Grecia y Roma Clasica

Question 1

Cyrus the Great

Answer 1

Conqueror who founded the Achaemenian empire, he is also remembered in the Cyrus legend. In the Bible he is the liberator of the jews who were captured in Babylonia.

Question 2

Zoroastrianism

Answer 2

One of the world’s oldest continuously practiced religions centered on centered on a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate conquest of evil with theological elements of henotheism, monotheism/monism, and polytheism

Question 3

Olympic Games

Answer 3

The greatest of the games or festivals of ancient Greece, held every four years in the plain of Olympia in Elis, in honor of Zeus.

Question 4

Pericles

Answer 4

A statesman of ancient Greece, who tried to unite the country under the leadership of his own city, Athens.

Question 5

Peloponnesian Wars

Answer 5

an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases.

Question 6

Philip II of Macedon

Answer 6

the king of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC, he was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings and the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.

Question 7

Hellenistic Period

Answer 7

the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire.

Question 8

Alexandria

Answer 8

one of the greatest cities of antiquity, regarded as the greatest intellectual center in the world, it was home to the great Alexandria Library and the Pharos Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

Question 9

Roman Republic

Answer 9

the era of classical Roman civilization, led by the Roman people, beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire

Question 10

Punic Wars

Answer 10

a series of three wars between 264 and 146 BC fought by the states of Rome and Carthage.

Question 11

Carthage

Answer 11

an ancient Phoenician city-state and civilization located in present-day Tunisia. Founded around 814 BC as a colony of Tyre, within centuries it became the center of the Carthaginian Empire, a major commercial and maritime power that dominated the western Mediterranean until the mid third century BC.

Question 12

Hannibal

Answer 12

a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage’s main forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history.

Question 13

Julius Caesar

Answer 13

a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

Question 14

Augustus Caesar

Answer 14

the first Roman emperor, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. His status as the founder of the Roman Principate has consolidated an enduring legacy as one of the most effective and controversial leaders in human history.

Question 15

Diocletian

Answer 15

a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of the Emperor Carus’s army. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor.

Question 16

Constantine

Answer 16

a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea, he was the son of Flavius Constantius.

Question 17

Direct Democracy

Answer 17

a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly.

Question 18

Senate

Answer 18

a governing and advisory assembly in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being established in the first days of the city of Rome.

Question 19

Consuls

Answer 19

the chairmen of the Senate, which served as a board of advisers. They also commanded the Roman army and exercised the highest juridical power in the Roman empire.

Question 20

Cicero

Answer 20

a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar and Academic skeptic who played an important role in the politics of the late Roman Republic and in vain tried to uphold republican principles during the crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire.

Question 21

Aristotle

Answer 21

a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition.

Question 22

Stoics

Answer 22

members of the ancient philosophical school of Stoicism, a philosophy of personal ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world. It was founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BC.

Question 23

Socrates

Answer 23

a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought.

Question 24

Plato

Answer 24

an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Question 25

Sophocles

Answer 25

one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than, or contemporary with, those of Aeschylus and earlier than, or contemporary with those of Euripides.

Question 26

Odyssey and Iliad

Answer 26

an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles.

Question 27

Sappho

Answer 27

an Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos. Sappho is known for her lyric poetry, written to be sung while accompanied by a lyre. In ancient times, Sappho was widely regarded as one of the greatest lyric poets and was given names such as the "Tenth Muse" and "The Poetess".

Question 28

Doric

Answer 28

one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns.

Question 29

Ionic

Answer 29

one of the three canonic orders of classical architecture. Of the three classical canonic orders, the Ionic order has the narrowest columns. It has scroll-shaped ornaments on the capital, which sits at the top of the column shaft.

Question 30

Corinthian

Answer 30

the most ornate, slender and sleek of the three Greek orders. They are distinguished by a decorative, bell-shaped capital with volutes, two rows of acanthus leaves and an elaborate cornice. In many instances, the column is fluted.