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Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the Spartan King that 300 soldiers in the battle of Thermopylae? He died in battle

A

Leonidas

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2
Q

Who was the famous Athenian who was known as “The Father of Western Philosophy”?

A

Socrates

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3
Q

Name 4 city- states that we’ve studied

A

Athens, Megara, Corinth, and Sparta

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4
Q

If you were a boy in this city state you would be taken from your mother at age 6, starved, taught to steal and fight in order to prepare you to become a brave soldier… What city state is this?

A

Sparta

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5
Q

What city-state is approximately 26 miles from Marathon, the site of a very important battle fought during the Persian Wars?

A

Athens

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6
Q

This city-state was known for it’s textiles and is a major city for trade.

A

Megara

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7
Q

Who was the King of Persia during the SECOND Persian invasion

A

Xerxes

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8
Q

Who was the King during the FIRST Persian invasion

A

Darius

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9
Q

What caused the first Persian Invasion?

A

The Ionians revolted and the Athenians sent 20 triremes of soldiers to the Ionian Colonies to help them revolt and overthrow Persian control. Darius was mad and sent two of his generals and a portion of his army to go punish Athens.

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10
Q

At which battle did Xerxes watch his men get defeated?

A

The battle of Salamis

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11
Q

What did Xerxes do when he tried to cross the Hellespont and his bridge collapsed?

A

He ordered his servants to give the Hellespont 300 lashes, to chain it, and brand it in order to punish Poseidon. He then commanded hi executioner to behead the engineers of the bridge.

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12
Q

What does the word Acropolis mean in Ancient Greek?

A

Above the City

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13
Q

After what war did Pericles use the funds from the Delian League to repair the Acropolis?

A

After the Persian Wars

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14
Q

What is a trireme?

A

A warship used by the Greeks and the Persians

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15
Q

What is the Greek word for city?

A

Polis

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16
Q

Who were the slaves of the Spartans that were constantly revolting?

A

The Helots

17
Q

What is a Hoplite

A

A Greek solddier

18
Q

What is the Pireaus

A

A port in Athens

19
Q

Who was known as the Father of Lies/ The Father of History

A

Herodotus

20
Q

Who was the leader in Athens during the Golden Age

A

Pericles

21
Q

This historian was an Athenian general, who was exiled from Athens because he lost an important battle. He wrote about the Peloponnesian wars and Pericles’ funeral oration.

A

Thucydides

22
Q

The caryatids are significant architectural elements of which building?

A

The Erectheum

23
Q

Describe the Peloponnesian War

A

Was fought between Sparta and Athens
(431 BC- 404 BC)
Was fought Athens was greedy and wanted to take over
Greece
Corinth and other small city-states allied with Sparta to stop Athens
In the first years of the war it seemed hopeless because Athens was protected inside of their walls, the Athenians were powerful with a lot of money and they were the only city-state with a good navy, but eventually the Athenians started dying off because a terrible plague broke out inside the Athenian walls. This plague unfortunately took the life of the Athenian general Pericles. Gradually the Spartans started winning some wars.

24
Q

Describe Athens

A

A City- state and the Capital of Greece. Most powerful in the 5th Century BC (The Athenian Golden Age). Was the intellectual center of Greece. Named after Athena the Goddess of Wisdom

25
Q

Describe Sparta

A

Known for their love of fighting/ war. Military state. The only city- state with a full time military. Had a very different system of government than the other city-states. Two Kings ruled

26
Q

Describe Megara

A

Was a coastal city-state well known for trade. They were very similar to Corinth. Would only fight if they had to they rather trade and negotiate.

27
Q

Who was Darius

A

He was the 3rd Achaemenid King of Persia. He started the Persian Wars because he was mad that Athens helped the Ionian Colonies revolt against him. Darius the Great was obeyed in northern India, Afghanistan, all of Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, the Ionian colonies, Thrace, and Macedonia. Only one important nation remained free of Persian control and that was Greece.

28
Q

Who was Themistocles?

A

He was an Athenian politician and general
Themistocles trapped the Persian fleet into entering the Strait of Salamis by sending their general a fake message; he said that the Greeks were fighting amongst themselves and that he wished to join the Persians. Once the Persians entered the narrow strait, their large ships got out of formation, and the smaller Athenian fleet won. Some historians consider this battle one of the most important to western civilization.

29
Q

Acropolis

A
  • The floor was raised in the center to make it look level
  • Columns were made to bulge and lean inward to make them look straight.
  • The delian League build up the acropolis in Athens.
  • Acropolis means above the city
  • It has a good vantage point
  • It is easily defened
  • Visitor can see how beautiful the city is
  • Its hard to get to
  • Its great to store important things
  • It was burned by the persians
30
Q

Athena Parthenos

A
  • 40 feet high
  • wooden core surrounded by ivory
  • 2500 pounds of gold
31
Q

Parthenon

A

-1687 blown up
-unevenly spaced
-Did not exist during the Persian War
Pericles says to use the money from the delian league to build the Parthenon
It is the temple to Athena Parthenos
Metopes- are squares that have pictures on them about scenes from greek mythology and has architectural elements
A pediment is the triangle at the top of the parthenon

32
Q

Delian Leauge

A
  • Was an association of all the city-states lead by Athens AFTER the Persian Wars.
  • It was created so the city states could form a defense alliance
  • Athenians ended up using the money that was collected to rebuild Athens and they used the money to build the Parthenon
33
Q

Marathon

A
  • 490 BC Darius sent 2 generals across Aegean sea with 600 ship and an army Athens
  • Athens asked for Spartas help but Sparta said that they would come help later
  • 10,000 Greek and freed slaves vs. trained professional Persian soldiers
  • Athens won

History (2 decks)

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