GRE words begin with I Flashcards
iconoclast
noun [ C ] formal
UK /aɪˈkɒn.ə.klæst/ US /aɪˈkɑː.nə.klæst/
(n.)>somebody who challenges established beliefs, customs, and values
>a person who strongly opposes generally accepted beliefs and traditions:
ผู้ทำลายรูปบูชา,ผู้ทำลายภาพพจน์, ผู้คัดค้านความเชื่อเดิมๆ
Rogers, an iconoclast in architecture, is sometimes described as putting the insides of buildings on the outside.
idiosyncrasy
noun [ C usually plural ]
UK /ˌɪd.i.əˈsɪŋ.krə.si/ US /ˌɪd.i.əˈsɪŋ.krə.si/
(n.) >any personal peculiarity, mannerism
>a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving, or feature that someone or something has:
ลักษณะเฉพาะ,คุณสมบัติเฉพาะ,นิสัยเฉพาะ
- She often cracks her knuckles when she’s speaking - it’s one of her little idiosyncrasies.
- One of the idiosyncrasies of this printer is that you can’t stop it once it has started.
Compare
foible, mannerism
immaculate
UK /ɪˈmæk.jə.lət/ US /ɪˈmæk.jə.lət/
(a.)> perfectly clean, pure; without faults
adjective approving
>perfectly clean or tidy:
สะอาดและเป็นระเบียบมาก บริสุทธ์ ไร้มลทิน
dressed in an immaculate white suit
an immaculate garden
imminent
adjective
UK /ˈɪm.ɪ.nənt/ US /ˈɪm.ə.nənt/
(a.) >about to happen
C2
>coming or likely to happen very soon:
จวนตัว,ฉุกเฉิน,ใกล้เข้ามา
imminent disaster/danger
A strike is imminent.
Synonym
impending
immure
verb [ T ] literary
UK /ɪˈmjʊər/ US /ɪˈmjʊr/
(v.) >to imprison, to incarcerate
>to put someone inside something such as a prison or tomb (= a place where dead bodies are buried) and keep them there:
กักขัง,จำคุก,ขัง
- The aristocracy chose to immure its dead in church vaults or specially constructed mausoleums.
- The false uncle sealed the mouth of the underground chamber and immured Aladdin in the darkness.
impede
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ɪmˈpiːd/ US /ɪmˈpiːd/
(v.) >to be a hindrance การหยุดยั้ง or obstacle to
>to make it more difficult for something to happen or more difficult for someone to do something:
ต้าน, ต้านทาน, ขัดขวาง, หน่วงเหนี่ยว, กีดขวาง, เป็นอุปสรรค
Although he’s shy, it certainly hasn’t impeded his career in any way.
impetuous
adjective
UK /ɪmˈpetʃ.u.əs/ US /ɪmˈpetʃ.u.əs/
(a.)> characterized by excessive haste and lack of deliberation(ความรอบคอบ); moving with great force and energy
>likely to do something suddenly, without considering the results of your actions:
หุนหันพลันแล่น, บุ่มบ่าม
He’s so impetuous - why can’t he think things over before he rushes into them?
importune
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ˌɪm.pɔːˈtʃuːn/ US /ˌɪm.pɔːrˈtuːn/
(v.) >to trouble with demands; to beg for insistently
>to make repeated, forceful requests for something, usually in a way that is annoying or causing slight problems:
คะยั้นคะยอ,รบเร้า,เรียกร้อง
As a tourist, you are importuned for money the moment you step outside your hotel.
>to ask for sex with someone in return for payment:
He was arrested for importuning a young boy outside the station.
imprecate
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ˌɪm.pɔːˈtʃuːn/ US /ˌɪm.pɔːrˈtuːn/
(v.) >to pray for evil; to invoke a curse
>to make repeated, forceful requests for something, usually in a way that is annoying or causing slight problems:
สาป,แช่ง,แช่งด่า
As a tourist, you are importuned for money the moment you step outside your hotel.
to ask for sex with someone in return for payment:
He was arrested for importuning a young boy outside the station.
improvise
verb [ I or T ]
UK /ˈɪm.prə.vaɪz/ US /ˈɪm.prə.vaɪz/
(v.) >to perform without preparation
>to invent or make something, such as a speech or a device, at the time when it is needed without already having planned it:
แสดงสด (ไม่ได้เตรียมตัวมาก่อน) แก้ปัญหาเฉพาะหน้า ?
- I hadn’t prepared a speech so I suddenly had to improvise.
- We improvised a mattress from a pile of blankets.”
impudent
adjective
UK /ˈɪm.pjə.dənt/ US /ˈɪm.pjə.dənt/
(a.) >showing casual disrespect
>rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone who is older or in a more important position:
ทะลึ่ง,ก๋ากั่น,ยโสโอหัง,อวดดี
an impudent remark/child
impugn
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ɪmˈpjuːn/ US /ɪmˈpjuːn/
(v.) >to criticize or cast doubt on
>to cause people to doubt someone’s character, qualities, or reputation by criticizing them:
ซักถาม,แย้ง,กล่าวหา,ประณาม
Are you impugning my competence as a professional designer?
incarcerate
verb [ T ]
UK /ɪnˈkɑː.sər.eɪt/ US /ɪnˈkɑːr.sə.reɪt/
(v.)> to put somebody in prison
formal
>to put or keep someone in prison or in a place used as a prison:
จำคุก, กักขัง, คุมขัง
-Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or incarcerated.
> to keep someone in a closed place and prevent them from leaving it:
-We were incarcerated in that broken elevator for four hours.
incendiary
adjective
UK /ɪnˈsen.di.ə.ri/ US /ɪnˈsen.di.er.i/
(a.; n.) >intending or designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife; one who sets fires or causes strife
[ before noun ]
>designed to cause fires:
ก่อให้เกิดเพลิง,ซึ่งก่อความไม่สงบ (a)
วัตถุระเบิด,ผู้ลอบวางเพลิง,ผู้ก่อความไม่สงบ (n)
an incendiary bomb/device
inception
noun [ S ]
UK /ɪnˈsep.ʃən/ US /ɪnˈsep.ʃən/
(n.) >the beginning of something
>the beginning of an organization or official activity:
การเริ่ม, การเริ่มแรก, การเริ่มมีผลบังคับ
Since its inception in 1968, the company has been at the forefront of computer development.
Synonyms
beginning, origin
inchoate
adjective literary
UK /ɪnˈkəʊ.eɪt/ US /ɪnˈkoʊ.eɪt/
(a.) >just beginning to develop; lacking structure or organization
>only recently or partly formed, or not completely developed or clear:
เพิ่งเริ่มต้น
She had a child’s inchoate awareness of language.
incredulous
adjective
UK /ɪnˈkredʒ.ə.ləs/ US /ɪnˈkredʒ.ə.ləs/
(a.) >skeptical
>not wanting or not able to believe something, and usually showing this:
ไม่เชื่อ, กังขา, สงสัย
A few incredulous spectators watched on as Paterson, ranked 23rd in the world, beat the champion.
Opposite
credulous / formal
inculcate
verb [ T ] formal
UK /ˈɪŋ.kʌl.keɪt/ US /ˈɪŋ.kʌl.keɪt/
(v.) >to teach by frequent repetition
>to fix beliefs or ideas in someone’s mind, especially by repeating them often:
อบรม,พร่ำสอน,จ้ำจี้จ้ำไช,ย้ำ
Our coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players.
Synonym
infuse
indemnify
“verb [ T ]
UK /ɪnˈdem.nɪ.faɪ/ US /ɪnˈdem.nə.faɪ/
(v.) >to insure against or pay for loss or damage
FINANCE & ECONOMICS formal or specialized
>to pay or promise to pay someone an amount of money if they suffer damage or loss:
ชดใช้ค่าเสียหาย, ชดใช้, ทำขวัญ, ประกัน, คุ้มครองค่าเสียหาย
-In return for a premium, the underwriter agrees to indemnify the insured against losses covered by the insurance.
LAW specialized
>to protect someone against legal responsibility for their actions:
-He cannot sue, because the government had indemnified the company.
indigent
adjective formal
UK /ˈɪn.dɪ.dʒənt/ US /ˈɪn.dɪ.dʒənt/
(a.) >needy, impoverished
>very poor
ยากจน,ขัดสน,ไม่พอใช้,ขาดแคลน
a charity for the relief of indigent artists.
Synonyms
destitute, impoverished formal needy, poverty-stricken”
indolent
adjective literary
UK /ˈɪn.dəl.ənt/ US /ˈɪn.dəl.ənt/
(a.) >lazy
>showing no real interest or effort:
ขี้เกียจ, เกียจคร้าน
- an indolent wave of the hand
- an indolent reply
ineffable
adjective formal
UK /ɪˈnef.ə.bəl/ US /ˌɪnˈef.ə.bəl/
(a.)> impossible to describe in words
>causing so much emotion, especially pleasure, that it cannot be described:
สุดจะพรรณนา,เหลือที่จะกล่าว
ineffable joy/beauty
Synonym
indescribable
inexorable
adjective formal
UK /ɪˈnek.sər.ə.bəl/ US /ˌɪnˈek.sər.ə.bəl/
(a.)> impossible to stop
>continuing without any possibility of being stopped:
ซึ่งไม่อาจหยุดยั้ง
the inexorable progress of science
ingenuous
adjective formal
UK /ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/ US /ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/
(a.)> innocent, naive; honest
>honest, sincere, and trusting, sometimes in a way that seems silly:
เปิดเผย,ตรงไปตรงมา,ซื่อ,ไม่มีเล่ห์เหลี่ยม, บริสุทธิ์ใจ
It has to be said it was rather ingenuous of him to ask a complete stranger to take care of his luggage.
Opposite
disingenuous formal
ingratiate
verb [ T ] disapproving
US /ɪnˈɡreɪ·ʃiˌeɪt/
(v.) >to seek to please somebody to gain favor
>to try to make yourself especially pleasant in order to get someone to like or approve of you, and often to influence someone to do something for you:
ทำให้คนชอบ,ประจบสอพลอ,เอาใจ
He tries to ingratiate himself with the boss by saying that all her ideas are brilliant.
insidious
adjective
UK /ɪnˈsɪd.i.əs/ US /ɪnˈsɪd.i.əs/
(a.) >slowly and subtly* harmful ข้าใจยาก ลึกลับ มีเลศนัย
>(of something unpleasant or dangerous) gradually and secretly causing harm:
เคลือบแฝง,มีเล่ห์เหลี่ยม, แอบแฝง, ค่อยเป็นค่อยไป
High blood pressure is an insidious condition which has few symptoms.
insipid
adjective disapproving
UK /ɪnˈsɪp.ɪd/ US /ɪnˈsɪp.ɪd/
(a.) >dull; lacking flavor
>not having a strong taste or character, or having no interest or energy:
ไม่น่าสนใจ,จืดชืด,ไม่มีรสชาติ,ไม่มีชีวิตชีวา
- a pale insipid wine
- He’s an insipid old bore.
- Why anyone buys music with such insipid lyrics is a mystery.
insolence
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈɪn.səl.əns/ US /ˈɪn.səl.əns/
(n.) >disrespect, rudeness
>rude behaviour that does not show respect:
ความอวดดี,ความทะลึ่ง,ความดูถูก,ความไร้มารยาท, ความทะนง
- She tried just to ignore their insolence.
- There was no excuse for such insolence.
inure
UK /ɪnˈjʊər/ US /ɪnˈjʊr/
formal
(v.) >to cause to accept or become hardened to, to habituate
inure sb to sth
— phrasal verb with inure verb
>If you become inured to something unpleasant, you become familiar with it and able to accept and bear it:
ทำให้คุ้นเคยกับ,ทำให้ชินกับ
After spending some time on the island they became
inured to the hardships.
inveterate
adjective
UK /ɪnˈvet.ər.ət/ US /ɪnˈvet̬.ɚ.ət/
(a.) >firmly established in a habit
>an inveterate liar, gambler, etc.
>someone who does something very often and cannot stop doing it:
ซึ่งติดเป็นนิสัย
I never trust anything he says - the man’s an inveterate liar.
Synonym
chronic
itinerant
adjective [ before noun ]
UK /aɪˈtɪn.ər.ənt/ US /aɪˈtɪn.ɚ.ənt/
(a.; n.) >moving around to find work; a person who travels from place to place
>travelling from one place to another, usually to work for a short period:
ที่เดินทางหรือท่องเที่ยวไปในที่ต่างๆ
an itinerant journalist/labourer/preacher
