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Western Civilization > Greece Chapter > Flashcards

Greece Chapter Flashcards

1
Q

What were the Greeks like?

A

They were seafaring people, independent

Politically involved

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2
Q

Geography of Greece

A

The ocean was essential (many harbors)
Colonization was by sea
Small areas to grow crops
protected/isolated by mountains

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3
Q

Minoan Crete-

A 
Early Greeks
Rich, prosperous culture 
Traded with Egyptians 
Bronze Age
Language has never been translated 
Reached height at 2000 B.C. 
King of Crete- where "Midas" comes from
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4
Q

Sir Arthur Evans

A

English archaeologist who discovered huge palaces

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5
Q

What was one of the palaces that Sir Arthur Evans discovered?

A

Palace Complex at Knosses

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6
Q

1450 B.C.

A

Literal collapse of minoan crete

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7
Q

Mycenae

A

On mainland of Greece, first Greek state
Warriors (Spartans/Athenians)
Flourished in 1600 and 1100 B.C., height at 1400-1200 B.C.
Numerous powerful kings

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8
Q

Henrich Schliemann

A

German archaeologist who excavated Mycenae

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9
Q

Linear B

A

Early form of Greek script

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10
Q

Social Structure of Mycenae

A

King
Armies/Priest
Merchants, artistans, etc.
Slaves (treated well)

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11
Q

King Agamemnon

A

Grave-gold mask (not the king’s)

Led the Greeks to attack Troy

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12
Q

Trojan War

A

Over the wife of king’s brother (King of Sparta)

Sparked by Paris, prince of Troy by kidnapping Helen

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13
Q

Dark Ages

A

1100-750 B.C.
Most information comes from Homer’s stories
Population and food decreased, people migrated
Adopted Phoenician alphabet
Based on agriculture
Trade increased

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14
Q

Homer

A 
Poems
Greek outlet 
Social conditions of Dark Ages
Lessons: gods are strong, men fade away, violence leads to disaster
During 8th Century
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15
Q

Iliad

A

Homer’s
Over the Trojan war (Achilles)
Became the textbook for education

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16
Q

Odyssey

A

Homer’s
Odysseus’ adventures over the fall of Troy
virtue > vice

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17
Q

Trojan War occurred…

A

13th Century

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18
Q

Polis

A

Greek City state
Encompassed a town or city and its surrounding area
Place to assemble for activities
Town/village/city and the countryside
Varied in size
Men had political rights, while women, children, and non citizens did not

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19
Q

Agora

A

For assemblies and the market

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20
Q

Hoplites

A

Heavily armed infantry men who wore bronze/leather helmets, breastplates, and greaves
Operated in a unit (phalanx), important to keep order
Safety depended on discipline
Consisted of aristocrats and Farmers

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21
Q

Greeks carried what type of shield, while the Trojans carried?

A

Greeks-rounded

Trojans-square

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22
Q

Colonization and Trade

A

Moved out because of food
Colonies were established in various places
Diffusion- greater sense of Greek identity
traded with others for food

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23
Q

Tyrant

A

Rulers who took control (not always bad leaders)
Seizes power by force, not subject to law
Supported by new rich and poor peasants (opposed political power by aristocrats)
Power went to the wealthy
During the 7th-6th Century
Helped with development

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24
Q

Location of Sparta

A

Peloponnesus

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25
Q

Sparta

A

Examined children (whether they are worthy to live)
Emphasized conformity, order
Large number of slaves (helots) who were bound to the land
Boys trained and remained in the army until 60
Women lived separately and exercised
Social structure was rigid
Spartan citizens owned land worked by helots

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26
Q

Athens

A

Stressed individual freedom
Early rule went from monarchy to aristocrats
Wealth qualified people for office
Most males were allowed to vote
Any male citizen could bring a charge to court
Women’s role was subservient (housekeeping)
Several tyrants became popular
Aided trade

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27
Q

Solon

A 
Tyrant 
Turmoil led to his leadership 
494 B.C.
Canceled all debts, outlawed loans, and freed slaves in 
debt
On peninsula of Attica
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28
Q

Kouros

A

Statues of males

Influenced by Egyptian style

29
Q

Literature

A

Lyrical poetry focusing on love, ruin and peasants

Aim: justice, success through work

30
Q

Classical Greece

A

500 B.C.- conquest 338 B.C.

31
Q

The Persian Wars

A 
Greek vs Persia
Ionian Revolt
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Thermopylae
Battle of Salamis Bay
32
Q

Greeks were not

A

Subject to the king, they were citizens of the state

33
Q

Ionian Revolt

A

Greeks fall subject to the Persians

34
Q

Persians are

A

“slaves” to a king

35
Q

Battle of Marathon

A

Persians defeated by the Athenians
Athens aids the Greeks, Greek city-states were independent but would defend each other
Outnumbered by Persians
Spartans don’t participate

36
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

Spartans (9000) under the leadership of Leonidas took a stand at a mountain pass against the Persians. Persians make a bridge out of ships to walk over from Asia to Europe
Persians burn Athens

37
Q

Battle of Salamis Bay

A

1st Major naval battle in history

Persians vs. Athenians

38
Q

Plataea

A

Final defeat of the Persians (both Athenians and Spartans)

39
Q

Growth of Athens

A

cut ties with Sparta, crated a council

40
Q

Pericles

A

General, reelected 15 times, introduced pay for office holders

41
Q

Delian League

A

Formed to allow city-states to contribute funds and build a fleet against persia, become involuntary subjects of Athens

42
Q

The Peloponnesian War

A 
On athens (fear for Athen's growth) year 2-plague hits Athens. Athenians invade Sicily
In the end, Sparta wins, but it returns to the status quo of oligarchy
43
Q

Herodotus

A

First historian, wrote The Histories (Persian Wars)
Wasn’t there at the wars- interviewed others
Writing is biased, favors greeks, and includes religious beliefs

44
Q

Thucydides

A

Peloponessian Wars
More objective than Herodotus
Saw the actual war

45
Q

Greek Drama

A

For more than just entertainment- for education
Actors- all male
A single actor often plays multiple roles
Usually had a chorus
Actions were limited
Comedy had political use (satires)

46
Q

Art:

A

Subject: the human being
Valued balance, symmetry, harmony
Roman copies remain

47
Q

Temples-

48
Q

Macedonia

A

Greeks thought were barbarian

North of Greece

49
Q

King Philip II

A

Spent 3 years in Thebes
Understood the importance of an army (paid to fight)
Used lighter armor (hoplites) and longer spear
Was apart of the army
Alexander is with him when he was young
Greeks had mixed reactions about King Philip (was he ruthless, or a savior?)

50
Q

Corinthian League

A

Greek city states united by oath to King Philip II

Foreign affairs was up to King Philip

51
Q

Alexander the Great

A 
20 years old when he rises to power
Dream was to invade Persia 
Very good at sizing up the enemy 
Adaptable, good strategist 
Personally interested in his troops 
Led by example (wounded 12 times)
52
Q

334 B.C.

A

Asia Minor

53
Q

Egypt quickly

A

Surrenders

54
Q

333 B.C.

A

Battle of Issus
Narrow field
King Darius left the battle field

55
Q

Tyre

A

Builds a bridge to destroy them

Took 7 months for the entire campaign

56
Q

King Darius..

A

Is assassinated, Alexander takes the title of the King of Persia

57
Q

Alexander supports what kind of marriage?

A

Local women

58
Q

Alexander dies?

59
Q

Hellenistic Monarchies

A

Antigonid
Seleucid
Pergamum
Ptolemaic

60
Q

Polybius

A

Greek historian who lived in Rome, wrote 40 books narrating the history of the Mediterranean world and the growth of Rome
Sought to find eyewitnesses and rational ideas

61
Q

Science

A

Separated from philosophy (observation)

62
Q

Aristarchus of Samos

A

Developed a heliocentirc view of the universe (earth rotates around the sun)

63
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Earth is round, measured equator

64
Q

Euclid

A

The Elements (systematic organization of the fundamental elements of geometry)

65
Q

Archimedes

66
Q

Medicine

A

Natural explanations and cures

Dissection and vivisection

67
Q

Epicureanism

A

Universe ran on its own; human beings are free to follow self-interest as a basic monitoring force (pleasure was the goal)
Gods don’t impact the world
sober reasoning

68
Q

Stoics

A

Zeno was founder
Happiness- living in harmony with the world
All people are equal at the soul

Western Civilization (1 decks)

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