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Anatomy and Phisology > Greek and Latin Roots TWO > Flashcards

Greek and Latin Roots TWO Flashcards

1
Q

What does the prefix ‘a-, an, non’ mean?

A

Without, Not

Examples: Apnea (Not breathing), Anuria (Without urine), Nonstriated (Muscle not striated)

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2
Q

What does the prefix ‘ab-, ef-‘ mean?

A

Away

Example: Abductor muscle (Muscle pulling away from midline), Efferent neuron (Carrying info away from brain)

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3
Q

What does the prefix ‘ad-, af-‘ mean?

A

Toward

Examples: Afferent neuron (Carry info toward brain), Adductor muscle (Muscle pulling toward midline)

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4
Q

What does the prefix ‘adi-, lip(o)-‘ mean?

A

Fat

Examples: Adipose (Fat tissue), Liposuction (Removing fat from the body)

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5
Q

What does the prefix ‘-alg ana-‘ mean?

A

Pain

Examples: Neuralgia (Nerve pain), Fibromyalgia (Muscle pain)

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6
Q

What does the prefix ‘ang(i)- ante-, pre-, pro-‘ mean?

A

Vessel, Before

Examples: Angiogenesis (Making of a new blood vessel), Vasodilator (Medicines that widen a vessel)

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7
Q

What does the prefix ‘anti-, contra-‘ mean?

A

Against, Resisting

Examples: Antibody (Resisting a foreign body), Contraception (Against conception)

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8
Q

What does the prefix ‘aqua(e)-, hydr’ mean?

A

Water

Examples: Aqueous (Water solution), Hydrocephalus (Water on the brain)

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9
Q

What does the prefix ‘arthr(o), artic-‘ mean?

A

Joint

Examples: Arthritis (Joint inflammation), Articulation (Joint where two bones meet)

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10
Q

What does the suffix ‘-ase’ mean?

A

Enzyme

Examples: Maltase (Enzyme breaking down maltose), Lipase (Enzyme breaking down lipids/fats)

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11
Q

What does the prefix ‘audi-‘ mean?

A

Hear

Example: Auditory nerve (Nerve connecting the ear to the brain)

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12
Q

What does the prefix ‘aut(o)-‘ mean?

A

Self

Example: Autoimmunity (Self-immunity)

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13
Q

What does the prefix ‘bi-, di-, diplo-‘ mean?

A

Two

Examples: Bicuspid (2 pointed tooth), Diencephalon (2 parts within the brain)

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14
Q

What does the prefix ‘brachy-, brev(i)-‘ mean?

A

Short

Examples: Brachydactyly (Short digits), Fibularis brevis (Short muscle in the lower leg)

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15
Q

What does the prefix ‘brady-‘ mean?

A

Slow

Example: Bradycardia (Slower than normal heart rate)

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16
Q

What does the prefix ‘bronch-‘ mean?

A

Airway

Example: Bronchitis (Airway inflammation)

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17
Q

What does the prefix ‘card-‘ mean?

A

Heart

Example: Cardiology (Study of the heart)

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18
Q

What does the prefix ‘cat-‘ mean?

A

Down

Example: Catabolic reaction (Breaking down molecules)

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19
Q

What does the prefix ‘cent-‘ mean?

A

100, 100th

Examples: Century (100 years), Centigram (1/100th of a gram)

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20
Q

What does the suffix ‘-centesis’ mean?

A

Puncture

Example: Amniocentesis (Puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid)

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21
Q

What does the prefix ‘chol-, cystic’ mean?

A

Gallbladder

Examples: Cholecystokinin (Hormone causing gallbladder contraction), Cystic duct (Tube from gallbladder)

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22
Q

What does the prefix ‘chondr-‘ mean?

A

Cartilage

Example: Chondrocyte (Cartilage cell)

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23
Q

What does the suffix ‘-cide’ mean?

A

Kill

Example: Spermacide (Sperm killer)

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24
Q

What does the prefix ‘circ-, peri-‘ mean?

A

Around

Examples: Circumcision (Cut around), Periodontal (Around the teeth)

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25
Q

What does the suffix ‘-clast’ mean?

A

Break, Destroy

Example: Osteoclast (Bone breaker)

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26
Q

What does the prefix ‘co-, con-, sym-, syn-, sys-‘ mean?

A

Together, With

Examples: Congenital (Born with), Synthesis (Put together)

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27
Q

What does the prefix ‘corp-, soma-‘ mean?

A

Body

Examples: Corpus luteum (Yellow body), Somatic cell (Body cell)

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28
Q

What does the suffix ‘-crine’ mean?

A

Secrete, Release

Example: Endocrine gland (Glands that secrete hormones)

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29
Q

What does the prefix ‘cyan-‘ mean?

A

Blue

Example: Cyanosis (Condition causing skin to turn blue)

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30
Q

What does the prefix ‘-cyte’ mean?

A

Cell

Example: Leukocyte (White blood cell)

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31
Q

What does the prefix ‘dactyl, digit’ mean?

A

Finger or Toe

Example: Syndactyly (Fingers or Toes that are together)

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32
Q

What does the prefix ‘dent, dont’ mean?

A

Tooth/Teeth

Example: Dentalgia (Tooth pain)

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33
Q

What does the prefix ‘dia-, per-, trans-‘ mean?

A

Through, Separate, Across

Examples: Diarrhea (Flow through intestines), Permeable (Across a membrane)

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34
Q

What does the prefix ‘dys-, mal-‘ mean?

A

Bad, Painful, Difficult

Examples: Dyspnea (Difficult breathing), Malnutrition (Bad nutrition)

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35
Q

What does the suffix ‘-ectomy, -tom, -sect’ mean?

A

Cut, Cut out

Examples: Appendectomy (Cut out appendix), Lobotomy (Cut out cerebral lobe)

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36
Q

What does the prefix ‘edem-‘ mean?

A

Swelling

Example: Lymphedema (Swelling of tissues due to lymph)

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37
Q

What does the prefix ‘-emesis’ mean?

A

Vomiting

Example: Hyperemesis (Excessive vomiting)

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38
Q

What does the prefix ‘-emia’ mean?

A

Blood condition

Example: Hypoglycemia (Low blood sugar)

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39
Q

What does the prefix ‘en, endo-, intra-‘ mean?

A

Inside, Within

Examples: Endosteum (Cavity inside a bone), Intraocular (Inside the eye socket)

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40
Q

What does the prefix ‘epi-‘ mean?

A

Upon, Over, Above

Examples: Epidermis (Layer of skin over the dermis), Epididymis (Coiled tubes above the testes)

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41
Q

What does the prefix ‘equi-, homo-, iso-‘ mean?

A

Same, Equal, Balanced

Examples: Homeostasis (Constant internal balance), Isotonic (Equal solute concentration)

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42
Q

What does the prefix ‘erythr-‘ mean?

A

Red

Example: Erythrocyte (Red blood cell)

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43
Q

What does the suffix ‘-esthe’ mean?

A

Sensation

Example: Anesthesia (Without sensation)

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44
Q

What does the prefix ‘ex-, ecto-‘ mean?

A

Outside

Example: Extracellular fluid (Solute/fluid located outside of cells)

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45
Q

What does the prefix ‘fasci-‘ mean?

A

Bundle

Example: Muscle or nerve fascicle (A bundle of muscle or nerve cells)

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46
Q

What does the prefix ‘foram-‘ mean?

A

Opening

Example: Infraorbital foramen (An opening in the bone below the eye)

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47
Q

What does the prefix ‘gastr-‘ mean?

A

Stomach

Example: Gastric bypass surgery (Surgery for obese patients)

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48
Q

What does the prefix ‘-gen, poie-, blast’ mean?

A

Create, Form

Examples: Oogenesis (Create an egg), Hemopoiesis (Form new blood cells)

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49
Q

What does the prefix ‘ger (o, i)’ mean?

A

Aging, Old

Examples: Gerontology (Study of aging), Geriatrics (Medicine dealing with older patients)

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50
Q

What does the prefix ‘gloss/tt, lingu’ mean?

A

Tongue

Examples: Hypoglossal (Cranial nerve under the tongue), Sublingual (Salivary gland under tongue)

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51
Q

What does the prefix ‘gluc-, gly, -ose’ mean?

A

Sugar

Examples: Glucose (Monosaccharide of carbohydrates), Glycogen (Big molecule made of glucose)

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52
Q

What does the prefix ‘gyn’ mean?

A

Woman

Example: Gynecologist (Doctor specializing in female reproductive system)

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53
Q

What does the suffix ‘-gram’ mean?

A

Something written

Example: Electrocardiogram (Print out of electrical activity of the heart)

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54
Q

What does the suffix ‘-graph’ mean?

A

Writing apparatus

Example: Electrocardiograph (Apparatus used to make an electrocardiogram)

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55
Q

What does the suffix ‘-graphy’ mean?

A

The use of writing apparatus

Example: Electrocardiography (The use of the electrocardiograph)

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56
Q

What does the prefix ‘hem-‘ mean?

A

Blood

Example: Hemothorax (Blood that has leaked into the chest cavity)

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57
Q

What does the prefix ‘hemi-, semi-‘ mean?

A

Half

Example: Cerebral hemisphere (One half of the brain)

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58
Q

What does the prefix ‘hepat-‘ mean?

A

Liver

Example: Hepatitis (Inflammation of the liver)

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59
Q

What does the prefix ‘hex-‘ mean?

A

Six

Example: Hexose (A sugar containing 6 carbons)

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60
Q

What does the prefix ‘hist-‘ mean?

A

Tissue

Example: Histology (Study of tissues)

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61
Q

What does the prefix ‘hyper-‘ mean?

A

Over, Excessive

Examples: Hypertonic (Greater solute concentration), Hyperesthesia (Excessive sensitivity)

62
Q

What does the prefix ‘hypo-, infra-, infer-, sub-‘ mean?

A

Under, Below, Less

Examples: Hypotonic (Less solute concentration), Infraorbital (Below the eye)

63
Q

What does the prefix ‘hyster-, metr-‘ mean?

A

Uterus

Examples: Hysterectomy (Cutting out of uterus), Endometrium (Inner lining of uterus)

64
Q

What does the suffix ‘-iasis, -osis’ mean?

A

Condition of

Examples: Cholelithiasis (Having gallstones), Nephrosis (Kidney disorder)

65
Q

What does the suffix ‘-itis’ mean?

A

Inflammation of

Example: Appendicitis (Inflammation of the appendix)

66
Q

What does the prefix ‘inter-‘ mean?

A

Between

Example: Interstitial fluid (Fluid found between cells)

67
Q

What does the prefix ‘kilo-, milli-‘ mean?

A

1000, 1000th

Examples: Kilogram (1000 grams), Milligram (1000th of a gram)

68
Q

What does the prefix ‘kin-‘ mean?

A

To move, Divide

Examples: Kinesiology (Study of body movement), Cytokinesis (Cell division)

69
Q

What does the prefix ‘lact-‘ mean?

A

Milk

Example: Lactose (Milk sugar)

70
Q

What does the prefix ‘lapar-‘ mean?

A

Abdomen

Example: Laparoscopy (Abdomen viewed through small holes)

71
Q

What does the prefix ‘leuk(c)-‘ mean?

A

White

Example: Leucopoiesis (The making of white blood cells)

72
Q

What does the prefix ‘lig-‘ mean?

A

Connect, Bind

Examples: Ligaments (Connective tissue joining bone to bone), Ligase (Enzyme that forms bonds)

73
Q

What does the suffix ‘-logy, -ist, -ician’ mean?

A

Study of, Specialist

Examples: Cardiology (Study of heart), Pharmacist (Drug specialist)

74
Q

What does the prefix ‘lys, lyze’ mean?

A

Break apart, Dissolve

Examples: Hydrolysis (Breaking down macromolecules), Lysosome (Organelle that digests)

75
Q

What does the prefix ‘macr-, mega, magn-‘ mean?

A

Large

Examples: Macrophage (Big WBC that eats), Magnum foramen (Large opening in skull)

76
Q

What does the prefix ‘mamm-, mass-, pect-‘ mean?

A

Breast, Chest

Examples: Mammary (Breast tissue), Pectoralis (Chest muscle)

77
Q

What does the suffix ‘-mania’ mean?

A

Obsession, Compulsion

Example: Kleptomania (Compulsion to steal)

78
Q

What does the prefix ‘med-, meso-, meta-‘ mean?

A

Middle

Examples: Mediastinum (Middle space of chest), Mesoderm (Middle germ layer)

79
Q

What does the suffix ‘-megaly’ mean?

A

Enlargement

Example: Splenomegaly (Enlargement of the spleen)

80
Q

What does the prefix ‘melano-‘ mean?

A

Black

Example: Melanocyte (Black pigmented cells of the skin)

81
Q

What does the prefix ‘mens-‘ mean?

A

Month

Example: Menstrual cycle (≈28 day cycle)

82
Q

What does the suffix ‘-metric, -meter’ mean?

A

Measurement, Length

Examples: Isometric (Using muscle w/o movement), Spirometer (Breathing measurement)

83
Q

What does the prefix ‘micro-, -ole, -ule’ mean?

A

Small

Examples: Microscope (Apparatus to view small objects), Arteriole (Small artery)

84
Q

What does the prefix ‘mnem-‘ mean?

A

Memory

Example: Amnesia (Loss of memory)

85
Q

What does the prefix ‘mono-, uni-‘ mean?

A

One

Examples: Monozygotic (Twins from the same zygote), Unicellular (1-celled organism)

86
Q

What does the prefix ‘morph, -plasty’ mean?

A

Shape

Examples: Morphology (Differentiating by shape), Rhinoplasty (Nose shaping)

87
Q

What does the prefix ‘mort, necr-‘ mean?

A

Death

Examples: Post mortem (After death), Necrotic tissue (Dead tissue)

88
Q

What does the prefix ‘multi-, poly-‘ mean?

A

Many

Examples: Multinucleate (Many nuclei), Polysaccharide (Many monosaccharides)

89
Q

What does the prefix ‘mut-‘ mean?

A

Change

Example: Mutation (Any change in DNA sequence)

90
Q

What does the prefix ‘myo-‘ mean?

A

Muscle

Example: Myopathy (Muscle disease)

91
Q

What does the prefix ‘nas-, rhin’ mean?

A

Nose

Examples: Nasal septum (Division in nasal cavity), Rhinovirus (Virus infecting the nose)

92
Q

What does the prefix ‘nat-‘ mean?

A

Birth

Example: Prenatal (Before birth)

93
Q

What does the prefix ‘neo-‘ mean?

A

New

Example: Neonatal (Newborn)

94
Q

What does the prefix ‘nephr-, ren’ mean?

A

Kidney

Examples: Nephrosclerosis (Hardening of the kidney), Renal vein (Vessel carrying blood away from kidney)

95
Q

What does the prefix ‘o(o), ovi’ mean?

A

Egg

Examples: Oophorectomy (Removal of ovary), Oviduct (Tube transporting egg)

96
Q

What does the prefix ‘ocu, ophth, opt, orbit’ mean?

A

Eye

Examples: Orbicularis occuli (Muscle around eye), Ophthalmologist (Eye doctor)

97
Q

What does the prefix ‘olig-‘ mean?

A

Little, Few

Example: Oliguria (Very little urine produced)

98
Q

What does the suffix ‘-oma, onco’ mean?

A

Tumor

Example: Melanoma (Tumor in melanocytes)

99
Q

What does the prefix ‘-opia’ mean?

A

Vision

Example: Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

100
Q

What does the prefix ‘or(a)’ mean?

A

Mouth

Example: Orbicularis oris (Muscle around the mouth)

101
Q

What does the suffix ‘-scopy’ mean?

A

To view, See

Example: Arthroscopic surgery (Inserting a camera into a joint)

102
Q

What does the prefix ‘ost-‘ mean?

A

Bone

Examples: Osteoblast (Maker of new bone cells), Osteomyelitis (Bone infection)

103
Q

What does the prefix ‘ot’ mean?

A

Ear

Example: Otoscope (Instrument used to view the ear)

104
Q

What does the prefix ‘palp, tact’ mean?

A

Touch, Feel

Example: Palpate (Feeling for physical abnormalities)

105
Q

What does the prefix ‘para’ mean?

A

Beside

Example: Parathyroid glands (Small glands beside thyroid)

106
Q

What does the prefix ‘path’ mean?

A

Disease

Example: Pathogenic bacteria (Disease causing bacteria)

107
Q

What does the prefix ‘ped, pod’ mean?

A

Foot, Feet

Examples: Pedal (Involving the foot), Podiatrist (Foot specialist)

108
Q

What does the prefix ‘pent’ mean?

A

Five

Example: Pentose (5 carbon sugar)

109
Q

What does the prefix ‘phago’ mean?

A

Eat, Feed

Example: Phagocyte (Eating cell)

110
Q

What does the prefix ‘pharm’ mean?

A

Drug

Example: Psychopharmic (Drugs affecting the mind)

111
Q

What does the prefix ‘phasia’ mean?

A

Speech

Example: Dysphasia (Difficulty speaking)

112
Q

What does the prefix ‘phleb’ mean?

A

Vein

Example: Phlebotomist (One who specializes in drawing blood)

113
Q

What does the prefix ‘photo, lumen’ mean?

A

Light

Example: Photoreceptor (Light sensitive cells of the eye)

114
Q

What does the prefix ‘phobia, phobe’ mean?

A

Fear

Example: Hydrophobia (Fear of water)

115
Q

What does ‘pharm’ signify?

A

Drug

Example: Psychopharmic - Drugs that affect the mind

116
Q

What does ‘phasia’ mean?

A

Speech

Example: Dysphasia - Difficulty speaking

117
Q

What does ‘phleb’ refer to?

A

Vein

Example: Phlebotomist - One who specializes in drawing blood

118
Q

What does ‘photo’ mean?

A

Light

Example: Photoreceptor - Light sensitive cells of the eye

119
Q

What does ‘lumen’ refer to?

A

Space where digested food travels

Example: Gastric lumen

120
Q

What does ‘phobia’ signify?

A

Fear

Example: Hydrophobia - Fear of water

121
Q

What does ‘phys’ indicate?

A

Function

Example: Physiology - Study of how something functions

122
Q

What does ‘plasia’ mean?

A

Growth, Formation

Example: Hyperplasia - Excessive growth (tumor)

123
Q

What does ‘plegia’ refer to?

A

Paralysis

Example: Quadriplegia - Paralysis of all four limbs

124
Q

What does ‘pnea’ signify?

A

Breathing

Example: Apnea - Moments of breathing cessation

125
Q

What does ‘pneum’ mean?

A

Lungs, Air

Example: Pneumothorax - Air seeping into chest cavity

126
Q

What does ‘pulmon’ refer to?

A

Lungs

Example: Pulmonary embolus - A blood clot stuck in the lungs

127
Q

What does ‘post’ indicate?

A

After

Example: Post natal - After birth

128
Q

What does ‘prim’ mean?

A

First

Example: Primary bronchus - First branching of the airway

129
Q

What does ‘proct’ refer to?

A

Rectum, Anus

Example: Proctoscope - Apparatus used to view the rectum

130
Q

What does ‘pseudo’ signify?

A

False

Example: Pseudounipolar neuron - Neuron common in the eye

131
Q

What does ‘psych’ mean?

A

Mind

Example: Psychosis - General term for conditions affecting the brain

132
Q

What does ‘phren’ indicate?

A

Mind

Example: Schizophrenia - Split mind

133
Q

What does ‘quad’ signify?

A

Four

Example: Quadriceps - The 4 large muscles of the ventral thigh

134
Q

What does ‘tetra’ mean?

A

Four

Example: Tetralogy of Fallot - 4 conditions of ‘blue babies’

135
Q

What does ‘re-‘ indicate?

A

Back, Again, Past

Example: Reinfect - To become infected again

136
Q

What does ‘retro’ mean?

A

Back, Again, Past

Example: Retrograde amnesia - Inability to remember recent past events

137
Q

What does ‘-rrhea’ signify?

A

Flow, Discharge

Example: Diarrhea - Flow through feces through intestines

138
Q

What does ‘schlero’ mean?

A

Hard (ening)

Example: Arteriosclerosis - Hardening of the arteries

139
Q

What does ‘sept’ indicate?

A

Poison, Contaminate

Example: Antiseptic - Against poison (germ killer)

140
Q

What does ‘tox’ mean?

A

Poison, Contaminate

Example: Cytotoxin - Cell poison

141
Q

What does ‘sten’ signify?

A

Narrowing

Example: Pyloric stenosis - Narrowing of the distal stomach

142
Q

What does ‘strat’ mean?

A

Layer

Example: Stratified squamous epithelia - Many layers of flat cells

143
Q

What does ‘super’ indicate?

A

Above, Over

Example: Superior vena cava - Veins bringing blood from above the heart

144
Q

What does ‘supra’ mean?

A

Above, Over

Example: Supraorbital - Over the eye

145
Q

What does ‘tachy’ signify?

A

Fast

Example: Tachycardia - Faster than normal heart rate

146
Q

What does ‘-tension’ mean?

A

Pressure

Example: Hypertension - High blood pressure

147
Q

What does ‘therm’ indicate?

A

Heat

Example: Thermoreceptor - Nerve receptors that detect temperature changes

148
Q

What does ‘thromb’ mean?

A

Clot

Example: Thrombocyte - Clotting cell (also called a platelet)

149
Q

What does ‘-tonic’ signify?

A

Strength

Example: Isotonic - Equal concentration of solute between ICF and ECF

150
Q

What does ‘tri-‘ mean?

A

Three

Example: Triglyceride - Lipid containing a glycerol & 3 fatty acids

151
Q

What does ‘tert-‘ indicate?

A

Third

Example: Tertiary bronchus - 3rd division off trachea

152
Q

What does ‘zyg’ mean?

A

Union

Example: Zygote - Union of egg and sperm

Anatomy and Phisology (5 decks)

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