Greek sound change rules - Tiarcs Flashcards
When a P or K sound comes before a T sound….
The P or K sound must belong (change) to the same class as the T sound belongs.
Note: ἐκ, out of, makes an exception in compound words: ἐκ-δίδωμι, ἐκ-θέω
Division of the nine mute consonants
Is into three sounds, with these three sounds forming three classes according to their aspiration:
tenues mediae aspiratae
1. P sound - π β φ
2. K sound - κ γ χ
3. T sound - τ δ θ
One T sound before another is …..
- Commonly* changed into -σ:
- ἐκειθθυν -> ἐκεισθυν;
- πέφραδται -> πέφρασται
When two aspirates stand along in two consecutive syllables …
The former is changed into a tenuis:
-φεφίληκα -> πεφίληκα
(Note to be added later)
When the second of two aspirates in two succeeding syllables, which has changed the first into a tenuis, disappears ….
The tenuis changes back into the aspirate.
- θάφος into πάφος but then θάπτω
When a P sound comes before σ …
The two are contracted into ψ.
When a K sound comes before σ …
The two are contracted into ξ.
When a T sound comes before σ …
It is thrown away.
When a P sound comes before μ …
It is changed into μ.
- τέτυπμαι -> τέτυμμαι
When a K sound comes before μ …
It is changed into γ.
- πέπλεκμαι -> πέπλεγμαι
- βέθρεχμαι -> βέθπεγμαι
When a T sound comes before μ …
It is changed into σ.
- ἤνυτμαι -> ἤνυσμαι
- πέπειθμαι -> πέπεισμαι
The letter ν (Nu) before a P sound (including ψ) …
Is changed into μ.
- λενπάνω -> λεμπάνω
- λανθάνω -> λαμθάνω
The letter ν (Nu) before a K sound (including ξ) …
Is changed into γ and pronounced ‘ng’ as in ‘sing’.
- ἔνκειμαι -> ἔγκειμαι
- φυνγάνω -> φυγγάνω
The letter ν (Nu) before a T sound …
Remains unchanged.
The letter ν (Nu) before another liquid (λ, μ, ρ) …
Is changed into the same.
- ἐνμένω -> ἐμμένω
