Greek Core List Flashcards
ἄν
[marks verbs as potential (with optative), or generalizing (with subjunctive)]
ὦ
oh! (unemphatic when with the vocative)
ὥσπερ
just as, as if
ὥστε
(introducing natural or actual result clause) so as, so that, (with the result) that
ἄνευ
without (+gen.)
ὑπέρ
for (+gen), beyond (+acc.)
διά
through, during, because of (+gen., acc.)
μετά
with (+gen.); after (+acc.)
πλήν
(prep.) except (+gen.); (conj.) except that, unless, but
περ
[enclitic added to pronouns and other particles for emphasis]
μήν
[emphasizes preceding particle]
μέν…δέ
on the one hand…on the other hand (often untranslated); μέν (by itself) indeed
δή
surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness)
δέ
and; but
γε
(enclitic) indeed; at least, at any rate
ἆρα
[introduces a question]
ἕκαστος ἑκάστη ἕκαστον
each (of several)
ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν
I, we
ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ
him- her- itself (reflexive pron.)
αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό
him- her- itself etc. (for emphasis); the same (with article); (pron.) him, her, it etc. (in oblique cases)
συμφέρω, συνοίσω, 1 aor. συνήνεγκα
benefit, be useful or profitable to (+dat.); (impers.) συμφέρει it is of use, expedient (+infin.); τὸ συμφέρον use, profit, advantage
ἄλλως
otherwise
ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο
other, another
ἀλλήλων –οις
(oblique cases plural only) one another, each other
σωτηρία σωτηρίας, ἡ
safety, deliverance
σῴζω, σώσω, ἔσωσα, σέσωκα, ἐσώθην
save
ἑκάτερος ἑκατέρα ἑκάτερον
each (of two)
ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνον
that person or thing; ἐκεῖνος…οὗτος the former…the latter
ὅσπερ ἥπερ ὅπερ
the very one who, the very thing which
ὅσος ὅση ὅσον
however much; as great as; (in pl.) as many as; ὅσον (adv.) as much as
ὅς ἥ ὅ
who, which, that
οἷος οἵα οἷον
such as, of what sort, like, (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+infin.) fit or able to; οἷόν τε (+infin.) it is possible to
ὅδε ἥδε τόδε
this
ὁ ἡ τό
the
μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν
no one, nothing
ἴδιος ἰδία ἴδιον
one’s own; peculiar, separate, distinct
ἡμέτερος ἡμετέρα ἡμέτρον
our
ἕτερος ἑτέρα ἕτερον
the other (of two); other, another
ἐμός ἐμή ἐμόν
my, mine
κομίζω, κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα, κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι, ἐκομίσθην
take care of, provide for
ἱκανός –ή –όν
sufficient, enough; competent, able to (+infin.)
βοηθέω, βοηθήσω, ἐβοήθησα, βεβοήθηκα
help, assist (+dat.)
παραδίδωμι, παραδώσω, παρέδωκα, παραδέδωκα, παραδέδομαι, παρεδόθην
transmit, hand over, surrender
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην
take, grasp, seize; receive, get
κτάομαι, κτήσομαι, ἐκτησάμην, κέκτημαι
get, gain, acquire
κατασκευάζω, κατασκευάσω, κατεσκεύασα
equip, furnish, make ready
καταλαμβάνω, καταλήψομαι, κατέλαβον, κατείληφα, κατείλημμαι, κατελήφθην
seize, catch up with, arrest, compel
δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην
give, grant, offer
δέω, δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην
lack, miss, stand in need of (+gen.)
ἀφίημι, ἀφήσω, ἀφῆκα, ἀφεῖκα, ἀφεῖμαι, ἀφείθην
send away, let go; let alone, neglect
ἀφαιρέω, ἀφαιρήσω, ἀφεῖλον, ἀφῄρηκα, ἀφῄρημαι, ἀφῃρέθην
take from, take away
ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω, ἀπέδωκα, ἀποδέδωκα, ἀποδέδομαι, ἀπεδόθην
give back; render; allow; (mid.) sell
παρέχω, παρέξω, παρέσχον, παρέσχηκα, impf. παρεῖχον
provide, present, offer; allow, grant
προσήκω προσήξω
belong to, have to do with; be fitting for (+dat.); arrive at; οἱ προσήκοντες relatives; τὰ προσήκoντα duties
ἀπαλλάσσω, ἀπαλλάξω, ἀπήλλαξα, ἀπήλλαχα, ἀπήλλαγμαι, ἀπηλλάχθην or ἀπηλλάγην
set free, release, deliver
φαίνω, φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνην
bring to light, make appear, make clear; (pass.) come to light, be seen, appear, appear to be (+ptc. or infin.)
σημεῖον σημείου, τό
sign, signal, mark
σαφής σαφές
clear, distinct, plain
ζητέω, ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα
seek
δηλόω, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, ἐδηλώθην
show, declare, explain
δῆλος δήλη δῆλον
visible, clear, manifest
δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην
show, point out
ὑπολαμβάνω, ὑπολήψομαι, ὑπέλαβον, ὑπείληφα, ὑπείλημμαι, ὑπελήφθην
take up, seize; answer, reply; assume, suppose
προστίθημι, προσθήσω, προσέθηκα, προστέθηκα, προστέθειμαι (but commonly προσκεῖμαι instead), προσετέθην
add; (med.) join
εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, 2 aor. ηὗρον or εὗρον, ηὕρηκα or εὕρηκα, εὕρημαι, εὑρέθην
find (out), discover, devise
ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι
anyone who, anything which; (in indir. quest.) who, which, what
ὅπως
how, as; so that, in order that (+subj. or opt.)
ὅπου
where, wherever
ὅμως
nevertheless, all the same, notwithstanding
ναί
indeed, yes (used in strong affirmation)
μήτε…μήτε
neither…nor
μηδέ
and not
μή
not (marks the negative as subjective or conditional); εἰ μή if not, except
μέντοι
however; of course
μᾶλλον
more, rather; μᾶλλον…ἤ rather than
μάλιστα
most, most of all; (in replies) certainly
ὅταν (ὅτε-ἄν)
whenever (+subj.)
ὅτι
because, that; (with superl.) as…as possible
τοίνυν (τοί-νυν)
therefore, accordingly (inferential); further, moreover (transitional)
τε
and; τε…τε both…and
πάνυ
altogether, entirely
πάντως
altogether, in all ways; at any rate
οὕτως
in this way
οὔτε…οὔτε
neither…nor
οὖν
therefore, accordingly; at any rate
οὐκοῦν
surely then (inviting assent to an inference)
οὐδέ
and not, but not, nor; οὐδέ…οὐδέ not even…nor yet
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ
not (with indicative verbs)
μάλα
very, very much
κἄν (καὶ-ἄν)
even if (+subj.)
καίτοι (καί-τοι)
and indeed, and yet
τοιόσδε τοιάδε τοιόνδε
such (as this), of such a sort (as this)
τίς τί
who? what? which? (interrog. pron./adj.)
σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν
you
σός σή σόν
your, yours (sg.; ὑμέτερος = pl.)
ποῦ
where
πότερος ποτέρα πότερον
which of the two? πότερον whether
ποῖος ποία ποῖον
what sort of?
οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο
this, these; μετὰ ταῦτα after this
οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν
no one, nothing
ὡς
as, since; (introducing purpose clause) so that (+subj./opt.); (introducing indir. statement) that
τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο
such, of such a sort
ὑμέτερος ὑμετέρα ὑμέτερον
your, yours (pl.; σός = sg.)
ἀλλά
but
καί
and, also, even; καί…καί both…and
ἵνα
in order that (conj. +subj. or opt.); where (rel. adv. +indic.)
ἦ
truly (emphasizes what follows)
εὖ
well (opp. κακῶς); thoroughly, competently; happily, fortunately
ἕνεκα
on account of, for the sake of (+gen.)
εἴτε…εἴτε
whether…or
γάρ
for (explanatory), indeed, in fact (confirming)
ἐάν (εἰ-ἄν)
if (+subj.)
εἰ
if (+indic. or opt.); εἴπερ if indeed
εἶτα
then, next
περί
around, about; concerning (+gen.)
παρά
from (+gen.); beside (+dat.); to, to the side of, contrary to (+acc.)
ὅθεν
from where, whence
μεταξύ
between
κατά
down, down (from or along), throughout, according to; κατὰ γῆν by land; κατὰ φύσιν in accordance with nature; κατ’ ἔθνη by nations; καθ᾿ἕνα one by one.
ἐπί
at (+gen.); on (+dat.); on to, against (+acc.)
ἔξω
outside; except
ἐνταῦθα
here, there
ἔνθα
there
ἐναντίος ἐναντία ἐναντίον
opposite, facing; opposing
ἐν
in, among (+dat.)
πρός
from the side of, in the presence of (+gen.); near, at, in addition to (+dat.); to, towards, in relation to (+acc.)
ὑπό
under (+gen., dat.); by (+gen. of personal agent); down under (+acc.)
ἕπομαι ἕψομαι, 2 aor. ἑσπόμην
follow
ἐλαύνω, ἐλῶ, ἤλασα, -ελήλακα, ἐλήλαμαι, ἠλάθην
drive, set in motion
εἶμι, infin. ἰέναι, ptc. ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν
I will go (fut. of ἔρχομαι)
διώκω, διώξομαι, ἐδίωξα, δεδίωχα, ἐδιώχθην
pursue
βαίνω, βήσομαι, 2 aor. ἔβην, βέβηκα
walk, come, go
ἀφικνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, 2 aor. ἀφικόμην, ἀφῖγμαι
come to, arrive at
αἴρω, ἀρῶ, ἦρα, ἦρκα, ἦρμαι, ἤρθην
take up, lift up; remove
ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην
lead, carry, bring; pass (time)
ὧδε
thus, in this way; hither, here
χωρίς
separately, apart; (+gen.) without, separate from
ὕστερος ὑστέρα ὕστερον
coming after, following (+gen.); next, later; (adv.) ὕστερον afterwards
ἔρχομαι, fut. εἶμι or ἐλεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα
come, go
ἐκεῖ
there
ποτε (enclitic)
at some time, ever, in the world
πολλάκις
often
οὐκέτι
no longer, no more
ὅτε
when, whenever (+indic. or opt.)
νῦν, νυνί
now
μέχρι (+gen.)
until; (prep.) as far as, up to (+gen.)
καιρός καιροῦ, ὁ
the right time
ἤδη
already, now (of the immediate past); presently (of the immediate future)
ἕως
until; while, so long as
ἔτι
still, yet
πότε
when?
πρίν
before, until
πρό
before, in front of (+gen.)
ἐκ, ἐξ
from, out of (+gen.)
εἰς
into, to, towards (+acc.)
ἄνω
up, upwards
ἀπό
from (+gen.)
ἀντί
opposite (+gen.)
ἀνά
up, on; throughout
ἀμφί
about, around
χρόνος χρόνου, ὁ
time
τότε
then, at that time; οἱ τότε the men of that time (opp. οἱ νῦν)
πρότερος προτέρα πρότερον
before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before
ἔπειτα
then, next
κεῖμαι, κείσομαι
to lie, be situated, be laid up in store, be set up, be established or ordained (used as pf. pass. of τίθημι)
μίγνυμι, μείξω, ἔμειξα, μέμειγμαι, ἐμείχθην
mix, mingle
καθίστημι, καταστήσω, κατέστησα, κατέστην, καθέστηκα, plupf. καθειστήκη, κατεστάθην
set down, establish; bring into a certain state, render
ἵστημι στήσω will set, ἔστησα set, caused to stand, 2 aor. ἔστην stood, ἕστηκα stand, plup. εἱστήκη stood, ἐστάθην stood
make to stand, set
ἡδονή –ῆς, ἡ
pleasure, enjoyment
ἔργον ἔργου, τό
work, achievement, exploit
ἐργάζομαι, ἐργάσομαι, εἰργασάμην, εἴργασμαι
work, labor
δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι
(+infin.) to be able (to), be strong enough (to)
δράω, δράσω, ἔδρασα, δέδρακα, δέδραμαι, ἐδράσθην
do, accomplish
διαφέρω, διοίσω, 1 aor. διήνεγκα, 2 aor. διήνεγκον, διενήνοχα, διενήνεγμαι
carry in different ways, spread; differ; (impers.) διαφέρει it makes a difference to (+dat.)
παρασκευάζω, παρασκευάσω, παρεσκεύασα
get ready, prepare, provide
πειράω (usually mid. πειράομαι), πειράσομαι, ἐπείρασα, πεπείραμαι, ἐπειράθην
attempt, try, make a trial of (+gen.)
ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην
make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon
ἁλίσκομαι, ἁλώσομαι, 2 aor. ἑάλων, ἑάλωκα
to be taken, conquered (act. supplied by αἱρέω)
αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, 2 aor. εἷλον, ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ᾑρέθην
take, grasp, take by force; (mid.) choose
χράομαι, χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην
use, experience, suffer (+dat.); treat someone in a certain way (+dat. and adv.)
φύω, φύσω, ἔφυσα
bring forth, produce, beget; 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, pf. πέφυκα be by nature
φέρω, οἴσω, 1 aor. ἤνεγκα, 2 aor. ἤνεγκον, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην
carry, bring, fetch; carry off or away; φέρε come now, well
τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι (but usu. κεῖμαι instead), ἐτέθην
to put, place; establish, ordain, institute; put in a certain state
πράσσω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην
do, achieve, accomplish; do or fare in a certain way (+adv.)
πρᾶξις πράξεως, ἡ
action, transaction, business
πορεύω, πορεύσω, ἐπόρευσα, πεπόρευμαι, ἐπορεύθην
carry; (mid. and pass) go, walk, march
πόνος πόνου, ὁ
work, labor; stress, trouble, pain
βάλλω, βαλῶ, 2 aor. ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην
throw, hurl; throw at, hit (acc.) with (dat.)
ἥκω, ἥξω, pf. ἧκα
I have come, I am present
βοῦς βοός, ὁ/ἡ
bull, ox, cow
φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα
flee, run away, avoid, shun
τρόπος τρόπου, ὁ
way, manner, fashion; way of life, habit, custom
τρέπω, τρέψω, ἔτρεψα, τέτροφα, ἐτράπην
turn, direct towards a thing; put to flight, defeat; (pass.) turn one’s steps in a certain direction, go
πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην
send
παύω, παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην
stop, put an end to; (mid.) cease
ὁρμάω, ὁρμήσω, ὥρμησα, ὥρμηκα, ὥρμημαι, ὡρμήθην
set in motion, urge on; (intrans.) start, hasten on
μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα
stay, remain, endure, await
λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην
leave, abandon
κινέω, κινήσω, ἐκίνησα, κεκίνηκα, κεκίνημαι, ἐκινήθην
set in motion, move, rouse
ζῷον ζῴου, τό
living being, animal
