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Greece & Eastern Europe > Greece > Flashcards

Greece Flashcards

1
Q

When and where did vine cultivation begin in Greece?

A

Around 2500 BCE in the Minoan Bronze Age Civilization of Crete

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2
Q

Who cultivated vines in Greece after the Minoans?

A

The Myceneans

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3
Q

Where were the first vineyards in France?

A

Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles

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4
Q

Which modern Italian varieties may be Greek in origin?

A

Greco and Aglianico

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5
Q

What is retsina?

A

Aromatized wine flavored with pine resin

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6
Q

How did retsina get its start?

A

In ancient times, wine was shipped in amphorae, sealed with pine resin. People became accustomed to the flavor.

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7
Q

What grape is used to make modern-day retsina?

A

Savvatiano

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8
Q

Can Retsina carry a vintage?

A

No

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9
Q

Is Retsina a PDO?

A

No, but it is protected by the EU as a PGI.

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10
Q

What is the negative stemming from Retsina, as it pertains to worldview of Greek Wine?

A

It is ultimately negative, people associate low-quality Retsina with all of Greek wine

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11
Q

What are the two larger producers dominating Greek wine industry today?

A

Boutari and Tsantali

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12
Q

How many indigenous varietals exist in Greece?

A

Over 300!

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13
Q

When did Greece first implement wine law?

A

In 1969 & 1970, with most appellations created in 1971

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14
Q

What is Greece’s governing wine body?

A

The Greek Wine Institute

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15
Q

What are some factors of Greek Wine Law?

A

They conform to EU standards and follow the French model

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16
Q

What is the main designation for high-quality Greek wine? How is it broken down?

A

PDO (Protected Designation of Origin); broken down into Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC) for sweet wines, and Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ)

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17
Q

Do AOC or AOSQ appear on labels?

A

No, they all say “PDO Wines of Greece”

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18
Q

What does “Reserve” mean in Greece?

A

Min 1 year aging for whites, 6 months in barrel and 3 months in bottle. Min 2 years for reds, at least 1 year in barrel and 6 months in bottle.

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19
Q

What is “Grand Reserve?”

A

Whites: 2 years, 1 year in barrel & 6 months in bottle
Reds: 4 years, 18 months in both barrel and bottle

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20
Q

What other designations exist for Greece besides PDO?

A

PGI, “varietal” wines, and “table” wines

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21
Q

Which wines fall under the PGI category?

A

Retsina, Verdea, and wines of Greece’s former “vine de pays” category, Topikos Inos.

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22
Q

How are PGI zones divided?

A

Regional, District and Area levels

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23
Q

What do PGI Districts correspond to?

A

The peripheral units of Greece, form of political state that replaced prefectures in 2010

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24
Q

What does “Cava” mean on a label?

A

Indicates 1 year aging for PGI whites (6mo. in oak), 3 years for reds (1 year in oak)

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25
Q

What is “Palaiomenos se vareli?”

A

It may appear on PGI wine labels to indicate additional aging

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26
Q

What are the regions of the Greek mainland?

A

Macedonia, Epirus, Peloponnese, Thessalia, Thrace, and Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

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27
Q

What are the two groups of islands?

A

The Ionian Islands and the Aegean Islands

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28
Q

Which regions on the mainland have no PDO appellations?

A

Thrace and Sterea Ellada

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29
Q

What is Macedonia best known for?

A

It is home to some of Greece’s best dry reds

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30
Q

How are the reds of Naoussa PDO & Amynteo PDO different from those of Goumenissa PDO?

A

They are made from 100% Xinomavro, whereas Goumenissa blends Xinomavro with a min. 20% Negoska

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31
Q

What producer calls Naoussa home?

A

Boutari

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32
Q

What is Greece’s coolest region? What is unique about wines produced here?

A

Amynteo, it is one of the only places authorized for Rosé wines.

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33
Q

What styles are authorized for Amynteo?

A

Dry red, dry rosé, both dry & semi-sweet sparkling rosé

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34
Q

Which Macedonian PDO is home to only one producer? Which producer, and why are they important?

A

Slopes of Meliton is a single appellation for Domaine Carras, a trailblazing producer.

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35
Q

What are Slopes of Meliton PDO red wines?

A

Dry reds from Cabernet Sauvignon, with the addition of Cabernet Franc and Lemnio

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36
Q

What is Lemnio?

A

A red variety originating on the Aegean Island of Lemnos

37
Q

What are Slopes of Meliton PDO whites comprised of?

A

Roditis, Assyrtiko, and some Athiri

38
Q

Who helped Evangelos Gerovassiliou create Domaine Carras?

A

Emile Peynaud

39
Q

What grape did Evangelos Gerovassiliou save from near extinction?

A

Malagousia, highly aromatic white grape that he now grows in the Thessaloniki PGI in Northern Macedonia

40
Q

What are the PDO appellations of Thessalia?

A

Rapsani, Anchiolas, and Messenikola

41
Q

What PDO is the southernmost outpost of Xinomavro?

A

Rapsani, in Thessalia

42
Q

What PDO in Thessalia allows only white wines? From which grapes must these wines be produced?

A

Anchiolas PDO, white wines from Roditis and Savvatiano

43
Q

Which region includes only one PDO? Where is it located?

A

The region of Epirus, west of Thessalia, has one PDO: Zitsa

44
Q

What styles/grapes are allowed in Zitsa PDO?

A

Dry whites, dry and semi-dry sparkling wines made from Debina

45
Q

What is the most important wine of Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)?

A

Retsina

46
Q

Where is the center for Retsina production?

A

Attiki, the region surrounding Athens in Sterea Ellada

47
Q

What is the main grape of Retsina? Why?

A

Savvatiano, it retains varietal character when resinated

48
Q

What is Roditis?

A

2nd most utilized grape for Retsina, a common name for a family of closely linked pink-skinned grapes

49
Q

What is the Peloponnese?

A

A peninsula, only by virtue of the narrow Isthmus of Corinth

50
Q

Where are vines concentrated in the Peloponnese?

A

the north, around the 3 PDO zones of Nemea, Mantinia and Patras

51
Q

What styles are allowed in Nemea PDO?

A

both dry and sweet reds made from Agiorgitiko

52
Q

What is Agiorgitiko?

A

A softly tannic, intensely fruity black grape and one of Greece’s most noble native varieties

53
Q

What is the most famous subzone of Nemea?

A

Koutsi

54
Q

What is the nickname of the wines of Nemea? To what does it refer?

A

“blood of Hercules,” it commemorates the 1st of his famous 12 labors

55
Q

What do PDO zones of the Peloponnese aside from Nemea solely produce?

A

white wines

56
Q

What wines are produced in Mantinia PDO?

A

White wines made from the red-skinned Moschofilero grape

57
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Moschofilero?

A

It possesses an aromatic intensity similar to Muscat

58
Q

What are the appellations of Patras?

A

Patras PDO, Muscat of Patras PDO, Muscat of Rio Patras PDO, and Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

59
Q

What are the styles/grapes of the PDOs of Patras?

A

Patras PDO: Dry whites/100% Roditis
Muscat of Patras PDO: VDL, VDN, Sweet wine from Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
Muscat of Rio Patras: Same as Muscat of Patras
Mavrodaphne of Patras: Sweet reds made from Mavrodaphne w/addition of max. 49% Mavri Korinthiaki

60
Q

What is Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains referred to as?

A

Moschato Aspro

61
Q

What is the aging requirement for Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?

A

min. 1 year in oak, though many age far longer

62
Q

When did Monemvassia-Malvasia achieve PDO status?

A

2010

63
Q

Where is Monemvassia located?

A

It’s a small zone on the southeastern coast of Peloponnese

64
Q

What style of wine is produced in Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Sweet whites/Fortified sweet whites made from min. 51% Monemvassia

65
Q

What is the aging requirement for Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO wines?

A

Minimum 2 years, if aged longer can be 4 years, and in multiples of 4 after that

66
Q

What are the wine-producing Ionian Islands?

A

Cephalonia, Kerkyra (Corfu), Lefkada, and Zakynthos

67
Q

What are the PDO zones of the Ionian Islands?

A

All in Cephalonia:
Robola of Cephalonia PDO
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO
Muscat of Cephalonia PDO

68
Q

What is the only PDO for dry wines in the Ionian Islands?

A

Robola of Cephalonia PDO, dry whites made from Robola grape

69
Q

What is Verdea?

A

A high-alcohol content, dry PGI wine that resembles sherry or vin jaune, made on the Ionian Island of Zakynthos

70
Q

What are the grapes used to make Verdea?

A 
Skiadopoulo
Pavlos
Robola
Goustolidi
Avgoustiatis
71
Q

What are the Aegean Island PDOs?

A

Lemnos, Paros, Rhodes, Santorini, Samos, Muscat of Rhodes, Muscat of Lemnos, Malvasia Paros

72
Q

Which island accounts for 20% of Greek Wine production?

A

Crete

73
Q

What styles are produced in Archanes PDO?

A

Dry red wines from Kotsifali and Mandilaria

74
Q

What styles are produced in Dafnes PDO?

A

Dry red, sweet red, VDN and VDL from 100% Liatiko grape

75
Q

What styles are produced in Peza PDO?

A

Dry whites from 100% Vilana, Dry reds from both Kotsifali and Mandilaria

76
Q

What styles are produced in Sitia PDO?

A

Dry white & red, red VDN, red VDL, dried grape wine

77
Q

What are the grapes used in Sitia PDO?

A

White: Min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri
Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria
Natural Sweet Red Wine: 100% Liatiko

78
Q

What is the most cultivated white grape of Crete?

A

Vilana

79
Q

What are the Cyclades Islands?

A

A group of islands within Aegean, including Santorini and Paros

80
Q

What is Nychteri?

A

Dry white made in Santorini from Assyrtiko, Athiri, and Aidani.

81
Q

What are the rules for Nychteri?

A

Must be aged in barrel at least 3 months, min. 13.5% alcohol

82
Q

What is Samos Nectar?

A

A vin de paille made from Moscato Aspro in Samos, with minimum 3 years aging

83
Q

What’s Liatiko?

A

The dominant red grape of Crete, ripens in mid-July and produces distinctively “orange” wines

84
Q

What international variety is commonly blended with Mandilaria on Crete?

A

Syrah

85
Q

What is the training method of Santorini? What is the reason behind this method?

A

Vines are trained low to the ground in “stefani” shape of baskets or wreaths, so that they are protected from the fierce Aegean winds and receive what little moisture becomes available as morning dew.

86
Q

Where is Greek vinsanto made? What grapes are used?

A

Santorini, min. 51% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri and Aidani

87
Q

What is made in Lemnos?

A

Dry and sweet red and white, from Lemnio (Red) and Moschato Alexandrias (White)

88
Q

What wines are made in Rhodes?

A

All 3 colors, dry, semi-dry and semisweet, whites from min. 70% Athiri, reds/roses from min. 70% Mandilaria

89
Q

What is the only Greek appellation that mandates the use of white grapes in red wines?

A

Paros!

Greece & Eastern Europe (1 decks)

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