Grecia y Roma Clásicas

Question 1

Cyrus the Great

Answer 1

Conqueror who founded the Achaemenian empire, centred on Persia and comprising the Near East from the Aegean Sea eastward to the Indus River. He is also remembered in the Cyrus legend—first recorded by Xenophon, Greek soldier and author, in his Cyropaedia—as a tolerant and ideal monarch who was called the father of his people by the ancient Persians. In the Bible he is the liberator of the jews who were captive in Babylonia.

Question 2

Zoroastrianism

Answer 2

one of the world’s oldest continuously practiced religions. It is a multi-faceted faith centered on a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate conquest of evil with theological elements of henotheism, monotheism/monism, and polytheism.

Question 3

Olympic Games

Answer 3

greatest of the games or festivals of ancient Greece, held every four years in the plain of Olympia in Elis, in honor of Zeus.

Question 4

Pericles

Answer 4

A statesman of ancient Greece, who tried to unite the country under the leadership of his own city, Athens. He also promoted democracy.

Question 5

Peloponnesian Wars:

Answer 5

a war fought for supremacy in Greece from 431 to 404 bc, in which Athens and her allies were defeated by the league centred on Sparta.

Question 6

Philip II of Macedon

Answer 6

the king of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.

Question 7

Hellenistic Period

Answer 7

covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.

Question 8

Alexandria

Answer 8

After conquering Syria in 332 BCE, Alexander the Great swept down into Egypt with his army. He founded Alexandria in the small port town of Rhakotis by the sea and set about the task of turning it into a great capital.

Question 9

Roman Republic

Answer 9

was the era of classical Roman civilization, led by the Roman people, beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

Question 10

Punic wars

Answer 10

a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire.

Question 11

Carthage

Answer 11

was an ancient Phoenician city-state and civilization

Question 12

Hannibal

Answer 12

a latinization of the Carthaginian masculine given name

Question 13

Julius Caesar

Answer 13

a renowned general, politician and scholar in ancient Rome who conquered the vast region of Gaul and helped initiate the end of the Roman Republic when he became dictator of the Roman Empire.

Question 14

Augustus Caesar

Answer 14

Returning to Rome in triumph, Octavian added the title Augustus (meaning “sacred” or “exalted”) to his adopted surname, Caesar, and remained imperator for life. The vast Roman Empire, long contested by consuls and generals, was now firmly in the grasp of an emperor: Augustus Caesar.

Question 15

Diocletian

Answer 15

a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of the Emperor Carus’s army.

Question 16

Constantine

Answer 16

Or also known as Constantine the Great was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea, he was the son of Flavius Constantius, an Illyrian army officer who became one of the four emperors of the Tetrarchy.

Question 17

Direct Democracy

Answer 17

forms of direct participation of citizens in democratic decision making.

Question 18

Senate

Answer 18

the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights

Question 19

Consuls

Answer 19

one of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the republic.

Question 20

Cicero

Answer 20

a Roman orator, statesman, and writer. He was born on 6 January 106 BCE at either Arpinum or Sora, 70 miles south-east of Rome, in the Volscian mountains. His father was an affluent eques, and the family was distantly related to Gaius Marius.

Question 21

Aristotle

Answer 21

Greek philosopher and scientist who wrote about virtually every area of knowledge, including most of the sciences.

Question 22

Stoics

Answer 22

an ancient Greek school of philosophy founded at Athens by Zeno of Citium. The school taught that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason (also identified with Fate and Providence) that governs nature, and are indifferent to the vicissitudes of fortune and to pleasure and pain.

Question 23

Socrates

Answer 23

a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought.

Question 24

Plato

Answer 24

was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Question 25

Sophocles

Answer 25

an ancient Greek dramatist who lived from about 496 to about 406 BCE. He wrote over 100 plays and was one of the three famous Greek tragedians (along with Aeschylus and Euripides).

Question 26

Odyssey and Iliad

Answer 26

The Iliad tells the story of the Greek struggle to rescue Helen, a Greek queen, from her Trojan captors. The Odyssey takes the fall of the city of Troy as its starting point and crafts a new epic around the struggle of one of those Greek warriors, the hero Odysseus.

Question 27

Sappho

Answer 27

630 – c. 570 BC) was an Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos.

Question 28

Doric

Answer 28

was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian

Question 29

Ionic

Answer 29

ancient Greek architectural order distinguished especially by fluted columns on bases and scroll volutes in its capitals — see order illustration.

Question 30

Corinthian

Answer 30

relating to the lightest and most ornate of the three ancient Greek architectural orders distinguished especially by its large capitals decorated with carved acanthus leaf.