
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16
Q

DIPHENHYDRAMINE (Benadryl) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Antipsychotic, Butyrophenome 2. Blocks dopamine receptors associated with mood and behavior 3. Psychosis 4. Sensitivity to drug, hypotension 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IM, PO 8. Extrapyramidal reactions, Insomnia, restlessness, dry mouth, hypotension, tachycardia 9. 10.
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17
Q

DIAZEPAM (Valium) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Antipsychotic, Butyrophenome 2. Blocks dopamine receptors associated with mood and behavior 3. Psychosis 4. Sensitivity to drug, hypotension 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IM, PO 8. Extrapyramidal reactions, Insomnia, restlessness, dry mouth, hypotension, tachycardia 9. 10.
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18
Q

SUCCINYLCHOLINE (Anectine) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker 2. Binds to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction causing depolarization and paralysis 3. RSI (Rapid Sequence Intubation) 4. Hyperkalemia, Neuromuscular disease, crush injury, burns, ICP, severe trauma 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO 8. Hyperkalemia, bradycardia, prolonged paralysis, malignant hyperthermia, increased ICP, muscle fascilations, Trismus 9. 10.
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19
Q

ATROPINE 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Muscarinic anticholinergic (Parasympatholitic) - Depolarizing drug 2. Selectively blocks muscarinic receptors inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation 3. Bradycardia, antidote for organophosphate poisoning, pre-med for RSI 4. Hypersensitivity to drug 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV, IO 8. Blurred vision, dry mouth, dilated pupils, confusion 9. 10.
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20
Q

NOREPINEPHRINE (LEVOPHED) 1. Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
  1. Adrenergics Agonists (SYMPATHETIC) 2. Non-selective Alpha 1 and Beta 1 and 2 Agonists 3. Normovolemic hypotension, septic and cariogenic shock 4. No use in hypovolemia until volume replacement complete 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. IV 8. Palpitations, anxiety, tremors, headache, dizziness, hypertension, reflex bradycardia 9.
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21
Q

DOPAMINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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22
Q

ADENOSINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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23
Q

AMIODARONE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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24
Q

DILTIAZEM Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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25
Q

LIDOCAINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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26
Q

PROCAINAMIDE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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27
Q

VERAPAMIL Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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28
Q

NITROGLYCERIN Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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29
Q

METROPOLOL Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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30
Q

CLONIDINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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31
Q

FENTANYL TRANSDERMAL AND LOLLYPOP Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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32
Q

MORPHINE HCL Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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33
Q

MOEPHINE SULFATE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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34
Q

LORAZEPAM Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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35
Q

PROMETHAZINE (PHENERGAN) Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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36
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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37
Q

ETOMIDATE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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38
Q

VECURONIUM Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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39
Q

DOBUTAMINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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40
Q

PHENYLEPHRINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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41
Q

ALBUTEROL Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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42
Q

ONDANSETRON Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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43
Q

SODIUM BICARBONATE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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44
Q

FUROSEMIDE (LASIX) Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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45
Q

VASOPRESSIN (ADH) Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

A
          1. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.
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46
Q

Metronidazole – Flagyl

A

Amebicides and antiprotozoals

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47
Q
  1. Amphotericin B 6. Fluconazole - Diflucan 10. Ketoconazole - Nizoral
A

Antifungals

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48
Q
  1. Doxycycline 9. Tetracycline
A

Antimalarials

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49
Q
  1. Clofazimine 2. Capreomycin 3. Ciprofloxacin 4. Cycloserine 5. Cycloserine - Seromycin 6. Dapsone – Dapsone 7. Ethambutol hydrochloride – Myambutol 8. Ethionamide 9. Levofloxacin 10. Isoniazid (INH) 11. Pyrazinamide 12. Rifabutin - Mycobutin 13. Rifampin - Rifadin 14. Streptomycin sulfate 15. Rifapentine
A

Antituberculars and antileprotics

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50
Q
  1. Gentamicin 4. Streptomycin
A

Aminoglycosides (A class of antibiotics)

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51
Q
  1. Amoxicillin * Nafcil10 * Pentids12 * Unasyn * Veetids13
A

Penicillins

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52
Q
  1. Cefaclor - Ceclor 3. Cefazolin - Ancef, Kefzol 14. Cefpodoxime - Vantin 15. Cefprozil - Cefzil 19. Ceftriaxone - Rocephin 20. Cefuroxime - Ceftin 21. Cefalexin - Keflex
A

Cephalosporins

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53
Q
  1. Doxycycline 5. Tetracycline
A

Tetracyclines

54
Q
  1. Co-trimoxazole - Bactrim, Septra, SMZ-TMP
A

Sulfonamides

55
Q
  1. Ciprofloxacin - Cipro 5. Levofloxacin 10. Ofloxacin - Floxin 11. Sparfloxacin 12. Trovofloxacin (Trovan)
A

Fluoroquinolones

56
Q
  1. Azithromycin - Zithromax 2. Clarithromycin - Biaxin 3. Dirithromycin - Dynabac 4. Erythromycin
A

Macrolide anti-infectives

57
Q
  1. Chloramphenicol - Chloromycetin 4. Clindamycin - Cleocin 11. Trimethoprim
A

Anti infectives

58
Q
  1. Digoxin 4. Epinephrine 5. Dopamine 6. Digitalis 7. Dobutamine
A

Positive Inotoropes

59
Q
  1. Adenosine 2. Amiodarone 3. Atropine 4. Diltiazem 5. Disopyramide 7. Flecainide 11. Lidocaine 14. Phenytoin 15. Procainamide 16. Propranolol 17. Quinidine 18. Sotolol 20. Verapamil 21. Levetiracetam (Keppra®)
A

Antidysryhtmics

60
Q
  1. Amlodipine 2. Amyl nitrite ( Also antidote for cyanide poisoning) 3. Bepridil 4. Diltiazem 5. Isosorbide 6. Mibefradil 7. Nadolol 8. Nireferenceipine 9. Nifedipine 10. Nitroglycerin 11. Propranolol 12. Verapamil
A

Anti-Anginals

61
Q

a. Propranolol b. Labetalol (also blocks Alpha 1 receptors)

A

Non selective beta blockers

62
Q

a. Atenolol b. Metoprolol

A

BETA SPECIFIC BETA BLOCKERS

63
Q

a. Captopril b. d. Lisinopril f. Lisinopril/HCTZ g. Captopril/HCTZ h. Enalopril

A

ACE Inhibitors

64
Q

a. Candesartan c. Irbesartan e. Losartan potassium h. Valsartan

A

Angiotensin II blocking agents

65
Q

WHAT IS THE MOA OF AN ACE INHIBITOR

A

ACE Inhibitor Mechanisms. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are agents used to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. They prevent an enzyme from producing angiotensin II, which narrows blood vessels and raises blood pressure, meaning the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body.

66
Q

a. Isosorbide b. Nitroglycerin c. Diazoxide d. Hydralazine f. Nitroprusside sodium g. Alprostadil

A

Vasodilating Agents

67
Q

a. Clonidine

A

Alpha-2 receptor agonists (centrally acting sympatholytics)

68
Q

Terazocin

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocking agents

69
Q

Nifedipine Amlodipine Diltiazem Verapamil Hcl

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

70
Q

Nifedipine Amlodipine Diltiazem Verapamil Hcl

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

71
Q

what is the MOA of a Alpha-2 receptor AGONISTS (centrally acting sympatholytics)

A

The α-2 adrenergic receptor agonists have been used for decades to treat common medical conditions such as hypertension; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; various pain and panic disorders; symptoms of opioid, benzodiazepine, and alcohol withdrawal; and cigarette craving.1 However, in more recent years, these drugs have been used as adjuncts for sedation and to reduce anesthetic requirements. This review will provide an historical perspective of this drug class, an understanding of pharmacological mechanisms, and an insight into current applications in clinical anesthesiology.

72
Q

Triamterene

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

73
Q

What is the MOA of a Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocking agents

A

Alpha blockers relax certain muscles and help small blood vessels remain open. They work by keeping the hormone norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, which causes the vessels to remain open and relaxed. This improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure.

74
Q

Mannitol q

A

Osmotic diuretics

75
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretics

76
Q
  1. Atorvastatin 2. Cerivastatin 4. Fluvastatin 5. Gemfibrozil 6. Lovastatin 7. Niacin 8. Prevastatin 9. Simvastatin
A

Antilipemics

77
Q

What is the MOA of a LIPEMIC?

A

Lipemia is presence of a high concentration of lipids (or fats) in the blood.

78
Q

What is the MOA of a LIPEMIC?

A

Lipemia is presence of a high concentration of lipids (or fats) in the blood.

79
Q

i. Ibuprofen j. Indomethacin k. Ketoprofen l. Ketorolac o. Naproxen Sodium r. Sulindac u. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)

80
Q

a. celecoxib (Celebrex) b. valdecoxib (Bextra)

A

Prescription NSADS (Cox Inhibitors) Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain

81
Q

a. celecoxib (Celebrex) b. valdecoxib (Bextra)

A

Prescription NSADS (Cox Inhibitors) Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain

82
Q

a. celecoxib (Celebrex) b. valdecoxib (Bextra)

A

Prescription NSADS (Cox Inhibitors) Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain

83
Q

a. Pentobarbital b. Phenobarbital c. Secobarbital d. Butabarbital

A

Barbiturates

84
Q

What is the MOA of BARBITURATES?

A

A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants.

85
Q

a. Alprazolam c. Clorazepate d. Diazepam e. Estazolam f. Flurazepam g. Lorazepam h. Meprobromate i. Midazolam j. Oxazepam k. Quazepam l. Prazepama m. Temazepam n. Triazolam

A

Benzodiazepines

86
Q

What is the MOA of Benzodiazepines

A

Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.

87
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine antagonist

88
Q

a. Hydroxyzine b. Prochlorperazine c. Promethazine d. Diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamines

89
Q
  1. Acetazolamide 2. Carbamazepine 3. Clonazepam 4. Diazepam 9. Magnesium sulfate 10. Phenobarbital 12. Phenytoin 17. Valproic acid
A

Anticonvulsants

90
Q

a. Amitriptyline Hcl b. Amoxapine c. butriptyline d. Clomipramine Hcl e. Desipramine f. Doxepin g. Imipramine h. Iprindole (Prondol) i. Lofepramine (Feprapax, Gamanil, Lomont) j. Melitracen (Melixeran) k. Nortriptyline (Pamelor) l. Opipramol (Insidon) m. Protriptyline (Vivactil) n. Trimipramine ( Surmontil)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

91
Q

What is the MOA of Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

ricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of antidepressant medications that share a similar chemical structure and biological effects. Scientists believe that patients with depression may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters, chemicals that nerves make and use to communicate with other nerves. The [putative anti-neuralgic] mechanism of action of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is that they inhibit the reuptake of the biogenic amines, mostly norepinephrine (NE), as well as serotonin (5HT)

92
Q

a. Phenelzine (Nardil) b. Tranylcypromine (Parnate) c. Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

A

MonoAmineOxidase Inhibitors

93
Q

What is the MOA of MonoAmineOxidase Inhibitors

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of medication used to treat depression. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as powerful anti-depressants, as well as effective therapeutic agents for panic disorder and social phobia. They are particularly effective in treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression.[1] They are also used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and several other disorders.

94
Q

a. Fluoxetine b. Nefazodone c. Paroxetine d. Sertraline e. Fluvoxamine f. Citalopram g. escitalopram oxalate h. vilazadone - Viibryd i. aripiprazole - Abilify

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

95
Q

What is the MOA of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The exact mechanism of action of SSRIs is unknown.

96
Q

a. duloxetine b. venlafaxine c. desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) d. milnacipran (Ixel, Savella)

A

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

97
Q

What is the MOA of Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors?

A

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs that treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and can also treat anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms. SNRIs are monoamine reuptake inhibitors; specifically, they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters play an important role in mood. SNRIs can be contrasted with the more widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which act upon serotonin only. The human serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) are membrane transport proteins that are responsible for the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Dual inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake can offer advantages over other antidepressant drugs by treating a wider range of symptoms.[1] SNRIs, along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), are second-generation antidepressants. Over the past two decades, second-generation antidepressants have gradually replaced first-generation antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), as the drugs of choice for the treatment of MDD due to their improved tolerability and safety profile

98
Q

a. Buspirone (Buspar) b. Mirtazapine c. Lithium d. Maprotiline e. Nefazodone (Nefadar, Serzone) f. Trazodone h. Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A

Antidepressants

99
Q

a. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) b. Gabapentin (Neurontin) c. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) d. Lithium carbonate (Duralith, Eskalith, Lithobid) e. Valproate sodium (Depakene) f. Valproic acid (Depakote) g. Ziprasidone (Geodon)

A

Anti Bi-Polar Drugs

100
Q
  1. Chlorpromazine 2. Clozapine 3. Fluphenazine 4. Haloperidol (Haldol, Serenace) 5. Loxapine 6. Mesoridazine 7. Molindone 8. Olanzapine 9. Perphenazine 10. Pimozide 11. Prochlorperazine 12. Paliperidone 12. Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel) 13. Risperidone 14. Thioridazine 15. Thiothixene 16. Trifluoperazine 17. Lurasidone (Latuda) 18. Droperidol (Droleptan, Inapsine) 19. promethazine (Phenergan) 25. Ziprasidone (Geodon) 30. Aripiprazole (Abilify)
A

AntiPsychotics

101
Q

What is the MOA of AntiPsychotics

A

Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers,[1] are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders. Antipsychotics are usually effective in relieving symptoms of psychosis in the short term. The long-term use of antipsychotics is associated with side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, and metabolic syndrome. They are also associated with increased mortality in elderly people with dementia. First-generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second-generation drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently, although the first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was discovered in the 1960s and introduced clinically in the 1970s.[2] Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain’s dopamine pathways, but atypicals tend to act on serotonin receptors as well.

102
Q
  1. Amantadine hydrochloride 7. Levodopa 12. Selegiline hydrochloride 13 Tolcapone
A

Anti Parkinsonian Drugs

103
Q

a. Haloperidol b. Droperidol c. Midazolam d. Ativan e. diphenhydramine f. diazepam g. Inapsine h. Prolixin j. Thorazine k. Navane

A

Chemical restraints

104
Q

Sedation drugs used prior to paralyzation during RSI

A

a. Midazolam b. Propofol c. Etomidate d. Atropine e. Lidocaine f. Fentanyl g. Morphine h. Thiopental i. Ketamine

105
Q

De-Polarizing paralytic drug used during RSI

A

Succinylcholine

106
Q

Non-DePolarizing paralytic drugs used during RSI

A

i. Vecuronium ii. Rocuronium iii. Recuronium iv. Mivacurium v. Pancuronium vi. Atracurium vii. Tubocurarine

107
Q

A. Atropine B. Dicylomine C. Glycopyrrolate D. Hyoscyamine E. Propantheline F. Scopolamine

A

Anticholinergic Drugs

108
Q

What is the MOA of Anticholinergic Drugs?

A

An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells

109
Q

Non-selective Alpha-1 and Beta 1&2 Agonists

A
  1. Epinephrine 2. Dobutamine 3. Dopamine 4. Isoproterenol 5. Norepinephrine 6. Phenylephrine 7. Pseudoephedrine
110
Q

what is the MOA of a Non-selective Alpha-1 and Beta 1 & 2 Agonists

A

The types of sympathetic or adrenergic receptors are alpha, beta 1 and beta 2. Alpha-receptors are located on the arteries. When the alpha receptor is stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine, the arteries constrict. This increases the blood pressure and the blood flow returning to the heart. Beta 1 receptors are located in the heart. When Beta 1 receptors are stimulated they increase the heart rate and increase the heart’s strength of contraction or contractility. The Beta 2 receptors are located in the bronchioles of the lungs and the arteries of the skeletal muscles

111
Q

Beta 2 Selective Agonists

A
  1. Albuterol 2. Isoetherine 3. Metaproterenol 4. Terbutaline
112
Q

Carisoprodol C. Chlorzoxazone D. Cyclobenzaprine E. Dantrolene (also used for malignant hyperthermia) F. Methocarbamol

A

Muscle relaxants

113
Q
  1. Promethazine Hcl 11. Diphenhydramine Hcl
A

Histamine 1 - Antagonists

114
Q
  1. Cimetidine 2. Famotidine 4. Ranitidine
A

Histamine 2 antagonists

115
Q

What is the difference between Histamine 1 and 2?

A

H1 and H2 antagonist are both two types of histamine antagonist. H1 antagonist serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions while the H2 receptor antagonists are used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach by decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H1 antagonists are used in the treatment of Allergic rhinitis, Allergic conjunctivitis,Allergic dermatological conditions,Urticaria,Angioedema,Diarrhea,Pruritus (atopic dermatitis, insect bites), Anaphylactic, Nausea and vomiting (first-generation H1-antihistamines),Sedation (first-generation H1-antihistamines). Based on the nature of the allergic condition, they can be administered through the skin, nose, or eyes. H2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD/GORD), Prevention of stress ulcer (a specific indication of ranitidine).

116
Q
  1. Albuterol 2. Isoetherine 3. Metaproterenol 4. Terbutaline 6. Salmeterol
A

Beta-2 selective bronchodilators

117
Q

What is the MOA of Beta-2 selective bronchodilators

A

Beta 2 selective adrenergic bronchodilator β2 adrenergic agonists’ effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They are primarily used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disorders, such as COPD.

118
Q
  1. Aminophyllin 3. Theophylline 5. Ketamine
A

Direct smooth muscle relaxants

119
Q

Non-selective alpha and beta agonists

A
  1. Ephedrine 2. Epinephrine
120
Q

EPINEPHRINE - DOSAGES

A

Adult- proper IV/IO dose of epinephrine is 1 mg (10 mL of 1:10,000 solution), repeated every 3 to 5 minutes. Pediatric:0.01 mg/kg IV/IO q3-5min; use 1:10000 concentration (0.1 mL/kg) Epinephrine 0.1 mg/kg endotracheal tube (ETT) q3-5min; use 1:1000 concentration

121
Q

DOPAMINE - Dosage

A

Low dose: 1 to 5 mcg/kg/minute IV to increase urine output and kidney blood flow. Intermediate dose: 5 to 15 mcg/kg/minute IV to increase kidney blood flow, cardiac output and contractility, and heart rate

122
Q

ADENOSINE DOSAGE

A

The first dose of adenosine should be 6 mg administered rapidly over 1-3 seconds followed by a 20 ml NS bolus. If the patient’s rhythm does not convert out of SVT within 1 to 2 minutes, a second 12 mg dose may be given in similar fashion PEDS Adenosine 0.1mg/kg rapid IV bolus maximum of 6mg Adenosine 0.2mg/kg rapid IV bolus maximum of 12mg

123
Q

AMIODARONE DOSAGE

A

Dosing The maximum cumulative dose in a 24 hour period should not exceed 2.2 grams. Within the VT/VF pulseless arrest algorithm, the dosing is as follows: 300mg IV/IO push → (if no conversion) 150 mg IV/IO push → (after conversion) Infusion #1 360 mg IV over 6 hours (1mg/min) → Infusion #2 540 mg IV over 18 hours (0.5mg/min) For tachyarrhythmias other than life threatening, expert consultation should be considered before use. For Tachycardia other than pulseless VT/VF, Amiodarone dosing is as follows: (see above note) 150 mg over 10 minutes → repeat as needed if VT recurs → maintenance infusion of 1mg/min for 6 hours Amiodarone should only be diluted with D5W and given with an in-line filter. Infusions exceeding 2 hours must be administered in glass or polyolefin bottles containing D5W.

124
Q

ATROPINE DOSAGE

A

Atropine: The first drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardia. Dose in the Bradycardia ACLS algorithm is 0.5mg IV push and may repeat up to a total dose of 3mg. Dopamine: Second-line drug for symptomatic bradycardia when atropine is not effective. Dosage is 2-20 micrograms/kg/min infusion.

125
Q

DILTIAZEM Dosage

A

Usual Adult Dose for Atrial Fibrillation Bolus Injection: -Initial bolus dose: 0.25 mg/kg IV as a bolus administered over 2 minutes. After 15 minutes, a second bolus of 0.35 mg/kg IV (administered over 2 minutes) may be used if necessary. Continuous Infusion: -The continuous infusion should begin immediately following a bolus injection of 0.25 mg/kg IV OR 0.35 mg/kg IV administered over 2 minutes. -Initial infusion rate: 10 mg/hr IV -Maintenance infusion rate: The infusion rate may be increased in 5 mg/hr increments up to 15 mg/hr. -Maximum duration: 24 hours

126
Q

LIDOCAINE Dosage

A

Cardiac Arrest from VT/VF: Initial dose: 1 to 1.5 mg/kg IV/IO. For refractory VF may give additional 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg IV push, repeat in 5 to 10 minutes; maximum 3 doses or total of 3mg/kg. PALS Initial: 1 mg/kg Infusion: 20 to 50 mcg/kg/min (MAX DOSE 100 mg) ET: 2 to 3 mg

127
Q

PROCAINAMIDE DOSAGE

A

Adult-Loading dose: 100-200 mg/dose or 15-18 mg/kg; infuse slowly over 25-30 min not to exceed 50 mg/min; may repeat q5min PRN not to exceed 1 g. Maintenance: 1-4 mg/min by continuous IV infusion. Peds- 15 mg/kg over 30 to 60 minutes

128
Q

VERAPAMIL DOSAGE

A

ADULT - 2.5-5 mg IV over 2 minutes and repeat doses of 5-10 mg may be given at 15-minute intervals to a total dose of 20 mg.

129
Q

NITROGLYCERIN DOSAGES

A

Angina Pectoris (Acute Relief) 0.3-0.6 mg SL q5min up to 3 times; use at first sign of angina. … Angina Pectoris (Prophylaxis) 1 tablet SL 5-10 minutes before activities likely to provoke angina attacks.

130
Q

METOPROLOL DOSAGE

A

Initial intravenous dosing to treat acute myocardial infarct (AMI) or unstable angina is three IV boluses of 5 mg (each injected over 1 minute) at 2 minute intervals, usually followed by oral dosing of 50 milligrams every 6 hours for 48 hours or 25 milligrams every 6 hours for 48 hours if unable to tolerate the full initial IV regimen. When given IV, effects are faster, with maximum beta blocking effect seen at 20 minutes, then tapering off from 5 to 8 hours, dependent on the total dose given (5 to 15 mg). Five mg of intravenous metoprolol is approximately equivalent to 12.5 mg given orally.

131
Q

CATAPRES (CLONIDINE) DOSAGE

A

0.1 mg/2xday Route: PO

132
Q

LASIX (FUROSEMIDE) DOSAGE

A

The usual initial dose of furosemide is 20 mg to 40 mg given as a single dose, injected intramuscularly or intravenously. The intravenous dose should be given slowly (1 to 2 minutes). Ordinarily a prompt diuresis ensues PEDS: 0.5-1 mg/kg (or 40 mg) IV over 1-2 minutes; may be increased to 80 mg if there is no adequate response within 1 hour;not to exceed 160-200 mg/dose.

Paramedic Pharmacology (1 decks)

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