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jewish History > Greek Period and Roman Period > Flashcards

Greek Period and Roman Period Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

A king of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

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3
Q

What significant work did Alexander the Great initiate regarding the Hebrew Scriptures?

A

He commissioned the translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, known as the Septuagint.

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4
Q

What is the Septuagint?

A

The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

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5
Q

In which city was the Septuagint translated?

A

Alexandria, Egypt.

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6
Q

What was the Maccabean Revolt?

A

A Jewish uprising against the Seleucid Empire and the Hellenistic influence on Jewish life.

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7
Q

When did the Maccabean Revolt occur?

A

From 167 to 160 BCE.

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8
Q

Who led the Maccabean Revolt?

A

Judas Maccabeus.

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9
Q

What is Hanukkah also known as?

A

The Festival of Lights.

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10
Q

What miracle is associated with Hanukkah?

A

The miracle of the oil that lasted eight days in the rededicated Temple.

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11
Q

According to the Talmud, how many days did the oil in the Temple menorah last?

A

Eight days.

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12
Q

True or False: The Maccabean Revolt was primarily a military conflict.

A

True.

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13
Q

What does the term ‘Maccabee’ mean?

A

Hammer.

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14
Q

What was the outcome of the Maccabean Revolt?

A

The establishment of the Hasmonean dynasty and Jewish independence.

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15
Q

Which empire did the Maccabees fight against?

A

The Seleucid Empire.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The Maccabean Revolt began in the year _____ BCE.

A

167.

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17
Q

What festival commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple?

A

Hanukkah.

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18
Q

What does the Talmud say about the source of the miracle of Hanukkah?

A

It states that a small amount of pure oil miraculously lasted for eight days.

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19
Q

What role did the Hasmoneans play after the Maccabean Revolt?

A

They established a dynasty that ruled Judea.

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20
Q

True or False: The Septuagint is still used by Jews today as their primary scripture.

A

False.

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21
Q

What was one of the main reasons for the Maccabean Revolt?

A

Resistance against Hellenization and the imposition of Greek culture.

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22
Q

Who was Antiochus IV Epiphanes?

A

The Seleucid king whose policies led to the Maccabean Revolt.

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23
Q

What is the significance of the Menorah during Hanukkah?

A

It is lit to commemorate the miracle of the oil.

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24
Q

What is the primary source of information regarding the Maccabean Revolt?

A

The books of Maccabees in the Apocrypha.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The Talmud contains discussions and interpretations of Jewish law, ethics, customs, and _____ .

A

history.

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26
Q

What was the initial goal of the Maccabean Revolt?

A

To restore Jewish worship and practices in the Temple.

27
Q

Multiple Choice: What does the term ‘Hellenization’ refer to? A) The spread of Greek culture, B) The establishment of Jewish law, C) The creation of the Septuagint.

A

A) The spread of Greek culture.

28
Q

What does the story of Hanukkah emphasize in Jewish tradition?

A

Faith, perseverance, and divine intervention.

29
Q

True or False: The Maccabean Revolt was successful in securing Jewish autonomy.

A

True.

30
Q

Who were the main opponents of the Maccabees during the revolt?

A

The Seleucid forces and their allies.

31
Q

What is the origin of the name ‘Hanukkah’?

A

It means ‘dedication’ in Hebrew.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The miracle of Hanukkah occurred in the year _____ BCE.

A

164.

33
Q

What type of oil was used in the Temple menorah?

A

Olive oil.

34
Q

Which Jewish holiday celebrates the victory of the Maccabees?

A

Hanukkah.

35
Q

What was the primary source of conflict in the Maccabean Revolt?

A

Cultural and religious oppression by the Seleucid Empire.

36
Q

What is one way in which Alexander the Great’s conquests affected Jewish culture?

A

It led to increased Hellenistic influence on Jewish life and thought.

37
Q

What does the term ‘Hasmonean’ refer to?

A

The dynasty established by the Maccabees after their victory.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: The Maccabean Revolt was a response to the decrees of _____ IV Epiphanes.

A

Antiochus.

39
Q

What is the significance of the rededication of the Second Temple?

A

It marked the restoration of Jewish worship and the miracle of the oil.

40
Q

What does the term ‘Menorah’ refer to?

A

A seven-branched candelabrum used in Jewish worship.

41
Q
A
42
Q

What is Kiddush HaShem?

A

Kiddush HaShem refers to the sanctification of God’s name, often through acts of martyrdom or self-sacrifice for one’s faith.

43
Q

Who was Chana in Jewish tradition?

A

Chana is a biblical figure known for her unwavering faith and for being the mother of seven sons who were martyred for their beliefs.

44
Q

How did Chana respond to her sons’ execution?

A

Chana encouraged her sons to remain steadfast in their faith, demonstrating great courage and conviction.

45
Q

What did Chana’s sons refuse to do?

A

Chana’s sons refused to renounce their faith in God, even under threat of death.

46
Q

What is the significance of Chana and her Seven Sons in Jewish history?

A

They are seen as symbols of faith, sacrifice, and the ultimate commitment to God.

47
Q

True or False: Chana’s sons were executed by a king who demanded they worship idols.

A

True.

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The act of sacrificing one’s life for the sanctification of God’s name is called _____ .

A

Kiddush HaShem.

49
Q

What lesson do the stories of Chana and her sons teach about faith?

A

They teach the importance of remaining true to one’s beliefs even in the face of persecution.

50
Q

Who are the Hassidim?

A

The Hassidim are members of a Jewish mystical movement known for their piety and devotion.

51
Q

What stance did the Hassidim take regarding fighting on Shabbat?

A

The Hassidim refused to fight on Shabbat, viewing it as a day of rest and holiness.

52
Q

True or False: The Hassidim believe that preserving life overrides the prohibitions of Shabbat.

A

False; they prioritize the sanctity of Shabbat even in dire situations.

53
Q

What does the refusal to fight on Shabbat illustrate about the Hassidim’s values?

A

It illustrates their commitment to religious observance and the sanctity of the Sabbath.

54
Q

Multiple Choice: What is a common theme in the stories of Chana and her sons and the Hassidim’s refusal to fight on Shabbat? A) Wealth, B) Faith, C) Technology

A

B) Faith.

55
Q

What does the term ‘martyrdom’ refer to in the context of Chana and her sons?

A

Martyrdom refers to the act of dying for one’s religious beliefs.

56
Q

Short Answer: How is the concept of Kiddush HaShem relevant today?

A

It remains relevant as a call to uphold one’s faith and values, often in challenging situations.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: The martyrdom of Chana’s sons is commemorated in Jewish tradition as a profound example of _____ .

A

Kiddush HaShem.

58
Q

What impact did Chana’s story have on Jewish teachings?

A

Chana’s story has been used to inspire generations regarding the virtues of faith and sacrifice.

59
Q

True or False: The stories of Chana and her sons are only found in the Talmud.

A

False; they are also part of other Jewish texts and traditions.

60
Q

What does the term ‘Shabbat’ mean?

A

Shabbat is the Jewish Sabbath, a day of rest and spiritual enrichment.

61
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following actions demonstrates Kiddush HaShem? A) Denying one’s faith, B) Martyrdom for one’s beliefs, C) Ignoring religious laws.

A

B) Martyrdom for one’s beliefs.

62
Q

What is the historical context of Chana and her Seven Sons?

A

They lived during a time of persecution when Jews were often forced to abandon their faith.

63
Q

Short Answer: Why is the refusal to fight on Shabbat considered a significant act by the Hassidim?

A

It underscores their unwavering commitment to religious observance and the sanctity of the Sabbath.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: The narrative of Chana and her sons is often invoked in discussions of _____ .

A

faith and sacrifice.

jewish History (1 decks)

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