great war

Question 1

why did scot’s volunteer to fight

Answer 1

propaganda
patriotism
pals battalions
peer pressure
sense of adventure
fear of unemployment

Question 2

what was life like in the trenches

Answer 2

trench foot
boredom
shell shock
lice
rats
rationed food

Question 3

advantages and disadvantages of using gas

Answer 3

could blind enemy
attack by surprise
however invention of gas masks made gas less effective
if wind changed could kill own troops

Question 4

advantages and disadvantages of machine guns

Answer 4

kill hundreds of men at once
good for defending troops going over the top
however needed 4 men to operate
could overheat and jam

Question 5

advantages and disadvantages of of heavy artillery

Answer 5

fire long distances
destroy enemy trenches
however could accidentally fire on own troops
very noisy make shell shock worse

Question 6

advantages and disadvantages of aircraft

Answer 6

could drop bombs on enemy
could see where the enemy were
however there was no real understanding of aircraft
weather could affect the aircraft

Question 7

advantages and disadvantages of tanks

Answer 7

provided good defense for soldiers going thru no man’s land
bullet proof
fitted with guns
however slow moving
often got stuck in mud

Question 8

examples of DORA

Answer 8

no one was allowed to talk about naval or military matter in public
no one was allowed to spread rumors about military matters
no one was allowed to buy binoculars
not allowed to light bonfires or fire works
no one was allowed to ring church bells

Question 9

changing role of women

Answer 9

When men went to war women had to step into their jobs to keep the country running

women in Scotland were employed making munitions

Scottish women also worked as conductors on trams and buses, as typists and secretaries

This was a huge shift for women who had traditionally been housewives
ves

Question 10

rationing

Answer 10

• Rationing was gradually introduced and was in force throughout Scotland by April 1918.
• Sugar was the first to be rationed and this was later followed by butcher meat.

• Town councils were encouraged to allocate patches of land to townspeople to grow vegetables.
• The government also began a propaganda campaign to reduce waste and produce more food.
• British farmers were paid subsidies to plough up pasture land and plant crops such as potatoes and wheat which were rich in carbohydrates.
• As a result of these measures, although there was a degree of scarcity, Britain was never faced with food shortages on the same scale as Germany.

Question 11

propaganda

Answer 11

• Propaganda was used in posters, newspapers, cinemas, etc

• All propaganda was designed to gain support for the war effort

• Some encouraged mento join the warby appealing to ideas of patriotism and guiltthatthey hadto do their bit to protect their country and their families

• Others encouraged women to take up men’s jobs as this was required

• Others encouraged people not to waste food to help the war effort

• Others encouraged hatred of the Germans and told exaggerated tales of brutality

• Most propaganda was exaggerated for dramatic effect and designed to provoke a reaction

Question 12

what are some reserved occupations

Answer 12

coal mining
steel
shipbuilding

Question 13

reasons for the decline of heavy industry after WW1

Answer 13

reliance on war orders
New technology
World trade
Foreign Competition
industrial Action

Question 14

impact on shipbuilding

Answer 14

During the war Scottish shipyards thrived on orders to make war ships for the navy

However when the war ended and steel prices rose many yards closed and men were left unemployed as they didn’t receive the same number of orders

Question 15

impact on fishing

Answer 15

• When war broke out, Scotland’s East coast fishing industry faced hard times.

• Initially the North Sea was almosttotally closed to fishing, although when food supplies became scarce restrictions were lifted. However, by this point many boats and crews were serving as support to the Royal Navy.

• In 1918, the fishing industry faced rising fuel costs and needed to repair and re-equip boats after war service.

• Although the fishing industry did recover, traditional export markets in Germany, Eastern Europe and Russia were lost due to revolution and post-war changes.

Question 16

impact on agriculture

Answer 16

• In 1914, Britain produced 40 per cent of the food it consumed - enough to last for only three days per week.

The other days depended on imported meatfrom Argentina, mutton and dairy produce from Australia and New Zealand, and wheat from the USA and Canada.

• Before the war, farmers in Britain faced hard times as public demand for cheap food led to an increasing reliance on foreign imports.

• When war broke out these imports were threatened by Germany’s U-Boat campaign which sought to starve
Britain into submission.

• At first, farmers profited from the increased demand. For example, in 1917 the government bought all wool sheared from sheep in Britain to produce uniforms and army blankets.

• The main problems for farms were the loss of men to the army and also the loss of many horses, as they too were taken for military service.

Question 17

new industries in the 1920s

Answer 17

• New industries, such as electronics, radio and car production became increasingly important in the 1920s. They used mass production and were powered by electricity.

• However, these industries mainly developed in England which had a good electricity supply and many potential customers.

• In Scotland, there were large areas that still were not connected to the national grid. In addition, mass unemployment and poverty meant that most Scots could not afford the new products.

• Therefore, the Scottish economy did not benefit from these new industries.

Question 18

what was it like for women before WW1

Answer 18

• Women earned less than men (by as much as 40 per cent).

• Women often had to give up their job when they married, and certainly if they became pregnant.

• Girls studied domestic subjects that prepared them up to be good wives and mothers.

• It was very difficult for women to get into university, and it was seen as a pointless waste of money.

• Women could note vote in a General Elections.

• They could vote in local elections if they paid rates.

• Women could divorce their husbands and retain access to their children.

• They could keep their own property and money.

Question 19

methods of suffragists

Answer 19

Leaflets
• Letters
Public Meetings
• Marches
• Lobbied MPs
• Posters
• Demonstrations

Question 20

methods of suffragettes

Answer 20

Arson
• Attacking MPs
• Blowing uppost boxes
• Smashing windows
• Setting fires
• Chaining themselves to public buildings
• Acid attacks

Question 21

why did people become conscientious objectors

Answer 21

some were religious objectors and believed in “thou shalt not kill” who refused to fight on religious grounds.

some were pacifists who believed killing was wrong and objected to fighting in the war because of that

some were political who believed the germans were the same as them but from another country