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ELA > Greek Mythology: The Olympians > Flashcards

Greek Mythology: The Olympians Flashcards

1
Q

Hestia is goddess of

A

Goddess of the hearth and its fire

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2
Q

Hestia’s Roman name

A

Vesta

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3
Q

Facts about Hestia

A
  • renounced all sexual love; swore an oath of eternal chastity
  • never left Olympus; played no part in the stories of
  • was nonetheless honoured as a central deity that was worshipped in every home and in all the temples of the gods
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4
Q

Demeter is goddess of

A

Goddess of the crops - sustainer of life to men and beast alike

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5
Q

Demeter’s Roman name

A

Ceres

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6
Q

Facts about Demeter

A
  • with brother Zeus, bore Persephone
  • principal myth: The Rape of Persephone
  • 4 months of every year, when Persephone is in the Underworld, Demeter refused to let things grow
  • temperamental: turned Ascalabus into a lizard for calling her greedy, and cursed Erysichthon with a hunger so strong that he died by gnawing away at his own flesh
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8
Q

Hera’s Roman name

A

Juno

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8
Q

Hera is goddess of

A

Goddess of marriage and childbirth

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9
Q

Facts about Hera

A
  • with Zeus, bore two Olympians: Ares and Hephaestus, though some myths of Hephaestus being born of Hera alone
  • marital problems due to Zeus’ infidelity
  • punished mortals when offended (i.e. after the Judgement of Paris, Hera sided with the Greeks against the Trojans; Hera also set the monstrous Sphinx upon Thebes after being dishonoured)
  • often portrayed in art carrying a sceptre and wearing a crown
  • Her royal bird is the peacock, whose tail-feathers are decorated with the many eyes of “All-Seeing Argus”, who was slain at the hands of Hermes
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10
Q

Hades’ Roman name

A

Pluto

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11
Q

Hades is king of

A

King of the Underworld, which itself is often called Hades. He rules over the dead

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12
Q

Facts about Hades

A
  • When the sons of Cronus divided the universe, they kept the earth and Olympus common ground; Zeus took the heavens, Poseidon the seas, and Hades the Underworld
  • his kingdom bore no resemblance to the Christian Hell
  • had a mistress named Menthe, who was trampled underfoot by Persephone, turning her into the mint plant
  • possessed a cap of darkness which conferred invisibility on the wearer; he often lent it out. (i.e Athena, Hermes, Perseus)
  • had only a small cult as he had little to do with the living –rarely represented in classical art
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13
Q

Poseidon’s Roman name

A

Neptune

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14
Q

Poseidon is god of

A

God of the sea, also god of horses

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15
Q

Facts about Poseidon

A
  • fearsome rage brought violent storms and earthquakes
  • referred to as “Earth Shaker”
  • loved to “woo” goddesses and mortal women alike
  • married a Nereid name Amphitrite, who bore the merman named Triton
  • fathering numerous children with many mistresses
  • shape-shifter (i.e. ram, bull, dolphin, bird)
  • in art, has a trident, but often holding a fish, surrounded by sea creatures
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16
Q

Who is this about? From the Iliad (13:23-30) “He harnessed to his chariot his two bronze-shod horses, swift of foot, with long, streaming manes of gold. Himself clothed in gold, he seized his well-wrought golden whip, then climbing into his chariot he drove across the waves. On every side, from the deeps of the sea, came dolphins, playing in his path, acknowledging their lord, and the sea parted in joy, cleaving a path before him. So swiftly sped the horses that never once was the axle of bronze beneath made wet with foam.”

A

Poseidon

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17
Q

Zeus is god of

A

God of the sky. God of law and justice. He is king of the gods.

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18
Q

Zeus bore

A
  • with Metis, bore Athena
  • with Leto, bore Apollo and Artemis
  • with Maia, bore Hermes
  • with Semele, bore Dionysus
19
Q

Facts about Zeus

A
  • weapon was the thunderbolt - the symbol of power and invincibility over gods and men alike
  • was almost overthrown several times (even by his brother, Poseidon, but remained king-god forever)
  • attributed as the father of men (though some myths give this title to Prometheus)
  • married to Hera
  • often disguised to seduce mortal women
  • in art, he is geared, holding a thunderbolt or sceptre, with an eagle
  • one of the Seven Wonders of the World
20
Q

Zeus’ Roman name

A

Jupiter or Jove

21
Q

Athena’s Roman name

A

Minerva

22
Q

Athena is goddess of

A

Goddess of war and handicrafts

23
Q

Facts about Athena

A

-Patron goddess of Athens after defeating Poseidon in a contest
-Depicted wearing full armed, with helmet, aegis (goatskin cape infringed with snakes and decorated with the Gorgon’s head), spear and shield, and often with a wise owl on her shoulder
-Born from Zeus‘ head after he swallowed her mother during pregnancy; she was freed when Hephaestus chopped open Zeus‘ head with an axe. Athena came out, fully armed, shouting a war cry that resounded throughout the heavens
-

24
Q

Apollo’s Roman name

A

Apollo

25
Q

Apollo is god of

A

God of prophecy and divination, the patron of music and the arts, and the leader of the Muses

26
Q

Facts about Apollo

A
  • Known as the “shining one”, known as the sun god often identified with Helios
  • god of healing and archery (“Lord of the Silver Bow”)
  • plays a part in many myths through prophecy
  • seen in art as young, beardless, often naked - the epitome of male beauty; he is often holding a lyre and bow
27
Q

Artemis’ Roman name

A

Diana

28
Q

Artemis is goddess of

A

Goddess of hunting and of women (during childbirth)

29
Q

Facts about Artemis

A
  • protectress of wild nature and all young living things
  • sister of Apollo, too great archer-deity
  • in art carrying a bow and arrows, wearing animal skins and accompanied by animals, especially deer
30
Q

Hermes’ Roman name

A

Mercury

31
Q

Hermes is god of

A

God of travellers. God of merchants and thieves

32
Q

Facts about Hermes

A
  • the gods’’ herald and messenger
  • principal myth: the stealing of Apollo’s sheep the invention of the lyre, killing of Argus
  • in art carrying his herald staff, wearing an oft winged wide-brimmed hat, winged sandals
33
Q

Hephaestus’ Roman name

A

Vulcan

34
Q

Hephaestus is god of

A

God of forge: metalworking and fire

35
Q

Facts about Hephaestus

A
  • volcanoes are his forges
  • created Pandora, armour for Achilles, Heracles, and Zeus, the net that ensnared Aphrodite and Ares, the chair that bound Hera, the bronze fire-breathing bulls of Aeetes, etc.
  • principal myth: his birth and rejection
  • In art, he often wields an axe or blacksmith’s tongs
36
Q

Ares’ Roman name

A

Mars

37
Q

Ares is god of

A

God of war

38
Q

Facts about Ares

A
  • more worshipped by the Romans than the Greeks,
  • Ares still held importance in Greek mythology
  • stands for bloodlust and the mindless frenzy of battle
  • delighted in the blood and slaughter, relished in the tumult, confusion and horror of war
  • had sons Phobos and Deimos (Terror and Fear)
  • unpopular on earth and Olympus
  • affair with Aphrodite, both of whom were caught up in Hephaestus’ invisible net and were put on display for all the gods to witness their infidelity
  • typically portrayed in classical art as a bystander, but sometimes depicted in Hephaestus’ net with Aphrodite
39
Q

Aphrodite’s Roman name

A

Venus

40
Q

Aphrodite is goddess of

A

Goddess of erotic love, beauty, and sexual desire

41
Q

Facts about Aphrodite

A
  • sometimes believed to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione
  • more commonly believed to have originated from the foam in the sea where Cronus’ genitalia were thrown (aphros = foam)
  • married to Hephaestus, but had affairs
  • notably, she helped spark the Trojan War
  • famous sculpture - Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo)
42
Q

Dionysus’ Roman name

A

Bacchus

43
Q

Dionysus is god of

A

God of wine and intoxication, god of ritual madness, and ecstatic liberation from everyday identity, god of theatre and impersonation

44
Q

Facts about Dionysus

A
  • Homer calls him “a joy for mortals”
  • Had a strong cult of followers, who would go onto the mountainside to participate in wild frenzy rituals, which often included sacrifices, orgies, and other crazy behaviours
  • His train of followers include Satyrs
  • Etiology - Dolphins
  • Actively involved in the myth of King Midas
  • Presented as young and beardless and either naked or half-naked

ELA (5 decks)

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