GREEK LAW

Question 1

Apagoge, ephegesis, endeixis, apographe, eisangelia, probole, dokimasia, euthynai

Answer 1

Types of public cases that volunteer prosecutors could bring, often called “summary procedures.” (Note from Dr. Nousek: you should know these as a group, and with reference to what type of cases they are used.)

Question 2

Archon Basileus

Answer 2

An archon who was responsible for laws regarding religion, homicide, and acts of deliberate wounding.

Question 3

Archon Eponymous:

Answer 3

An archon who controlled property and family matters (e.g. inheritance), and particular religious festivals. Athenians organized their years by the names of the Eponymous Archon.

Question 4

Archon Polemarchus:

Answer 4

An archon who was responsible for laws dealing with non-Athenians

Question 5

Archon

Answer 5

A chief magistrate in Athens; a title for a type of public office

Question 6

Areopagus:

Answer 6

An aristocratic council and court that dealt with offences concerning intentional homicide, wounding, arson, the destruction of sacred olive trees, and tyranny.

Question 7

Atimia (=disenfranchisement):

Answer 7

A way to discourage sycophancy by punishing a sycophant through atimia. The sycophant’s goods would be confiscated and a third of the proceeds would be paid to his accuser.

Question 8

Boule:

Answer 8

A citizen council compromising of 500 members that determined the agenda for the Ekklesia (assembly), and performed other miscellaneous duties.

Question 9

Dikastai/dikastes:

Answer 9

Jurors

Question 10

Dike

Answer 10

In Classical mythology, Dike is the virgin daughter of Zeus. In early Greek literature, authors use “dike” to refer to an orderly means of dispute resolution. Homer and Hesiod use “dike” to refer to “law,” “judgement,” or “justice.” In legal procedures, “dike” refers to a law case or lawsuit. A private case was called dike idia and public case dike demosia, however, “dike” eventually evolved to mean private case. Dike (private cases) referred to cases concerning matters that were related to an individual rather than the whole community. In dike cases, only the wronged individual could act as the plaintiff/prosecutor.

Question 11

Eisangelia

Answer 11

The procedure by which the prosecutor denounces the defendant to the Ekklesia or Boule or to the Archon; for treason or new wrongs (things that were wrong but no rule or law existed yet); to prosecute three distinct types of conduct that were considered injurious to the State: subverting the democracy, betrayal, and misleading the people.

Question 12

Ekklesia

Answer 12

Assembly of all Athenian citizens (men over 18)

Question 13

Graphe

Answer 13

A public case/action; the procedure by which a volunteer prosecutor could bring about a suit on behalf of a third party or regarding matters that affected the community at large

Question 14

Heliaia

Answer 14

The term used when the Ekklesia convened for a judicial purpose.

Question 15

Kyrios:

Answer 15

An adult male who was legally responsible for a woman (her husband) or child (its father) and could bring a cause of action before the thesmothetai for graphe moicheias or dike biaien before the Forty.

Question 16

Lex:

Answer 16

The Latin term for law or statute.

Question 17

Logographoi:

Answer 17

Speech writers who constructed written arguments for litigants.

Question 18

Martyria:

Answer 18

A testimony.

Question 19

Nomos/Nomoi:

Answer 19

Greek term for law/laws. Nomos initially meant “custom” but eventually evolved to mean “statute” or “written law”.

Question 20

Nomothetai:

Answer 20

law givers” or “legislators” who had to approved every law after the Ekklesia (assembly)

Question 21

Paragraphe:

Answer 21

A procedural challenge; “prosecution in opposition”, “counter prosecution”; a technical legal mechanism employed by defendants

Question 22

Polis

Answer 22

city, city-state, state. A Greek polis is more than just the physical place of a city; it designates the community of citizens who live there.

Question 23

Prosklesis

Answer 23

a summons or “call to court”; the summons had to alert the defendant to three facts: 1. Date on which the defendant was to appear; 2. the magistrate(s) before whom the defendant was to appear; 3. The alleged wrong for which the defendant was to appear

Question 24

Psephisma/psephismata:

Answer 24

Statutes that were approved by the Boule. A psephisma typically begins with a prescript that identifies the year of enactment and the procedure used to bring about enactment, followed by the prohibited conduct and prescribed punishment.

Question 25

Strategoi:

Answer 25

A board of generals who had jurisdiction in military affairs

Question 26

The Eleven:

Answer 26

Dealt with suits involving kakourgoi and cases that required the defendant to be incarcerated while awaiting trial

Question 27

The Forty:

Answer 27

Judges who heard majority of the private cases brought by means of a dike (except under the jurisdiction of the Archon, Thesmothetai, or some other specialized court)

Question 28

Thesmothetai

Answer 28

In charge of many types of cases (some graphe and some dike cases)

Question 29

Trauma ek pronoias:

Answer 29

wounding with the intent” to kill; battery; battery with a weapon