GREEK VERB FORMS Flashcards
ἀγαπάω
ἀγαπάω
PRESENT
ἀγαπάω love ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην
ἀγαπήσω
ἀγαπήσω
FUTURE
ἀγαπάω love ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην
ἠγάπησα
ἠγάπησα
AORIST
ἀγαπάω love ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην
ἠγάπηκα
ἠγάπηκα
PERFECT
ἀγαπάω love ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην
ἠγάπημαι
ἠγάπημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἀγαπάω love ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην
ἠγαπήθην
ἠγαπήθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀγαπάω love ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην
ἀγγέλλω
ἀγγέλλω
PRESENT
ἀγγέλλω announce ἀγγελῶ ἤγγειλα ἤγγελκα ἤγγελμαι ἠγγέλθην
ἀγγελῶ
ἀγγελῶ
FUTURE
ἀγγέλλω announce ἀγγελῶ ἤγγειλα ἤγγελκα ἤγγελμαι ἠγγέλθην
ἤγγειλα
ἤγγειλα
AORIST
ἀγγέλλω announce ἀγγελῶ ἤγγειλα ἤγγελκα ἤγγελμαι ἠγγέλθην
ἤγγελκα
ἤγγελκα
PERFECT
ἀγγέλλω announce
ἤγγελμαι
ἤγγελμαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἀγγέλλω announce ἀγγελῶ ἤγγειλα ἤγγελκα ἤγγελμαι ἠγγέλθην
ἠγγέλθην
ἠγγέλθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀγγέλλω announce ἀγγελῶ ἤγγειλα ἤγγελκα ἤγγελμαι ἠγγέλθην
ἀγείρω
ἀγείρω
PRESENT
ἀγείρω gather ////////// ἤγειρα ////////// ////////// ἠγέρθην [2]
[2] In Attic, this form will be from ἐγείρω (q.v.): ἠγέρθην from ἀγείρω is not standard Attic.
ἤγειρα
ἤγειρα
AORIST
ἀγείρω gather ////////// ἤγειρα ////////// ////////// ἠγέρθην [2]
[2] In Attic, this form will be from ἐγείρω (q.v.): ἠγέρθην from ἀγείρω is not standard Attic.
ἠγέρθην
ἠγέρθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀγείρω gather ////////// ἤγειρα ////////// ////////// ἠγέρθην [2]
[2] In Attic, this form will be from ἐγείρω (q.v.): ἠγέρθην from ἀγείρω is not standard Attic.
ἀγνοέω
ἀγνοέω
PRESENT
ἀγνοέω be ignorant ἀγνοήσω ἠγνόησα ἠγνόηκα ἠγνόημαι ἠγνοήθην
ἀγνοήσω
ἀγνοήσω
FUTURE
ἀγνοέω be ignorant ἀγνοήσω ἠγνόησα ἠγνόηκα ἠγνόημαι ἠγνοήθην
ἠγνόησα
ἠγνόησα
AORIST
ἀγνοέω be ignorant ἀγνοήσω ἠγνόησα ἠγνόηκα ἠγνόημαι ἠγνοήθην
ἠγνόηκα
ἠγνόηκα
PERFECT
ἀγνοέω be ignorant ἀγνοήσω ἠγνόησα ἠγνόηκα ἠγνόημαι ἠγνοήθην
ἠγνόημαι
ἠγνόημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἀγνοέω be ignorant ἀγνοήσω ἠγνόησα ἠγνόηκα ἠγνόημαι ἠγνοήθην
ἠγνοήθην
ἠγνοήθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀγνοέω be ignorant ἀγνοήσω ἠγνόησα ἠγνόηκα ἠγνόημαι ἠγνοήθην
ἄγνῡμι
ἄγνῡμι PRESENT ἄγνῡμι break ἄξω ἔαξα ἔᾱγα ἔαγμαι[2.1] ἐάγην[2.2] [2.1] This form is not attested in LSJ. [2.2] Epic -ᾰ-, Attic -ᾱ-.
ἄξω
ἄξω FUTURE ἄγνῡμι break ἄξω ἔαξα ἔᾱγα ἔαγμαι[2.1] ἐάγην[2.2] [2.1] This form is not attested in LSJ. [2.2] Epic -ᾰ-, Attic -ᾱ-.
ἔαξα
ἔαξα AORIST ἄγνῡμι break ἄξω ἔαξα ἔᾱγα ἔαγμαι[2.1] ἐάγην[2.2] [2.1] This form is not attested in LSJ. [2.2] Epic -ᾰ-, Attic -ᾱ-.
ἔᾱγα
ἔᾱγα PERFECT ἄγνῡμι break ἄξω ἔαξα ἔᾱγα ἔαγμαι[2.1] ἐάγην[2.2] [2.1] This form is not attested in LSJ. [2.2] Epic -ᾰ-, Attic -ᾱ-.
ἔαγμαι
ἔαγμαι PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE ἄγνῡμι break ἄξω ἔαξα ἔᾱγα ἔαγμαι[2.1] ἐάγην[2.2] [2.1] This form is not attested in LSJ. [2.2] Epic -ᾰ-, Attic -ᾱ-.
ἐάγην
ἐάγην AORIST PASSIVE ἄγνῡμι break ἄξω ἔαξα ἔᾱγα ἔαγμαι[2.1] ἐάγην[2.2] [2.1] This form is not attested in LSJ. [2.2] Epic -ᾰ-, Attic -ᾱ-.
ἀγορεύω
ἀγορεύω
PRESENT
ἀγορεύω [3] speak ἐρῶ ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα [4] εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρήθην
[3] Note that, as with λέγω “say”, the tenses of this verb derive from more than one root. This phenomenon is known as suppletion — cf. the principal parts of ἔρχομαι, ἐρωτάω, ἐσθίω, ζάω, ὁράω, τρέχω, τύπτω, φέρω, ὠνέομαι, Latin fero, ferre, tuli, latum, and English “I go, I went, I have gone”, “I am, I was, I have been”.
[4] This aorist1 active is rare in Attic, common in Ionic.
ἐρῶ
ἐρῶ
FUTURE
ἀγορεύω [3] speak ἐρῶ ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα [4] εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρήθην
[3] Note that, as with λέγω “say”, the tenses of this verb derive from more than one root. This phenomenon is known as suppletion — cf. the principal parts of ἔρχομαι, ἐρωτάω, ἐσθίω, ζάω, ὁράω, τρέχω, τύπτω, φέρω, ὠνέομαι, Latin fero, ferre, tuli, latum, and English “I go, I went, I have gone”, “I am, I was, I have been”.
[4] This aorist1 active is rare in Attic, common in Ionic.
ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα
ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα
AORIST
ἀγορεύω [3] speak ἐρῶ ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα [4] εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρήθην
[3] Note that, as with λέγω “say”, the tenses of this verb derive from more than one root. This phenomenon is known as suppletion — cf. the principal parts of ἔρχομαι, ἐρωτάω, ἐσθίω, ζάω, ὁράω, τρέχω, τύπτω, φέρω, ὠνέομαι, Latin fero, ferre, tuli, latum, and English “I go, I went, I have gone”, “I am, I was, I have been”.
[4] This aorist1 active is rare in Attic, common in Ionic.
εἴρηκα
εἴρηκα
PERFECT
ἀγορεύω [3] speak ἐρῶ ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα [4] εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρήθην
[3] Note that, as with λέγω “say”, the tenses of this verb derive from more than one root. This phenomenon is known as suppletion — cf. the principal parts of ἔρχομαι, ἐρωτάω, ἐσθίω, ζάω, ὁράω, τρέχω, τύπτω, φέρω, ὠνέομαι, Latin fero, ferre, tuli, latum, and English “I go, I went, I have gone”, “I am, I was, I have been”.
[4] This aorist1 active is rare in Attic, common in Ionic.
εἴρημαι
εἴρημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἀγορεύω [3] speak ἐρῶ ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα [4] εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρήθην
[3] Note that, as with λέγω “say”, the tenses of this verb derive from more than one root. This phenomenon is known as suppletion — cf. the principal parts of ἔρχομαι, ἐρωτάω, ἐσθίω, ζάω, ὁράω, τρέχω, τύπτω, φέρω, ὠνέομαι, Latin fero, ferre, tuli, latum, and English “I go, I went, I have gone”, “I am, I was, I have been”.
[4] This aorist1 active is rare in Attic, common in Ionic.
ἐρρήθην
ἐρρήθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀγορεύω [3] speak ἐρῶ ἐἶπον, ἐἶπα [4] εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρήθην
[3] Note that, as with λέγω “say”, the tenses of this verb derive from more than one root. This phenomenon is known as suppletion — cf. the principal parts of ἔρχομαι, ἐρωτάω, ἐσθίω, ζάω, ὁράω, τρέχω, τύπτω, φέρω, ὠνέομαι, Latin fero, ferre, tuli, latum, and English “I go, I went, I have gone”, “I am, I was, I have been”.
[4] This aorist1 active is rare in Attic, common in Ionic.
ἄγω
ἄγω
PRESENT
ἄγω lead ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα ἦγμαι ἤχθην
ἄξω
ἄξω
FUTURE
ἄγω lead ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα ἦγμαι ἤχθην
ἤγαγον
ἤγαγον
AORIST
ἄγω lead ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα ἦγμαι ἤχθην
ἦχα
ἦχα
PERFECT
ἄγω lead ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα ἦγμαι ἤχθην
ἦγμαι
ἦγμαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἄγω lead ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα ἦγμαι ἤχθην
ἤχθην
ἤχθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἄγω lead ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα ἦγμαι ἤχθην
ἀδικέω
ἀδικέω
PRESENT
ἀδικέω do wrong ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ἠδίκημαι ἠδικήθην
ἀδικήσω
ἀδικήσω
FUTURE
ἀδικέω do wrong ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ἠδίκημαι ἠδικήθην
ἠδίκησα
ἠδίκησα
AORIST
ἀδικέω do wrong ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ἠδίκημαι ἠδικήθην
ἠδίκηκα
ἠδίκηκα
PERFECT
ἀδικέω do wrong ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ἠδίκημαι ἠδικήθην
ἠδίκημαι
ἠδίκημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἀδικέω do wrong ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ἠδίκημαι ἠδικήθην
ἠδικήθην
ἠδικήθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀδικέω do wrong ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ἠδίκημαι ἠδικήθην
ᾄδω
ᾄδω
PRESENT
ᾄδω sing ᾄσομαι ᾖσα ////////// ᾖσμαι ᾔσθην
ᾄσομαι
ᾄσομαι
FUTURE
ᾄδω sing ᾄσομαι ᾖσα ////////// ᾖσμαι ᾔσθην
ᾖσα
ᾖσα
AORIST
ᾄδω sing ᾄσομαι ᾖσα ////////// ᾖσμαι ᾔσθην
ᾖσμαι
ᾖσμαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ᾄδω sing ᾄσομαι ᾖσα ////////// ᾖσμαι ᾔσθην
ᾔσθην
ᾔσθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ᾄδω sing ᾄσομαι ᾖσα ////////// ᾖσμαι ᾔσθην
αἰδέομαι
αἰδέομαι
PRESENT
αἰδέομαι reverence αἰδέσομαι ᾐδεσάμην [4.01] ////////// ᾔδεσμαι ᾐδέσθην
[4.01] This aorist1 middle means “I pardoned a criminal” in prose, and is otherwise found only in Tragedy.
αἰδέσομαι
αἰδέσομαι
FUTURE
αἰδέομαι reverence αἰδέσομαι ᾐδεσάμην [4.01] ////////// ᾔδεσμαι ᾐδέσθην
[4.01] This aorist1 middle means “I pardoned a criminal” in prose, and is otherwise found only in Tragedy.
ᾐδεσάμην
ᾐδεσάμην
AORIST
αἰδέομαι reverence αἰδέσομαι ᾐδεσάμην [4.01] ////////// ᾔδεσμαι ᾐδέσθην
[4.01] This aorist1 middle means “I pardoned a criminal” in prose, and is otherwise found only in Tragedy.
ᾔδεσμαι
ᾔδεσμαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
αἰδέομαι reverence αἰδέσομαι ᾐδεσάμην [4.01] ////////// ᾔδεσμαι ᾐδέσθην
[4.01] This aorist1 middle means “I pardoned a criminal” in prose, and is otherwise found only in Tragedy.
ᾐδέσθην
ᾐδέσθην
AORIST PASSIVE
αἰδέομαι reverence αἰδέσομαι ᾐδεσάμην [4.01] ////////// ᾔδεσμαι ᾐδέσθην
[4.01] This aorist1 middle means “I pardoned a criminal” in prose, and is otherwise found only in Tragedy.
αἰνέω
αἰνέω
PRESENT
αἰνέω praise -αἰνέσομαι -ᾔνεσα -ᾔνεκα -ᾔνημαι -ᾐνέθην [5]
[5] Not standard in Attic.
-αἰνέσομαι
-αἰνέσομαι
FUTURE
αἰνέω praise -αἰνέσομαι -ᾔνεσα -ᾔνεκα -ᾔνημαι -ᾐνέθην [5]
[5] Not standard in Attic.
-ᾔνεσα
-ᾔνεσα
AORIST
αἰνέω praise -αἰνέσομαι -ᾔνεσα -ᾔνεκα -ᾔνημαι -ᾐνέθην [5]
[5] Not standard in Attic.
-ᾔνεκα
-ᾔνεκα
PERFECT
αἰνέω praise -αἰνέσομαι -ᾔνεσα -ᾔνεκα -ᾔνημαι -ᾐνέθην [5]
[5] Not standard in Attic.
-ᾔνημαι
-ᾔνημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
αἰνέω praise -αἰνέσομαι -ᾔνεσα -ᾔνεκα -ᾔνημαι -ᾐνέθην [5]
[5] Not standard in Attic.
-ᾐνέθην
-ᾐνέθην
AORIST PASSIVE
αἰνέω praise -αἰνέσομαι -ᾔνεσα -ᾔνεκα -ᾔνημαι -ᾐνέθην [5]
[5] Not standard in Attic.
αἱρέω
αἱρέω
PRESENT
αἱρέω [6] take αἱρήσω εἷλον ᾕρηκα ᾕρημαι ᾑρέθην
[6] Middle voice forms mean “to choose”.
αἱρήσω
αἱρήσω
FUTURE
αἱρέω [6] take αἱρήσω εἷλον ᾕρηκα ᾕρημαι ᾑρέθην
[6] Middle voice forms mean “to choose”.
εἷλον
εἷλον
AORIST
αἱρέω [6] take αἱρήσω εἷλον ᾕρηκα ᾕρημαι ᾑρέθην
[6] Middle voice forms mean “to choose”.
ᾕρηκα
ᾕρηκα
PERFECT
αἱρέω [6] take αἱρήσω εἷλον ᾕρηκα ᾕρημαι ᾑρέθην
[6] Middle voice forms mean “to choose”.
ᾕρημαι
ᾕρημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
αἱρέω [6] take αἱρήσω εἷλον ᾕρηκα ᾕρημαι ᾑρέθην
[6] Middle voice forms mean “to choose”.
ᾑρέθην
ᾑρέθην
AORIST PASSIVE
αἱρέω [6] take αἱρήσω εἷλον ᾕρηκα ᾕρημαι ᾑρέθην
[6] Middle voice forms mean “to choose”.
αἴρω
αἴρω
PRESENT
αἴρω raise ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἦρθην
ἀρῶ
ἀρῶ
FUTURE
αἴρω raise ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἦρθην
ἦρα
ἦρα
AORIST
αἴρω raise ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἦρθην
ἦρκα
ἦρκα
PERFECT
αἴρω raise ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἦρθην
ἦρμαι
ἦρμαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
αἴρω raise ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἦρθην
ἦρθην
ἦρθην
AORIST PASSIVE
αἴρω raise ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἦρθην
αἰσθάνομαι
αἰσθάνομαι
PRESENT
αἰσθάνομαι perceive αἰσθήσομαι ᾐσθόμην ////////// ᾔσθημαι //////////
αἰσθήσομαι
αἰσθήσομαι
FUTURE
αἰσθάνομαι perceive αἰσθήσομαι ᾐσθόμην ////////// ᾔσθημαι //////////
ᾐσθόμην
ᾐσθόμην
AORIST
αἰσθάνομαι perceive αἰσθήσομαι ᾐσθόμην ////////// ᾔσθημαι //////////
ᾔσθημαι
ᾔσθημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
αἰσθάνομαι perceive αἰσθήσομαι ᾐσθόμην ////////// ᾔσθημαι //////////
αἰσχύνω
αἰσχύνω
PRESENT
αἰσχύνω disgrace αἰσχυνῶ ᾔσχῡνα ////////// ////////// //////////
αἰσχυνῶ
αἰσχυνῶ
FUTURE
αἰσχύνω disgrace αἰσχυνῶ ᾔσχῡνα ////////// ////////// //////////
ᾔσχῡνα
ᾔσχῡνα
AORIST
αἰσχύνω disgrace αἰσχυνῶ ᾔσχῡνα ////////// ////////// //////////
αἰσχύνομαι
αἰσχύνομαι
PRESENT
αἰσχύνομαι be ashamed αἰσχυνοῦμαι ////////// ////////// ////////// ᾐσχύνθην
αἰσχυνοῦμαι
αἰσχυνοῦμαι
FUTURE
αἰσχύνομαι be ashamed αἰσχυνοῦμαι ////////// ////////// ////////// ᾐσχύνθην
ᾐσχύνθην
ᾐσχύνθην
AORIST PASSIVE
αἰσχύνομαι be ashamed αἰσχυνοῦμαι ////////// ////////// ////////// ᾐσχύνθην
αἰτέω
αἰτέω
PRESENT
αἰτέω ask αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ᾔτημαι ᾐτήθην
αἰτήσω
αἰτήσω
FUTURE
αἰτέω ask αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ᾔτημαι ᾐτήθην
ᾔτησα
ᾔτησα
AORIST
αἰτέω ask αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ᾔτημαι ᾐτήθην
ᾔτηκα
ᾔτηκα
PERFECT
αἰτέω ask αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ᾔτημαι ᾐτήθην
ᾔτημαι
ᾔτημαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
αἰτέω ask αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ᾔτημαι ᾐτήθην
ᾐτήθην
ᾐτήθην
AORIST PASSIVE
αἰτέω ask αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ᾔτημαι ᾐτήθην
ἀκούω
ἀκούω
PRESENT
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ////////// ἠκούσθην
ἀκούσομαι
ἀκούσομαι
FUTURE
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ////////// ἠκούσθην
ἤκουσα
ἤκουσα
AORIST
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ////////// ἠκούσθην
ἀκήκοα
ἀκήκοα
PERFECT
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ////////// ἠκούσθην
ἠκούσθην
ἠκούσθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ////////// ἠκούσθην
ἁλίσκομαι
ἁλίσκομαι
PRESENT
ἁλίσκομαι be caught ἁλώσομαι ἑάλων, ἥλων ἑάλωκα, ἥλωκα ////////// //////////
ἁλώσομαι
ἁλώσομαι
FUTURE
ἁλίσκομαι be caught ἁλώσομαι ἑάλων, ἥλων ἑάλωκα, ἥλωκα ////////// //////////
ἑάλων, ἥλων
ἑάλων, ἥλων
AORIST
ἁλίσκομαι be caught ἁλώσομαι ἑάλων, ἥλων ἑάλωκα, ἥλωκα ////////// //////////
ἑάλωκα, ἥλωκα
ἑάλωκα, ἥλωκα
PERFECT
ἁλίσκομαι be caught ἁλώσομαι ἑάλων, ἥλων ἑάλωκα, ἥλωκα ////////// //////////
ἀλλάττω
ἀλλάττω
PRESENT
ἀλλάττω [7] change ἀλλάξω ἤλλαξα -ἤλλαχα ἤλλαγμαι ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
[7] Attic and Boeotian only: elsewhere ἀλλάσσω.
ἀλλάξω
ἀλλάξω
FUTURE
ἀλλάττω [7] change ἀλλάξω ἤλλαξα -ἤλλαχα ἤλλαγμαι ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
[7] Attic and Boeotian only: elsewhere ἀλλάσσω.
ἤλλαξα
ἤλλαξα
AORIST
ἀλλάττω [7] change ἀλλάξω ἤλλαξα -ἤλλαχα ἤλλαγμαι ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
[7] Attic and Boeotian only: elsewhere ἀλλάσσω.
-ἤλλαχα
-ἤλλαχα
PERFECT
ἀλλάττω [7] change ἀλλάξω ἤλλαξα -ἤλλαχα ἤλλαγμαι ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
[7] Attic and Boeotian only: elsewhere ἀλλάσσω.
ἤλλαγμαι
ἤλλαγμαι
PERFECT MIDDLE PASSIVE
ἀλλάττω [7] change ἀλλάξω ἤλλαξα -ἤλλαχα ἤλλαγμαι ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
[7] Attic and Boeotian only: elsewhere ἀλλάσσω.
ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
AORIST PASSIVE
ἀλλάττω [7] change ἀλλάξω ἤλλαξα -ἤλλαχα ἤλλαγμαι ἠλλάγην, ἠλλάχθην
[7] Attic and Boeotian only: elsewhere ἀλλάσσω.