greece Flashcards
Region of Persia located?
Located in present day southwestern Iran, east of mesopotamia (the empire stretched from asia minor to the hindu kush mountains)
Secret to Cyrus the Greats success as a ruler
He used tolerance or sympathy for beliefs and practices of others (ex. After winning the war he showed mercy to the conquered king and let them keep there throne)
Under Darius, How far did the Persian empire Stretch
2800 miles from india to europe
How did Darius rule his large empire?
He avoided problems and he was a wise ruler
What is Cyrus Cylinder?
ancient declaration of human rights
What did Darius the great accomplish
- expanded the empire to its largest size
- developed an Imperial Bureaucracy to govern his massive empire
- also ruled with mercy and tolerance
- started the use of standard money and the Royal road
Imperial Bureaucracy
Provinces
- satraps (governors)
- Army leader
- Tax collector
- Appointed by darius
- keep culture
Zoroastrianism
- Human soul being fought over by 2 armies ( good vs evil)
- largest followers in india
What 3 factors influenced Greek civilization
-seas
-land
-climate
( influenced the political, social, economical, development of ancient greece )
The land factors
- mountains enabled Greeks to live in isolation
- only 20% of land was suitable for farming
- colonized lands for farming
The Seas
- The aegean sea
- The ionian Sea
-The mediterranean
Had to rely on sea trade
The climate
- moderate climate allowed outdoor lifestyle
- outdoor theaters
- Agora (marketplace)
- Religious ceremonies
The Minoans
- seafarers and traders
- polytheistic
- strong navy
- spread culture throughout greece
- relatively prosperous people
- mysterious end
The mycenaeans
- settled in mainland greece
- Invaded crete and adopted minoan culture
The trojan war
famous 10 year war between mycenaeans and trojan
The dorians
- Early greeks who settled in Mycenae
- considered less advanced than the mycenaeans
- No trade/written records
HOMER
- considered the greatest storyteller of his time
- known for epics the Iliad and The odyssey
- talked about how gods and goddess influenced the lives of humans
The origins the greek civilization
Crete a civilization that is located 150 off mainland greece
Why do historians rely on archaeologist evidence in order to learn about the minoans?
because they cant read there language
How did minoans develop there wealth
trade across the mediterranean
Why did the Minoans not see a need for building walls
They had a strong navy controlling the seas
Possible factors that could have contributed to the decline of the minoans
Natural disaster and invasions from mainland greece
What group copied and then conquered the minoan civilization
The mycenaeans
Significance of Mycenaean decline
People abandoned cities, trade halted, and the economy floundered
Setting for homers epic poems and who was involved
Trojan war and believed that greeks and Anatolian city or troy were in battles
Why did the greeks lack suitable farming land
They had hot,dry, and mountainous countryside land
why did greece establish colonies overseas? Near what body of water were they located
They didn’t have enough farmland to make enough food. They settled near the black and mediterranean seas
What trade flourished due to colonies overseas
sea trade
What did wide ranging sea encourage
cultural diffusion
examples of Greek cultural diffusion
military skills
what did greeks get from the phoenicians
city states, colonization, and sea trade
Who were citizens in Athens and who wasn’t?
Citizens were free adult men
non citizens were women, slaves, foreigners
What did solon do for athens
He enacted reforms that helped reduce the growing gad between the rich and poor
What did Cleisthenes do for athens
- expanded the democracy by giving every citizen equal rights
- created legislative body who members were randomly picked
What is an Agora
large open space in the middle of a city state that had a market place and government buildings
what were all citizens expected to do
vote and serve in the government
what is an acropolis?
an upper citystate stoned wall fortress, was the last line of defence of invasion
what did greeks call city states
polis
geographic feature that made it hard for city states to communicate and trade
High mountains surrounded by plains and valleys
In what way were city states similar and different
Similarities: common language, religion, heritage, and culture
Differences: own sets of customs/laws
what group of people challenged the aristocracy
Growing merchant class and they gained power from trade expanding
what ways did tyrants help people
They gave farms to landless and work to the unemployed
sparta’s government
- power in the hands of a few people
- mix of kings, elected officials, and ruling class
- council of elders( shared power with kings)
- able to maintain a balance of power and stability
Sparta’s Economy
- agriculture based
- Helots
- little participation in trade
sparta’s education
Boys education; focused on military
girls education: formal education with PE
Women in sparta
- had more freedom than other women in greece
- EXPECTATIONS: strong, and produce more soldiers(not citizens)
Athens government
democracy
- citizens assembly
- council of 500
- little power for elected officials
Athenian economy
- trade
- the agora
- currency
Education Athens
- educated by mother until 6 or 7
- school from 6-14
- Focused on academics
- military training at 18
- more wealth=better education
- no education for girls
Women in athens
- not citizens
- wealthy women(less freedom)
- poor women( had more freedom due to work)
- could be priestesses
Who were helots
state owned slaves captured from conquered lands
when did athenians invent democracy
508 BC
