Greek Warfare

Question 1

Greek Helmets

Answer 1

Corinthian: “Spartan” style; 8th-5th
Illyrian: Skullcap, earholes, open faced; 8-6th;
Chalcidian: Corinthian with an ear hole; 6th-4th

Question 2

Homeric Melee

Answer 2

Promachoi up front; Aristocrats behind; irregulars behind that; Skirmishers sneak up to fire ranged attacks
1st Messenian War; Lelantine War

Question 3

Battle of Hysiai

Answer 3

669/8BC; Battle between Argos and Sparta for Thyreatis
First hoplite battle? (Pheidon of Argos)
Sparta gets whooped; King killed; Helot revolt; Early Agoge

Question 4

Chigi Vase

Answer 4

650BC
Earliest depiction of hoplite battle?
How close are the ranks? How close are the sides?

Question 5

Spartan Obal Army

Answer 5

5 obes (1 per village)
1 obes = 1 loches = 1k men
Enomotion = under oath = 24-32 men (4x8)
     3 file leader, 1 unit leader (also file), 4 tail men)
Syssition/mess groups
Hippeis = elite guard

Question 6

Tribute Figures

Answer 6

Persia: 14560T
Athens: 460-1460T
Alexander: 30,000T
Ptolemies: 14800T

Question 7

Xerxes Logistics

Answer 7

4 years diplomacy/logistics planning
Pontoon across Hellespont
5 Supply depots in Thrace
Canal through Mt Athos peninsula
Humans: 2.7m l water, 252 tonnes wheat/barley per day
Animals: 2.7m l water, 680 tonnes fodder per day

Question 8

Greek Logistics

Answer 8

3 days supplies, basket
Gear: Mats/blankets, pots/dishes, tools, leather
Personal slave/young relative attendant
Supply train of craftsmen
Campaigns rarely longer than 30 days

Question 9

Battle of Arginusai

Answer 9

406 BC, late Peloponnesian War
Persian funded Spartan Fleet (Lysander)
Athens: Slave/Merc crews to replace Sicilian troops
Battle: 110 Spartans, 100+40 Athenians
Sparta; Single line
Athens: double line
Athens Wins: Destroy 75 ships, lost 25
All generals executed for not saving sailors

Question 10

Spartan Moral Army

Answer 10

Enomotion 36 men (1 enomotiarch, 5 file leaders, 6 ouragoi)
Pentekostys = 2 Enomotion
Lochos = 2 Pentekostys
Mora = 4 Lochoi
Stratos = 6 Mora + Hippeis

Question 11

Battle of Gaugamela

Answer 11

Alexander 50k vs Persians 100k
Flat open field
High-depth defense, 3 lines of heavy infantry
gap is exploited and camp sacked
Silver Shields + Companions team up to smash the Persian right and Darius flees
Persian Left wins but routs with Darius fleeing

Question 12

Macedonian Army

Answer 12

Syntagma with Sarissa, 16x16; 16 file leaders; 16 mid leaders; 16 tail leaders;
6x Syntagma = 1 taxis
6 Taxies = 1 phalanx
Hypaspists = 3k elites, fight on the far right
Hetairoi = Elite cavalry, fight on right wing

Question 13

Hellenistic Siege Warfare

Answer 13

Torsion Ballista/Catapults
Gigantism in siege weapons
Siege of Roads, Helepolis, 40m siege tower
Siege of Syracus: Ship claw, heat ray