Grecia y Roma Clásicas Flashcards
Cyrus the Great:
Also called Cyrus II, (born 590-580 BCE, Media, or Persia and comprising the Near East from the Aegean Sea eastward to the Indus River. He is also remembered in the Cyrus legend-first recorded by Xenophon, Greek soldier and author, in his Cyropaedia-as a tolerant and ideal monarch who was called the father of his people by the ancient Persians. In the Bible he is the liberator of the jews who were captive in Babylon.
Zoroastrianism:
Is one of the world’s oldest continuously practiced religions. It is a multi-faceted faith centered on a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate conquest of evil with theological elements of henotheism, monotheism/monism, and polytheism.
Olympic Games:
It originated in Greece, the greatest of the games or festivals of ancient Greece, held every four years in the plain of Olympia in Elis, in honor of Zeus.
Pericles:
A statesman of ancient Greece, who tried to unite the country under the leadership of his own city, Athens. He also promoted democracy.
Peloponnesian Wars:
A war fought for supremacy in Greece from 431 to 404 bc, in which Athens and her allies were defeated by the league centred on Sparta.
Philip ll of Macedon:
The king of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.
Hallenistic Period:
Covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
Alexandria:
After conquering Syria in 332 BCE, Alexander the Great swept down into Egypt with his army. He founded Alexandria in the small port town of Rhakotis by the sea and set about the task of turning it into a great capital.
Roman Republic:
Was the era of classical Roman civilization, led by the Roman people, beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.
Punic Wars:
A series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire.
Carthage:
Was an ancient Phoenician city-state and civilization.
Hannibal:
Was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage’s main forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history. He was the son of Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca.
Julius Caesar:
Was a renowned general, politician and scholar in ancient Rome who conquered the vast region of Gaul and helped initiate the end of the Roman Republic when he became dictator of the Roman Empire.
Augustus Caesar:
Returning to Rome in triumph, Octavian added the title Augustus (meaning “sacred” or “exalted”) to his adopted surname, Caesar, and remained imperator for life. The vast Roman Empire, long contested by consuls and generals, was now firmly in the grasp of an emperor: Augustus Caesar.
Diocletian:
Was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of the Emperor Carus’s army.
Constantine:
Or also known as Constantine the Great was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea, he was the son of Flavius Constantius, an Illyrian army officer who became one of the four emperors of the Tetrarchy.
Direct Democracy:
Forms of direct participation of citizens in democratic decision making.
Senate:
Was a governing and advisory assembly in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being established in the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in 753 BC).
Consuls:
Were the highest officials in the government of the Roman Republic* and in theory, but not in fact, during the empire, since the emperor had supreme authority then.
Cicero:
Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar and Academic skeptic who played an important role in the politics of the late Roman Republic and in vain tried to uphold republican principles during the crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire.
Aristotle:
Greek philosopher and scientist who wrote about virtually every area of knowledge, including most of the sciences.
Stoics:
An ancient Greek school of philosophy founded at Athens by Zeno of Citium. The school taught that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason (also identified with Fate and Providence) that governs nature, and are indifferent to the vicissitudes of fortune and to pleasure and pain.
Socrates:
A Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought.
Plato:
Was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
