GRE vocab 1 Flashcards
Elucidation
clarification, explanation
Ochlocracy
mob rule
Plutocracy
gov. run by the wealthy
Oligarchy
gov run by a few powerful people
Magisterial
commanding and dignified
Disquietude
a state of anxiety
Surreptitious
secret, stealthy
Decrepitude
a state of deterioration due to old age or long use
Expository
intended to explain or describe something
Imbibe
(v.) to drink; to take in, absorb
Abnegate/Abjure/Abdicate
renounce or reject (something desired or valuable)
Unctuous, obsequious, to Kowtow
(of a person) excessively or ingratiatingly flattering; oily:
Exegesis
critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially of scripture.
Vociferous
loud and noisy; compelling attention
Scrupulous
principled, very careful and conscientious
Excogitating/cogitation
think out, plan, or devise
Impinging
have an effect or impact, especially a negative one
Didactic
intended to teach
Raillery/Japery
practical joke; say or do something in jest or mockery.
Disavowal
denial; disclaiming; repudiating; disowning; V. disavow
Promulgate
promote or make widely known (an idea or cause): these objectives have to be promulgated within the organization.
• put (a law or decree) into effect by official proclamation: in January 1852, the new constitution was promulgated.
Callow
(especially of a young person) inexperienced and immature: earnest and callow undergraduates.
Taxonomy
the classification of something, especially organisms: the taxonomy of these fossils.
Bellicose/Belligerent/Truculent/Pugnacious
demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight: a group of bellicose patriots.
Ignominy; n, Opprobrium; n
public shame or disgrace: the ignominy of being imprisoned.
Indemnify
compensate (someone) for harm or loss: the amount of insurance that may be carried to indemnify the owner in the event of a loss.
• secure (someone) against legal responsibility for their actions: the newspaper could not be forced to indemnify the city for personal-injury liability.
Constancy
the quality of being faithful and dependable.
• the quality of being enduring and unchanging: the trade winds are noted for constancy in speed and direction.
Incisive
trenchant; penetrating ; remarkably clear + direct; keen; acute
Apostate
One who renounces a belief
Keen
Sharp or penetrating in intellect, insight or perception
Inert
having no inherent power of action, motion, or resistance (as opposed to active)
Flout
to treat with disdain, scorn, or contempt; scoff at; mock
Propitiate
To make favorably inclined; appease; conciliate
Coagulate
congeal; curdle; change from fluid into a thicker mass
Recondite, arcane, inscrutable, abstruse, obscure
esoteric knowledge about profound or difficult subject matter
Quibble
slight objection or criticism; to raise objection about something that is trivial
Solicitous
characterized by or showing interest or concern
Confound/Bemuse
to cause surprise or confusion in somebody else
Obstinate, Obdurate, Recalcitrant, Intransigent, Intractable, Obstreperous , Refractory , Tenacious
stubbornly refusing; unyielding; intractable
Relegate
(v) send or commit to an inferior place, rank, condition, etc.; exile, banish; assign (a task) to someone else
Delineate
(v.) to portray, sketch, or describe precisely
Felicitous
(adj.) appropriate, apt, well chosen; marked by well-being or good fortune, happy
Striated
furrowed; striped; streaked
Parry
(v.) to ward off, fend off, deflect, evade, avoid; (n.) a defensive movement in fencing and other sports
Magnanimous/Liberality/Munificent/ Unstinting
generous; charitable; forgiving
Emulate
to try to equal or excel; imitate with effort to equal or surpass
Sanction
Give authority or permission to; legal penalty for a forbidden action
Insensible
without one’s mental faculties, typically a result of violence or intoxication; unconscious.
Precarious
uncertain; risky; lacking in security or stability
Analogus
comparable; similarity b/w like features of two things
Caustic
(adj.) corrosive; able to burn or eat away by chemical action; biting, sarcastic in a scathing way
Empirical
based on or concerned with observations not just logic
Implicit
implied though not plainly expressed
Solipsism
the theory that the self is the only reality; the quality of being selfish or self-centered
Indolent
wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy
Facetious
treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant; glib; frivolous
Tenuous
having little substance or strength; weak connection; very weak; flimsy
Maverick
one who is independent and resists adherence to a group
Politic
shrewd and practical in managing or dealing with things; diplomatic
Coda
concluding part of a literary or musical composition; something that summarizes or concludes
Discrete
unconnected; separate; distinct
Complaisant
Eager to please; cheerfully complying
Yoke
to bind; the quality of being oppressive ex) the yoke of capitalism
Mendacious
dishonest, deceitful
Strut
supporting bar
Distill
purify; refine; get to the essential meaning of something
Partisan
a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; devotee
Insularity
ignorance of or lack of interest in cultures, ideas, or peoples outside one’s own experience
Reproach
express disapproval or disappointment
Sage
a profoundly wise person
Penchant
a strong inclination or liking
Perenial
(adj.) lasting for a long time, persistent; (n.) a plant that lives for many years
Supposition
an uncertain belief
Welter
a confused multitude of things; move in turbulent manner
Tortuous
(adj.) winding, twisted, crooked; highly involved, complex; devious
Buttress
a support or prop
Subterfuge
an excuse or trick (artifice) for escaping or hiding something
Skulk
to move stealthily; to lie in hiding
Exorbitant
(adj.) unreasonably high; excessive
Congenial
(adj.) getting on well with others; agreeable, pleasant
Preponderance
the quality or fact of being greater in quantity, or importance
Penitent
showing or feeling regret for wrongdoing, repentant
Kinesthetic
the sensation of movement or strain in muscles, tendons, and joints; muscle sense.
Descry
to detect through careful observation
Choleric
bad-tempered or irritable
Assay
analyze; test; evaluate
Adumbrate
to foreshadow
Discountenance
To look upon with disfavor;
to disapprove of
Bilious
peevish or irritable; sickeningly unpleasant
Commiserate
(v.) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress
Reprove
to gently criticize or correct
Polity
an organized society, such as a nation, state, church, or other organization, having a specific form of government
Inane
(adj.) silly, empty of meaning or value
Miscreant
a person who behaves badly or in a way that breaks the law
Paean
song of joy or triumph; a fervent expression of joy
Panygeric
formal or elaborate praise
Sojourn
(n)- A temporary stay
(v)- To stay for a time
[syn]- ((n)): visit, stopover, brief stay
Oratory
the art of public speaking
Elocution
the skill of clear and expressive speech, especially of distinct pronunciation and articulation.
Tottering
move in a feeble or unsteady way
Stalwart
loyal, reliable, and hardworking
Irrefragable/incontrovertible/indubitably (adv)
not able to be refuted or disproved; indisputable
Nonplussed
surprised and confused so much that they are unsure how to react; perplexed
Incapacitated
prevent from functioning in a normal way; deprived of strength or power
Stout
plump; stocky; substantial; brave and determined
Abashed
embarrassed, ashamed
Dolorous
Feeling or expressing great sorrow or distress
Petulant
childishly sulky or bad-tempered
Tempestuous
characterized by strong and turbulent or conflicting emotion
Pliant
bending readily; easily influenced
Capitulate
(v.) to end resistance, give up, surrender, throw in the towel
Interloper
a person who interferes or meddles in the affairs of others
Interpose/Intercalate/Interpolate
To place or come between; to intervene or interrupt; to mediate
Circumnavigate
to sail or travel all the way around; to avoid an obstacle; avoid dealing with something
Compulsory
required by law or a rule; obligatory; mandatory
Apogee
farthest or highest point; culmination; zenith
Dimunitive
extremely or unusually small
Adversaries
opponents, enemies
Injudicious
not sensible or wise; not appropriate in a particular situation
Discretionary
subject to one’s own judgment
Mercenary
a professional soldier hired by a foreign army; primarily concerned with making money at the expense of ethics
Prolocutor
One who speaks for another; spokesman; chairman
Countenance
(n) a person’s face or facial expression; (v) to approve, support or encourage
Provenance
place or source of origin; a record of ownership of a work of art or an antique, used as a guide to authenticity or quality
Attuned
familiar with someone or something so that you can understand or recognize them or it, and act in an appropriate way
Disengenuous
characterized by lying or falsehood
Metamorphosis
a transformation or dramatic change
Sedulously / Sedulous
Faithfully; done diligently and carefully
Expiate
(v.) to make amends, to atone
Taper
to become smaller or thinner toward one end
Occult
beyond the range of ordinary knowledge or understanding; mysterious
Brood
Ponder; to think or worry persistently or moodily about
Astute
having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one’s advantage
Sententious/Sanctimonious/Priggish
(adj.) self-righteous, characterized by moralizing; (adj.) making a show of virtue or righteousness; hypocritically moralistic or pious, self-righteous, canting, holier-than-thou
Interminable
incapable of being terminated; unending
Instantiate
to provide an instance of or concrete evidence in support of (a theory, concept, claim, or the like).
Recreant
Cowardly; unfaithful; traitorous
Meritorious
deserving praise, reward, esteem
Earnest
serious in intention, purpose, or effort
Cache
hiding place
Clement
merciful; lenient; compassionate
Reprisal
an act of retaliation
Proverbial
having become an object of common mention or reference
Filial
of, relating to, or befitting a son or daughter
Circuitous
roundabout, not direct
Prosaic
commonplace or dull; matter-of-fact or unimaginative
Buffet
A blow; violent shock or concussion
Vituperate
to use harsh condemnatory language; to abuse or censure severely or abusively; to berate
Insurgent
rebel
Abiding
Continuing without change; enduring; steadfast
Indomitable
that cannot be subdued or overcome, as persons, will, or courage; unconquerable
Liminal
relating to a transitional or initial stage of a process
Magnetism
Strong attractive power or charm
Sumptuous
extravagantly splendid or costly; luxurious
Torque
a force that causes rotation
Chasm
A breach or wide fissure
Elixir/Panacea
Remedy for all disease or ills; cure-all
Cavalcade
Noteworthy series of events or activities; A procession of persons riding horses
Foible
a minor character flaw
Preclude
to make impossible; to prevent the occurrence or existence of
Incipient
beginning to exist or appear; in an initial stage
Redolent
having a pleasant odor; suggestive or evocative
Insidious
intended to entrap or beguile
Revile
to assail with contemptuous or opprobrious language; address or speak of abusively
Conformable
similar
Row/Fracas
fight; argument
Loathsome
causing hatred or disgust; repulsive
Objectionable
offensive; arousing disapproval
Unwieldly/Cumbersome
burdensome
Apprise
(v.) to inform of; to make aware of by giving oral or written notice
Maintain
to assert
Parochial
narrowly restricted in scope or outlook
Amenable
agreeable; easily persuaded
Intimate
to suggest something subtly
Disenterested
free of bias or self-interest; impartial; neutral
Equivocal
confusing or ambiguous
Restive
impatient, uneasy, or restless
Qualify
reach a necessary standard; limit the meaning of something stated; to make less severe
Belie
contradict; give a false impression; misrepresent
Impertinent, insolent, impudent
Disrespectful; improperly forward or bold
Venality
the condition of being susceptible to bribes or corruption
Gall
impudent behavior; feeling of deep and bitter anger/ill-will
Gainsay
to deny; dispute; oppose; contradict
Prescience (prescient)
knowledge of things before they happen; foresight
Glut
an oversupply; to oversupply
Inexorable
impossible to stop or prevent
Concede
acknowledge defeat; admit ( to a wrongdoing); surrender/relinquish
Volubility
the quality of talking or writing easily and continuously
Platitude
a trite or obvious remark
Gossamer
thin, light, delicate
Perfidy, Perfidious
deliberate breach of faith or trust; disloyalty — treacherous; traitorous; deceitful; faithless
Germane
(adj.) relevant, appropriate, apropos, fitting
Treacherous
dangerously unstable and unpredictable; tending to betray
Derivative (n) ; Derivation (n) ; Derive (v)
unoriginal; taken from something already existing; to take or receive from a source; to obtain through reasoning
Eminent
standing above others in quality or position
Precocious
(adj.) showing unusually early development or maturity (especially in talents and mental capacity)
Delineate
describe in detail
Disaffected
rebellious, resentful of authority
Ascetic
practicing self-denial; austere
Travesty
An absurd presentation of something; a mockery
Haughty/Hauteur/Cavalier/Supercilious/Imperious
Having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain if those one views as unworthy
Vilify
to malign, to defame, to utter abusive statements against
Heretic
a person who holds unorthodox opinions in any field (not merely religion)
Vehement
marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions
Subsume
to include, incorporate
Fallacious
of a belief that is based on faulty reasoning
Insidious
Working in a subtle but destructive way
Forlorn
marked by or showing hopelessness
Credulity
tendency to believe things too quickly or easily
Negligible
so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant.
Incongruous
lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness
Denote
be a sign of; indicate
Admonitory/admonish
serving to warn; expressing reproof or reproach especially as a corrective
Gauche (go-sh)
lacking social graces; tactless
Exacting
demanding perfection; strict
Bumbling
lacking physical movement skills, especially with the hands
Incorrigible
incapable of being reformed or improved; impervious to correction by punishment
Provincial
characteristic of a limited perspective; not fashionable or sophisticated
Contingent
a gathering of persons representative of some larger group
Hackneyed
overused, cliched
Denigrate/Calumny/Besmirch
charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone; defame
Consecrate
to make holy or set apart for a high purpose
Forthcoming
adjective: available when required or as promised
Synonyms : approaching , coming , upcoming
The President announced that the senators were about to reach a compromise, and that he was eager to read the forthcoming details of the bill.
adjective: at ease in talking to others
Synonyms : extroverted , outgoing
As a husband, Larry was not forthcoming: if Jill didn’t demand to know details, Larry would never share them with her.
Expound
to explain in detail; to clarify; state in depth
Pedantic
marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects
Winsome
(adj.) charming, attractive, pleasing (often suggesting a childlike charm and innocence)
Prolific
intellectually productive
Resurgent
rising again as to new life and vigor
Haphazard
marked by great carelessness; dependent upon or characterized by chance
Propitious
presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious: likely to result in or show signs of success
Inveterate
habitual
Constituent
an abstract part of something
Rescind
cancel officially
Prodigious
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Circumscribe
restrict or confine
Irrevocable (ear-rev-a-ca-bul)
Incapable of being retracted or revoked
Inimical
hostile (usually describes environments or conditions), unfriendly, or harmful
Antithetical (antithesis), Antipodal
Diametrical : in direct opposition; being at opposite extremes; sharply contrasted
Tractable
easily managed or controlled; docile; yielding
Imprudent
not wise
Maladroit
clumsy; inept
Elicit
(v.) to draw forth, bring out from some source (such as another person)
Harried
troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances
Fastidious
very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail; hard to please
Transient, Ephemeral, Evanescent
Brief, lacking in permanence
Efficacious (adj) , Efficaciously(adv) , Efficacy (n)
effective; producing the desired outcome
Askance
with suspicion, distrust, or disapproval
Edifying
enlightening or uplifting so as to encourage intellectual or moral improvement; to instruct someone morally or spiritually
Slapdash
Carelessly and hastily put together
Unnerve
deprive of nerve or courage; cause to lose self-control; upset; enervate
Spendthrift
one who spends money wastefully
Underwrite
agree to finance; to support financially
Dog
To pursue relentlessly; to hound
Pine
To yearn for
Diabolical
To be extremely wicked like the devil
Dupe/Fleece/Mulct
To trick or swindle; a person who is easily tricked and swindled
Peruse
to read carefully; scrutinize
Voracious
very hungry; approaching an activity with gusto
Screed/Tirade
noun: an abusive rant (often tedious)
Joey had difficulty hanging out with his former best friend Perry, who, during his entire cup of coffee, enumerated all of the government’s deficiencies–only to break ranks and launch into some screed against big business.
Thoroughgoing
adjective: very thorough; complete
Synonyms : exhaustive , thorough
As a thoroughgoing bibliophile, one who had turned his house into a veritable library, he shocked his friends when he bought a Kindle.
Tender
to offer formally; proffer
Retiring
to be shy, and to be inclined to retract from company
Reprobate/Churlish (adj)
(n.) a depraved, vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel; (adj.) wicked, corrupt, or unprincipled; (v.) to disapprove of, condemn
Indignant
(adj.) filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean
Remiss
neglectful in performance of one’s duty, careless
Insolvent
(adj) unable to pay debts owed; bankrupt
Moment
significant and important value
Flush
to be in abundance
Exhort
(v.) to urge strongly, advise earnestly
Raft
large number of something
Start
to suddenly move in a particular direction
Virago
noun: an ill-tempered or violent woman
Synonyms : amazon
Poor Billy was the victim of the virago’s invective - she railed at him for a good 30-minutes about how he is the scum of the earth for speaking loudly on his cellphone in public.
Scintillating
describes someone who is brilliant and lively
Becoming
adjective: appropriate, and matches nicely
Synonyms : comely , comme il faut , decent , decorous , seemly
Her dress was becoming and made her look even more beautiful.
This word has other definitions but this is the most important one to study
Wax
(v.) - to increase gradually in size or degree
Ferret
to search for something persistently
Beatific
blissfully happy
Imponderable
Impossible to estimate, fathom or figure out
Stem
to hold back or limit the flow or growth of something
Paucity/Dearth
scarcity, lack of something
Cardinal
of foremost importance; fundamental
Checkered
marked by disreputable or unfortunate happenings
Pittance
a small amount of money
Cadaverous
pale, gaunt, resembling a corpse, emaciated
Errant
traveling, itinerant, peripatetic
Immaterial
Insignificant; unimportant; irrelevant
Fete
to celebrate a person
Respite
a period of relief or rest
Ascendancy
controlling influence; domination
Malady
a sickness, illness, disease, disorder
Consumate
having or revealing supreme mastery or skill; to make perfect and complete in every aspect
Discriminate
to differentiate; to make a clear distinction; to see the difference
Incessant
unceasing; never-ending
Raffish
adjective: marked by a carefree unconventionality or disreputableness
Synonyms : devil-may-care , rakish
The men found him raffish, but the women adored his smart clothes and casual attitude.
Plodding/Ponderous
slow-moving and unexciting; laborious and slow movement
Impermeable
does not allow fluids to pass through; (adj.) resistant to capture or penetration (Though the invaders used battering rams, catapults, and rain dances, the fortress proved impregnable and resisted all attacks.)
Appreciable
large enough to be noticed (usu. refers to an amount)
Inclement
stormy weather , harsh; severe in attitude or action; showing no mercy
Boon
a desirable state; very close and convivial
Quandary
a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation
Ingenuity
the quality of being clever, original, and inventive
Fledgling
beginner; novice; inexperienced
Cornucopia/Profusion
an abundant supply of
Hamstrung
verb: made ineffective or powerless
The FBI has made so many restrictions on the local police that they are absolutely hamstrung, unable to accomplish anything.
Egotist
a conceited and self-centered person
Derisive
abusing vocally; expressing contempt or ridicule
Vacuous
devoid of matter, substance, or meaning; lacking ideas or intelligence; purposeless
Rankle
gnaw into; make resentful or angry
Spurn
reject with contempt
Credence
belief in something
Urbane/Genteel
refined in manner or style
Irresolute
uncertain how to act or proceed
Martial
warlike; relating to the military
Buck
to resist
Destitute of
lacking, empty of, deficient in
Unseemly
(adj) improper, inappropriate, against the rules of taste or politeness
Placid
not easily upset or excited
Foible
(n.) a weak point, failing, minor flaw
Tout
to publicly praise or promote
Quip
a witty saying or remark; to make a witty remark, to say in jest
Connive
taking part in immoral and unethical plots
Aphoristic
adjective: something that is concise and instructive of a general truth or principle
Sometimes I can’t stand Nathan because he tries to impress everyone by being aphoristic, but he just states the obvious.
Devolve
deputize; pass or be passed to others (power, work, or property); Ex. devolve on/upon/to
Grow worse (devolve into)
Eke
verb: To live off meager resources, to scrape by
Stranded in a cabin over the winter, Terry was able to eke out an existence on canned food.
Exasperate
irritate intensely; infuriate
Evenhanded
adjective: without partiality
Teachers often have trouble being evenhanded to all of their varied students.
Hodgepodge
mixture of different kinds of things, jumble
Melancholy
a deep, pensive, and long-lasting sadness.
Antedate
precede in time
Begrudge
to give reluctantly, to envy a possession or one’s enjoyment
Flounder
behave awkwardly; have difficulties
Finagle
achieve something by means of trickery or devious methods
Industrious
adj. characterized by hard work and perseverance; working hard to promote an enterprise
Piquant (pee-kahnt)
having an agreeably pungent taste
Preempt
to take precedence over someone or something already arranged or in place; to seize priority; to take for oneself; arrogate
Humdrum
lacking excitement; boring or monotonous
Glean
to collect bit by bit; to gather with patient labor
Veneer
a thin superficial surface layer
Incumbent
(adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of
Foolhardy
marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences
Cerebral
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct
Behoove
be necessary for; be proper for as for moral or ethical considerations; be incumbent on; one’s duty or obligation
Amply
adverb: more than is adequate
Synonyms : fully
The boat was amply supplied for its year at sea - no man would go hungry or thirst.
Provisional
under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon; temporary; tentative
Creditable
praiseworthy
Abysmal
extremely bad; appalling
Stymie/Hamper/Frustrate
to hinder, impede
Boorish/Uncouth/Crass
vulgar; characterized by crude behavior and deplorable manners; unrefined
Beseige
harass, as with questions or requests; cause to feel distressed or worried
Staid
characterized by dignity and propriety
PERQUISITE (PUR kwuh zit)
A right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group: especially a hereditary or official right.
Vanquish
(v.) to defeat in a battle or contest, overthrow; to overcome a feeling or condition
Balk
to refuse stubbornly or abruptly; to stop short and refuse to proceed
Sordid
involving ignoble actions and motives; arousing moral distaste and contempt
Carping
persistently petty and unjustified criticism
Dispatch
To transact or dispose of a matter promptly or speedily; the property of being prompt and efficient
Factious
produced by, or characterized by internal dissension
Vie
(v.) to compete; to strive for victory or superiority
Contentious/ Fractious
quarrelsome, inclined to argue
Anathema
a detested person; the source of somebody’s hate
Beg
assume something is true (usu. followed by “the question”, meaning that you ask a question in which you assume something that hasn’t been proven true)
Chary
(adj.) extremely cautious, hesitant, or slow (to); reserved, diffident
Byzantine
excessively complex; intricate
Zeitgeist
the general spirit of the time
Hector/Cow
bully; intimidate with threats; bluster
Penurious
adj. poor, impoverished, destitute; miserly
Overweening
presumptuous; arrogant
Arrant
complete, utter
Defray
to help pay the cost of, either in part or full
Expansive
communicative, and prone to talking in a sociable manner
Turpitude
depravity, moral corruption
Insufferable
impossible to bear; intolerable
Saturnine
morose or gloomy
Feckless
lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible; lazy ; incompetent
Malfeasance
misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official
Peremptory
bossy and domineering
Histrionic
overly dramatic
Gerrymander
manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.
Imbroglio
a confusing and potentially embarrassing situation
Pollyannaish
adjective: extremely optimistic
even in the midst of a lousy sales quarter, Debbie remained Pollyannaish, never losing her shrill voice and wide smile, even when prospective customers hung up on her.
Sartorial
related to fashion or clothes
Hedge
to limit or qualify a statement; to avoid making a direct statement
Parvenu/Arriviste
noun: a person who has suddenly become wealthy, but not socially accepted as part of a higher class
Synonyms : arriviste , nouveau-riche , upstart
The theater was full of parvenus who each thought that they were surrounded by true aristocrats.
Blinkered
to have a limited outlook or understanding
Jejune
without interest; dull; childish/immature
Sangfroid (n)/Aplomb
calmness or poise in difficult situations
Fell
terribly evil
Juggernaut
a force that cannot be stopped
Protean
tending or able to change frequently or easily; able to do many different things; versatile
Pyrrhic
adjective: describing a victory that comes at such a great cost that the victory is not worthwhile
George W. Bush’s win in the 2000 election was in many ways a pyrrhic victory: the circumstances of his win alienated half of the U.S. population.
Factitious
artificial; produced artificially; sham; false; Ex. factitious tears
Picayune
adjective: trifling (insignificant) or petty (a person)
Synonyms : fiddling , footling , lilliputian , little , niggling , petty , piddling , piffling , trivial
English teachers are notorious for being picayune; however, the English language is so nuanced and sophisticated that often such teachers are not being contrary but are only adhering to the rules.
Tendentious/Partisan
both words describe strong and biased views on controversial issues
Arch
to be deliberately teasing
Remonstrate
plead in protest
Malapropism
the confusion of a word with another word that sounds similar
Schadenfreude
noun: joy from watching the suffering of others
From his warm apartment window, Stanley reveled in schadenfreude as he laughed at the figures below, huddled together in the arctic chill.
Execrate
to denounce as vile or evil; to curse; to detest
Quisling
noun: a traitor
Synonyms : collaborationist , collaborator
History looks unfavorably upon quislings; indeed they are accorded about the same fondness as Nero—he who watched his city burn down while playing the violin.
Juandiced
to be biased against due or envy or prejudice
Palimpsest
noun: something that has been changed numerous times but on which traces of former iterations can still be seen
The downtown was a palimpsest of the city’s checkered past: a new Starbucks had opened up next to an abandoned, shuttered building, and a freshly asphalted road was inches away from a pothole large enough to swallow a small dog.
Apotheosis
Exalted, perfect example, deification, or glorified; the highest point of development
Benighted
being in a state of intellectual darkness; ignorant; unenlightened
Venial
easily excused or forgiven; pardonable
Excoriate
to censure scathingly, to upbraid
Phantasmagorical
adjective: illusive; unreal
Synonyms : phantasmagoric , surreal , surrealistic
Those suffering from malaria fall into a feverish sleep, their world a whirligig of phantasmagoria; if they recover, they are unsure of what actually took place and what was simply a product of their febrile imaginations.
Mettlesome
filled with courage or valor
Provident/Improvident
preparing for the future; providing for the future; frugal/ not given careful consideration
Derelict
(n.) someone or something that is abandoned or neglected; (adj.) left abandoned; neglectful of duty
Hagiographic
adjective: excessively flattering toward someone’s life or work
Most accounts of Tiger Woods life were hagiographic, until, that is, his affairs made headlines.
Gaffe (gaff)/Solecism
a socially awkward or tactless act
Hail
enthusiastically acclaim or celebrate something
Portentous
of momentous or ominous significance
Litany
any long and tedious account of something
Illustrious
well known, respected, and admired for past achievements
Temerity
boldness
Prolixity/Prolix
boring verbosity
Vitriolic/Asperity
harsh or corrosive in tone
Quail
draw back, as with fear or pain
Grandiloquent
speaking or expressed in a lofty style, often to the point of being pompous or bombastic.
Punctilious
marked by precise accordance with details
Flummox
to confuse; to perplex
Moribund
being on the point of death; declining rapidly losing all momentum in progress
Anondyne
not likely to provoke dissent or offense; inoffensive; something that calms or soothes pain
Bowlderize
remove or change parts considered vulgar or immoral
Impute/Ascribe
attribute or credit (responsibility) to
Anemic
lacking vigor or energy
Enjoin
to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way
Maunder
to talk or move aimlessly
Approbatory
adjective: expressing praise or approval
Synonyms : affirmative , approbative , approving , plausive
Although it might not be her best work, Hunter’s new novel has received generally approbatory reviews.
Duplicity
deceitfulness, pretending to want one thing but interested in something else
Primacy
noun: the state of being first in importance
The primacy of Apple Computers is not guaranteed, as seen in the recent lawsuits and weak growth.
Artlessness
noun: the quality of innocence
Synonyms : ingenuousness , innocence , naturalness
I, personally, found the artlessness of her speech charming.
Pecuniary
having to do with money
Semblance
an outward or token appearance or form that is deliberately misleading
Recapitulation
the restatement of a main idea; a summary or concise review
Importune
beg persistently and urgently
Redoubtable
inspiring fear or awe
Unforthcoming
adjective: uncooperative, not willing to give up information
The teacher demanded to know who broke the window while he was out of the room, but the students understandably were unforthcoming.
Encumber
hold back
Firebrand
someone who deliberately creates trouble
Dispensation
an exemption from some rule or obligation
Inviolate / Invioable
must be kept sacred; sacred; of such a character that it must not be broken, injured, or profaned
Precipitate/Impetuous
act quickly; characterized by lack of thought
Unviable/Inviable
not able to work, survive, or succeed
Hubris
overbearing pride or presumption
Intimation
a hint, indirect suggestion
Decry
to express strong disapproval of
Untenable
(adj.) not capable of being held or defended; impossible to maintain
Corollary
natural consequence (which naturally follows from something else)
Rarefied
To make less dense; to thin; make more subtle or refined
Unflappable
not easily perturbed or excited or upset; marked by extreme calm and composure
Puissant (poo-a-sent)
powerful ;
I see in my mind a noble and ___ nation.
(Poo sent all other apps to hell by becoming so powerful)
Lacerate
deeply hurt the feelings of; distress
Unpropitious/Inauspicious
adjective: (of a circumstance) with little chance of success
With only a bottle of water and a sandwich, the hikers faced an unpropitious task: ascending a huge mountain that took most two days to climb.
Inmitable
impossible to imitate or copy
Denouement
the final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved; outcome of a complex sequence of events
Crystalize
to cause (something, such as an idea, belief, etc.) to become clear and fully formed [clarify]
Crestfallen
(adj.) discouraged, dejected, downcast
Syn.: despondent, disconsolate
Ant.: elated, cheerful, self-satisfied, cocky
Hobble
verb: to hold back the progress of something
Synonyms : gimp , hitch , limp
Bad weather has hobbled rescue efforts, making it difficult for crews to find bodies in the wreckage.
Recrimination
the act of accusing in return; a counter charge
Dovetail
to fit together with, so as to form a harmonious whole; interlock with
Presentiment/Baleful
a feeling of evil to come/foreshadowing evil
Immure
(v.) to enclose or confine within walls; to imprison; to seclude or isolate
Patent
glaringly obvious
Apposite
strikingly appropriate and relevant
Gambit
to take a risk for some advantage
Atavism
a reappearance of an earlier characteristic
Ineffable
unutterable, indescribable
Nettlesome
causing irritation or annoyance
Pith
the essential or central part
Epigram
a witty saying
Meteoric
(adj.) resembling a meteor in speed; having sudden and temporary brilliance similar to a meteor’s
Bristle
to react in an angry or offended manner
Appurtenant
adjective: supply added support
Synonyms : accessory , adjunct , adjuvant , ancillary , auxiliary
In hiking Mt. Everest, sherpas are appurtenant, helping climbers both carry gear and navigate treacherous paths.
Besotted
adjective: strongly affectionate towards
Even though her father did not approve, Juliet became besotted with the young Romeo.
adjective: very drunk
Synonyms : blind drunk , blotto , cockeyed , crocked , fuddled , loaded , pie-eyed , pissed , pixilated , plastered , slopped , sloshed , smashed , soaked , soused , sozzled , squiffy , stiff , tight , wet
Never before have I seen my mom so besotted, and honestly, I hope it’s the last time she drinks so much.
Brook
put up with something or somebody unpleasant
Percipient
adjective: highly perceptive
Synonyms : clear
Even the most percipient editor will make an occasional error when proofreading.
Inanity
total lack of meaning or ideas
Rapprochement
reconciliation; restoration of cordial relations, especially between two countries
Chimera
something desired or wished for but is only an illusion and impossible to achieve
Doleful
filled with or evoking sadness
Squelch
To silence or suppress; crush
Embryonic
in an early stage of development
Untrammeled
not deprived of freedom of action or expression; not restricted or hampered
Languish
(v.) to become weak, feeble, or dull; to droop; to be depressed or dispirited; to suffer neglect
Phlegmatic
showing little emotion
Solicitude
a feeling of excessive concern
Recrudescence/Recrudesce
a new outbreak after a period of abatement or inactivity
Reprisal
retaliation
Apothegm
a pithy instructive saying
Debonair
having a sophisticated charm
Broadside
noun: a strong verbal attack
Synonyms : bill , broadsheet , circular , flier , flyer , handbill , throwaway
Political broadsides are usually strongest in the weeks leading up to a national election.
Objurgate
express strong disapproval of ; to scold or reprimand
Exemplar
noun: something to be imitated
Lena’s homework is on the wall because it is an exemplar of clean, neat, and thoughtful work.
Deign
do something that one considers to be below one’s dignity
Philistine
(adj.) lacking in, hostile to, or smugly indifferent to cultural and artistic values or refinements; (n.) such a person
Unprepossessing
creating an unfavorable or neutral first impression
Conflate
mix together different elements or concepts
Afford
provide with an opportunity
Facile
(adj.) easily done or attained; superficial; ready, fluent; easily shown but not sincerely felt
Coterminous
adjective: being of equal extent or scope or duration
Synonyms : coextensive , conterminous
The border of the state is coterminous with geographic limits on travel; the east and north are surrounded by a nearly uncrossable river and the south by a desert.
Conflagration
a very intense and uncontrolled fire; an emotionally heated event
Desideratum
noun: something desired as a necessity
The desideratum of the environmental group is that motorists should rely on carpooling.
Internecine
(of conflict) within a group or organization
Palatable
(adj. ) acceptable to the taste or mind
(syn. ) toothsome, appetizing, tasty
Bromide
a trite or commonplace remark; a tiresome or boring person; a sedative
Unimpeachable
free of guilt; not subject to blame; beyond doubt or reproach
Vaunted
adjective: highly or widely praised or boasted about
For years, they had heard of New York City’s vaunted skyline, and when they finally saw it, the spectacular cityscape did not disappoint them in the least.
Discursive
rambling, lacking order
Ethereal
characterized by lightness and insubstantiality
Stultify
cause one, through routine, to lose energy and enthusiasm
I’m stultified by my job
Impugn
(v.) to call into question; to attack as false
Inequitable
unjust, not equitable or fair
Transmute
change or alter in form, appearance, or nature
Self-effacing
not drawing attention to oneself; modest
Proscribe
to prohibit
Enormity
(n.) the quality of exceeding all moral bounds; an exceedingly evil act; huge size, immensity
Doughty
brave and persistent
Assiduously
adverb: with care and persistence
The top college football program recruits new talent assiduously, only choosing those who were the top in their county.
Dessicated
uninteresting, lacking vitality; dried up; dehydrated
Obtuse
slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; lacking in insight or discernment
Unassailable
immune to attack; without flaws
Appropriate
to take possession of for one’s own use; confiscate; to allocate (appropriate funds)
Bridle
verb: the act of restraining power or action or limiting excess
Synonyms : check , curb
New curfew laws have bridled people’s tendency to go out at night.
verb: anger or take offense
The hostess bridled at the tactless dinner guests who insisted on eating before everybody had gotten their food.
Pontificate
speak in a pretentiously dignified or dogmatic way
Elegiac
Expressing sorrow or lamentation
Proselytize
to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause
Turgid
(adj.) swollen, bloated, filled to excess; overdecorated or excessive in language
Officious
meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority; offensive
Veritable
true; actual; genuine; real; authentic
Ineluctable (adj) , Ineluctably (adv) , Ineluctability (n)
Impossible to avoid or evade
Infelicitous
inappropriate
Countermand
(v.) to cancel or reverse one order or command with another that is contrary to the first
Catacalysm
An event resulting in great loss and misfortune
Bereft
adj. unhappy in love; suffering from unrequited love; sorrowful through loss or deprivation
Demonstrative
openly expressive of emotions
Simulacrum
noun: a representation of a person (especially in the form of sculpture)
Synonyms : effigy , image
The Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center showcases a simulacrum of all the present and approved buildings in the city of Shanghai.
noun: a bad imitation
The early days of computer graphics made real people into a simulacrum that now seems comical.
Eponym
a name derived from the name of person (real or imaginary) ;the person for whom something is named.
as the name of Alexandria is derived from the name of its founder: Alexander the Great
Palaver
prolonged and idle discussion
Graft
corruption, usually through bribery
Loath
unwilling to do something contrary to your custom (usually followed by ‘to’); reluctant
I was loath to…
Splenetic (spli-net-ik)
Irritable; bad-tempered; spiteful.
Origin: The word derives from spleen, the abdominal organ that the ancients regarded as the seat of emotions.
Ex: One way to drive Albie into a splenetic frenzy is to discuss income taxes with him.
Exiguity
the quality of being meager
Halcyon
Idyllically calm and peaceful; an untroubled golden time of satisfaction, happiness, and tranquility
Misattribute
verb: To erroneously attribute; to falsely ascribe; used especially of authorship.
I made a mistake; I misattributed “Crime and Punishment” to Leo Tolstoy when it was actually written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.
Dissolution
a living full of debauchery and indulgence in sensual pleasure
Bastardization
noun: an act that debases or corrupts
Synonyms : bastardisation
The movie World War Z is a complete bastardization of the book with little more in common than zombies and a title.
Versimilitude
the appearance of truth
Chauvinism / Jingoism
(n) fanatical patriotism or blind enthusiasm for military glory; undue or biased devotion to any group, cause, etc.;
Adjudicate
to act as judge in a matter; to settle through the use of a judge or legal tribunal; to arrive at a judgement or conclusion
Ebullient
joyously unrestrained
Obtain
be valid, applicable, true, or customary
Despot
a ruler with absolute power or tyrannical control over a group of people; cruel and oppressive leader
Dissemble
to present a false appearance; to disguise one’s real intentions or character
Pillory
to expose to public scorn or contempt
Modicum
a small amount of something
Dissipate
(v.) to cause to disappear; to scatter, dispel; to spend foolishly, squander; to be extravagant in pursuit of pleasure
Abrogate
revoke or relinquish formally; do away with
Ennui
(n.) weariness and dissatisfaction from lack of occupation or interest, boredom; apathy
Saprophytic
relationship in which an organism obtains its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter
Paltry
insignificant; petty; trivial; (of ab amount) small or meager
Perspicuous
clearly expressed; easy to understand
Fathomless
impossible to measure the depth of; bottomless.
impossible to understand; incomprehensible
Piddling/Trifling
amounting to very little; trifling; negligible
Vilipend/Denigrate
regard as worthless or of little value; despise.
speak slightingly or abusively of; vilify.
Diluvial
relating to a flood
Gratuitous
(adj.) freely given; not called for by circumstances, unwarranted
Vagrant
(n.) an idle wanderer, tramp; (adj.) wandering aimlessly
Preposterous
completely contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd; senseless; utterly foolish
Explicate
TO EXPLAIN; INTERPRET; CLARIFY
Edifice
1 a building, especially a large, imposing one.
2 a complex system of beliefs: the concepts on which the edifice of capitalism was built.
Bespoke
(of goods, especially clothing) made to order: a bespoke suit.
• (of a trader) creating made-to-order goods: bespoke tailors.
Effectuate
put into force or operation: school choice would effectuate a transfer of power from government to individuals.
Abrogate
to abolish
Transcendent
• surpassing the ordinary; exceptional: the conductor was described as a “transcendent genius.”
Tremulous/Timorous
fearful, hesitant
Celestial
heavenly
Allegorical
using characters+ events as symbols
Droll
adjective
curious or unusual in a way that provokes dry amusement: his unique brand of droll self-mockery.
noun archaic
a jester or entertainer; a buffoon.
Nebulous
vague
Conversant
adjective
familiar with or knowledgeable about something: many ladies are conversant with the merits of drill-eyed needles.
Fitfully
unpredictable; not regularly or continuously; intermittently: he slept fitfully.
Fleetly
fast and nimble in movement: a man of advancing years, but fleet of foot.
Concatenation
noun
a series of interconnected things or events: a singular concatenation of events unlikely to recur.
• the action of linking things together in a series.
Inculcation/Inculcate
instill (an attitude, idea, or habit) by persistent instruction: the failures of the churches to inculcate a sense of moral responsibility.
• teach (someone) an attitude, idea, or habit by persistent instruction: they will try to inculcate you with a respect for culture.
Emblematize
made into symbolic representation
Rancorous
characterized by bitterness or resentment: sixteen miserable months of rancorous disputes | a rancorous debate.
Brusque
abrupt or offhand in speech or manner: she could be brusque and impatient.
Perspicacity
the quality of having a ready insight into things; shrewdness: the perspicacity of her remarks.
Annals
historic records
Paroxysm parek-sizem
a sudden attack or violent expression of a particular emotion or activity: a paroxysm of weeping.
• Medicine a sudden recurrence or attack of a disease; a sudden worsening of symptoms.
Travails
noun (also travails) painful or laborious effort: advice for those who wish to save great sorrow and travail. • labor pains: a woman in travail. verb [ no obj. ] engage in painful or laborious effort. • (of a woman) be in labor.
Untrammeled
adjective
not deprived of freedom of action or expression; not restricted or hampered: a mind untrammeled by convention.
Integral
essentials
Dystopian
adjective
relating to or denoting an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one: the dystopian future of a society bereft of reason | the utopian dream that became a dystopian nightmare.
noun
a person who advocates or describes an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad: a lot of things those dystopians feared did not come true.
Coruscate
verb [ no obj. ] literary
(of light) flash or sparkle: the light was coruscating from the walls.
Argonomics
economics of land managment
Aver/Averred
state or assert to be the case: [ with clause ] : he averred that he was innocent of the allegations | [ with direct speech ] : “You’re the most beautiful girl in the world,” he averred.
• [ with obj. ] Law allege as a fact in support of a plea.
Misstate
make wrong or inaccurate statements about.
Innervate
supply (an organ or other body part) with nerves.
Amorphous
without a clearly defined shape or form: amorphous blue forms and straight black lines.
• vague; ill-organized; unclassifiable: make explicit the amorphous statements.
• (of a group of people or an organization) lacking a clear structure or focus: an amorphous and leaderless legislature.
Sanguinary
involving or causing much bloodshed; murderous
Poltroon
an utter coward
Impassiveness
apathy; not feeling or showing emotion: impassive passersby ignore the performers.
Parlous
full of danger or uncertainty; precarious; perilous : the parlous state of the economy.
Pertinacious
resolute or stubborn
Desultory
lacking consistency
Arresting
striking
Vitiate
spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of: development programs have been vitiated by the rise in population.
• destroy or impair the legal validity of.
Aghast
filled with horror or shock: when the news came out they were aghast.
Apportioned
divided/allocated
Roundly
emphatically; so thorough as to leave no doubt
Planned
reviewed negatively (used to refer to plays, moves, etc.)
Steward
conserve
Bald
overt: a bald lie
Imperious
not showing respect or reverence, especially for a god: the emperor’s impious attacks on the Church.
• (of a person or act) wicked: impious villains.
Puckish
being funny or playful, especially in a mischievous way: a puckish sense of humor.
Prurient
having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters: she’d been the subject of much prurient curiosity.
Lucre
monetary reward or gain: money
Effusive
unduly demonstrative: lacking reserve
Sentries
guards
Chary
cautiously or suspiciously reluctant to do something: most people are chary of allowing themselves to be photographed.
Coltish
playful; energetic but awkward in one’s movements or behavior.
Plaudits
praise
Vestigial
forming a very small remnant of something that was once much larger or more noticeable: he felt a vestigial flicker of anger from last night.
Dulcet
sweet + soothing
Skittish
(of an animal, especially of a horse) excitable or easily scared: a skittish chestnut mare | figurative : skittish investors withdrew their money from equity markets.
• (of a person) playfully frivolous or unpredictable: my skittish and immature mother.
Motley
adjective (motlier, motliest)
incongruously varied in appearance or character; disparate: a motley crew of discontents and zealots.
noun
1 [ usu. in sing. ] an incongruous mixture: a motley of interacting interest groups.
Putative
generally considered or reputed to be: the putative father of a boy of two.
Solemnity
the state or quality of being serious and dignified: his ashes were laid to rest with great solemnity.
• (usu. solemnities) a formal, dignified rite or ceremony: the ritual of the church was observed in all its solemnities.
Solicitousness
hovering attentiveness
Venal
capable of being bought or bribed
Pacific
calm, soothing
Blithe
showing a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper: a blithe disregard for the rules of the road.
• happy or joyous: a blithe seaside comedy.
Bon Mot ( Bon Mo)
witticism, quip
Sobriety
grave, serious
Hale
strong + healthy
Farcical
Laughable
Labile
unstable or moody
Inscrutable
difficult to understand or comprehend
Unseemly
disgraced
Prognosticate/Prognostication
to forecast or predict (something future) from present indications or signs
forecast/prediction
Extemporaneous
impromptu
Effete (eff-feet)
degenerate; worn out; sterile
Halcyon (hal-see-in)
calm, joyful
Whet
to make keen or eager; stimulate
Baying
yelling loudly
Heterodox
holding unorthodox doctrines or opinions
Decamp
to depart quickly, secretly, or unceremoniously (abruptly)
Malignity
desire to do evil
Tacit
understood or implied
Tetchy
Bad tempered and irritable
Futility
pointlessness or uselessness
Acuity
sharpness or keenness of thought, vision, or hearing: intellectual acuity | visual acuity.
Impertinence
lack of respect; rudeness: they gasped at the impertinence of the suggestion.
Curio
a rare, unusual, or intriguing object.
Unheralded
not previously announced, expected, or recognized.
Legerdemain
skillful use of one’s hands when performing conjuring tricks.
• deception; trickery.
Scion
a descendant of a notable family: he was the scion of a wealthy family.
Oviparous
egg-laying
Azure
Bright blue color
Bijoux
trinkets
Vestments
garments
Garish
obtrusively bright and showy; lurid: garish shirts in all sorts of colors.
Suffuse
gradually spread through or over: her cheeks were suffused with color | the first half of the poem is suffused with idealism.
Unilateral
one-sided
Procure
1 obtain (something), especially with care or effort
• obtain (someone) as a prostitute for another person: he was charged with procuring a minor.
2 [ with obj. and infinitive ] Law persuade or cause (someone) to do something: he procured his wife to sign the agreement.
Otiosity
indolence; laziness
Obduracy
stubbornness
Ululate
howl or wail as an expression of strong emotion, typically grief: women were ululating as the body was laid out.
Abrogate
1 repeal or do away with (a law, right, or formal agreement): a proposal to abrogate temporarily the right to strike.
2 evade (a responsibility or duty): we believe the board is abrogating its responsibilities to its shareholders.
Fugacious
tending to disappear; fleeting: she was acutely conscious of her fugacious youth.
Regnant
1 [ often postpositive ] reigning; ruling: a queen regnant.
2 currently having the greatest influence; dominant: the regnant belief.
Decry
Publicly denounce
Semiotic
the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation.
Fascist/Fascism
a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc. and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism
Vainglorious
inordinate pride in oneself or one’s achievements; excessive vanity.
Canny
having or showing shrewdness and good judgment, especially in money or business matters: canny shoppers came early for a bargain.
Proscribe
forbid, especially by law: strikes remained proscribed in the armed forces.
• denounce or condemn: certain practices that the Catholic Church proscribed, such as polygyny.
Sinuous
having many curves, bends, or turns (a sinuous path); characterized by a series of graceful curving motions(a sinuous dance); indirect/devious (sinuous questions)
Dialectical
relating to the logical discussion of ideas and opinions: dialectical ingenuity.
Penitential
relating to or expressing penitence or penance: penitential tears.
Blandishments
a flattering or pleasing statement or action used to persuade someone gently to do something: the blandishments of the travel brochure.
Strident
loud and harsh; grating: his voice had become increasingly sharp, almost strident.
• presenting a point of view, especially a controversial one, in an excessively and unpleasantly forceful way: public pronouncements on the crisis became less strident.
Misnomer
a wrong or inaccurate name or designation: “king crab” is a misnomer—these creatures are not crustaceans at all.
• a wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term: to call this “neighborhood policing” would be a misnomer.
Amity
Friendliness; a friendly relationship
Plaudits
Expressions of praise
Solace
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness: she sought solace in her religion.
Distension/Distend
swell or cause to swell by pressure from inside: [ no obj. ] : the abdomen distended rapidly | [ with obj. ] : air is introduced into the stomach to distend it.
physical swelling
Expatiate
speak or write at length or in detail: she expatiated on working-class novelists.
Stopgap
a temporary fix
Accede
assent or agree to a demand, request, or treaty: the authorities did not accede to the strikers’ demands.
assume an office or position: he acceded to the post of director in September.
Portmanteau
• [ as modifier ] consisting of or combining two or more aspects or qualities: a portmanteau movie composed of excerpts from his most famous films.
Circumlocution
the use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive: his admission came after years of circumlocution | he used a number of poetic circumlocutions.
Plangent
(of a sound) loud, reverberating, and often melancholy.
Recumbent
(especially of a person or human figure) lying down: recumbent statues.
Brood
informal: all of the children in a family: he was the youngest in a brood of six |
figurative : a remarkable brood of writers.
verb
1 [ no obj. ] think deeply about something that makes one unhappy: he brooded over his need to find a wife.
Allay
diminish or put at rest (fear, suspicion, or worry): the report attempted to educate the public and allay fears.
Expurgate
remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable from (a book or account): the expurgated Arabian Nights.
Extemporization
improvise: he extemporized at the piano | [ with obj. ] : she was extemporizing touching melodies.
Resplendent
attractive and impressive through being richly colorful or sumptuous: she was resplendent in a sea-green dress.
Woodeness
• stiff and awkward in movement or manner: she is one of the most wooden actresses of all time.
Braggadocio
boastful or arrogant behavior.
Plaintive
sounding sad and mournful: a plaintive cry.
Rankle/Rankling
(of a comment, event, or fact) cause annoyance or resentment that persists: the casual manner of his dismissal still rankles.
Nonpareil
having no match or equal; unrivaled: he is a nonpareil storyteller | [ postpositive ] : a film critic nonpareil.
Cynosure
a person or thing that is the center of attention or admiration: the Queen was the cynosure of all eyes.
Faustian
sacrificing spiritual values for power, knowledge or gain
Machiavellian
a person compared to Machiavelli for favoring expediency over morality.
Palpable
(of a feeling or atmosphere) so intense as to seem almost tangible: a palpable sense of loss.
Inveigh
speak or write about (something) with great hostility: nationalists inveighed against those who worked with the British.
Exult
show or feel elation or jubilation, especially as the result of a success: exulting in her escape, Annie closed the door behind her.
Quantum
very small amount; generally of energy
a required or allowed amount, especially an amount of money legally payable in damages.
• a share or portion: each man has only a quantum of compassion.
Vertiginous
causing vertigo, especially by being extremely high or steep: vertiginous drops to the valleys below.
Corporeal
of or relating to a person’s body, especially as opposed to their spirit: he was frank about his corporeal appetites.
Somatic
of or relating to the body, especially as distinct from the mind.
Aegis
the protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization: negotiations were conducted under the aegis of the UN.
Accession
the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power, typically that of monarch or president: the queen’s accession to the throne | lost the vote on the Fortas accession to the chief justiceship.
Expostulate
express strong disapproval or disagreement: I expostulated with him in vain.
Compunction
a feeling of guilt or moral scruple that follows the doing of something bad: spend the money without compunction.
Giddy
causing dizziness
Ingenuous
(of a person or action) innocent and unsuspecting. Free of dissumulation.
Espouse
to support
Spate
[ usu. in sing. ] a large number of similar things or events appearing or occurring in quick succession: a spate of attacks on travelers.
Jocund
cheerful and lighthearted: a jocund wedding party.
Condign
(of punishment or retribution) appropriate to the crime or wrongdoing; fitting and deserved.
Homonym
each of two or more words having the same spelling but different meanings and origins (e.g., pole1 and pole2); a homograph.
• each of two words having the same pronunciation but different meanings, origins, or spelling (e.g., to , too, and two); a homophone.
Syllogism
deductive reasoning
Metonym
a word, name, or expression used as a substitute for something else with which it is closely associated. For example, Washington is a metonym for the federal government of the US.
Portiere
a curtain hung over a door or doorway.
Tableau
a group of models or motionless figures representing a scene from a story or from history; a tableau vivant.
Hapless
luckless
Bravura
great technical skill and brilliance shown in a performance or activity: the recital ended with a blazing display of bravura | [ as modifier ] : a bravura performance.
Recidivist
a convicted criminal who reoffends, especially repeatedly.
Fastidious
very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail: he chooses his words with fastidious care.
• very concerned about matters of cleanliness: the child seemed fastidious about getting her fingers sticky or dirty.
Fleetly
fast and nimble in movement: a man of advancing years, but fleet of foot.
Neoteric
adjective
recent; new; modern: another effort by the White House to display its neoteric wizardry went awry.
noun
a modern person; a person who advocates new ideas.
Categorical
absolute
Extirpate
root out and destroy completely: the use of every legal measure to extirpate this horrible evil from the land.
surgically remove
Minatory
menacing; threatening
Cull
select from a large quantity; obtain from a variety of sources: anecdotes culled from Greek and Roman history.
illiberal
opposed to liberal principles; restricting freedom of thought or behavior: illiberal and anti-democratic policies.
Imbue
inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality: the entire performance was imbued with sparkle and elan.
Elan
energy, style, and enthusiasm: a rousing march, played with great elan.
Acreage
an area of land, typically when used for agricultural purposes, but not necessarily measured in acres: a 35% increase in net acreage.
Acute
(of a bad, difficult, or unwelcome situation or phenomenon) present or experienced to a severe or intense degree: an acute housing shortage | the problem is acute and getting worse.
• (of a disease or its symptoms) of short duration but typically severe: acute appendicitis. Often contrasted with chronic.
having or showing a perceptive understanding or insight: shrewd: an acute awareness of changing fashions.
• (of a physical sense or faculty) highly developed; keen: an acute sense of smell.
(of an angle) less than 90°.
- having a sharp end; pointed.
- (of a sound) high; shrill.
Agrarian
adjective
of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.
• relating to landed property.
• relating to a social system upon which agriculture is the sustaining foundation.
noun
a person who advocates a redistribution of landed property, especially as part of a social movement.
Annex
append or add as an extra or subordinate part, especially to a document: the first ten amendments were annexed to the Constitution in 1791 | (as adj. annexed) : the annexed diagram.
- add (territory) to one’s own territory by appropriation: the left bank of the Rhine was annexed by France in 1797.
- informal take for oneself; appropriate: it was bad enough that Richard should have annexed his girlfriend.
- archaic add or attach as a condition or consequence.
Balmy
1 (of the weather) pleasantly warm: the balmy days of late summer.
2 N. Amer. or dated extremely foolish; eccentric: this is a balmy decision.
• mad; crazy: I think he’s gone balmy again.
Bough
a main branch of a tree: apple boughs laden with blossom.
Dextrous
demonstrating neat skill, especially with the hands: dexterous accordion playing.
• mentally adroit; clever: power users are dexterous at using software, rather than creating it.
Environ
surround; enclose: the stone circle was environed by an expanse of peat soil.
Infinitesimal
adjective
extremely small: an infinitesimal pause.
noun
Mathematics
an indefinitely small quantity; a value approaching zero.
per capita
for each person; in relation to people taken individually: [ as adv. ] : the state had fewer banks per capita than elsewhere | [ as adj. ] : per capita spending.
Presage
verb [ with obj. ]
(of an event) be a sign or warning that (something, typically something bad) will happen: the outcome of the game presaged the coming year.
• archaic (of a person) predict: lands he could measure, terms and tides presage.
verb [ with obj. ]
(of an event) be a sign or warning that (something, typically something bad) will happen: the outcome of the game presaged the coming year.
• archaic (of a person) predict: lands he could measure, terms and tides presage.
Unilateral
adjective
1 (of an action or decision) performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of another or the others: unilateral nuclear disarmament.
2 relating to, occurring on, or affecting only one side of an organ or structure, or of the body.
Verge
noun
an edge or border: they came down to the verge of the lake.
• an extreme limit beyond which something specified will happen: I was on the verge of tears.
verge 2 |vərj|
noun
a wand or rod carried before a bishop or dean as an emblem of office.
verb [ no obj. ]
incline in a certain direction or toward a particular state: his style verged into the art nouveau school.
Acculturate/Acculturation
assimilate or cause to assimilate a different culture, typically the dominant one: [ no obj. ] : those who have acculturated to the US | [ with obj. ] : the next weeks were spent acculturating the field staff | (as adj. acculturated) : an acculturated Cherokee.
Adulatory
excessively praising or admiring: an adulatory review | the tone here is adulatory and uncritical.
Agglomerate
collect or form into a mass or group: [ with obj. ] : companies agglomerate multiple sites such as chains of stores | [ no obj. ] : these small particles soon agglomerate together.
noun |əˈɡlämərət|
a mass or collection of things: a multimedia agglomerate.
Aggrieved
feeling resentment at having been unfairly treated: they were aggrieved at the outcome | she did not see herself as the aggrieved party.
Akimbo
adverb
with hands on the hips and elbows turned outward: she stood with arms akimbo, frowning at the small boy.
• (of other limbs) flung out widely or haphazardly.
Albatross
any of several large, web-footed sea birds of the family Diomedeidae that have the ability to remain aloft for long periods.Compare wandering albatross.
a seemingly inescapable moral or emotional burden, as of guilt or responsibility.
something burdensome that impedes action or progress.
Aloft
adverb
high up; far above the ground.
Anomie
lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group: the theory that high-rise architecture leads to anomie in the residents.
Ape
verb [ with obj. ]
imitate the behavior or manner of (someone or something), especially in an absurd or unthinking way: new architecture can respect the old without aping its style.
Apocrypha
• (apocrypha)writings or reports not considered genuine.
Apologia
a formal written defense of one’s opinions or conduct: an apologia for book banning.
Apologist
a person who offers an argument in defense of something controversial: an enthusiastic apologist for fascism in the 1920s.
Aquiline
like an eagle.
• (of a person’s nose) hooked or curved like an eagle’s beak.
Bedlam
1 a scene of uproar and confusion: there was bedlam in the courtroom.
2 • archaic an institution for the care of mentally ill people.
belles-lettre/belletristic
literature regarded as a fine art, especially as having a purely aesthetic function.
light and elegant literature, especially that which is excessively refined, characterized by aestheticism, and minor in subject, substance, or scope.
Beseeched
ask (someone) urgently and fervently to do something; implore; entreat: [ with obj. and infinitive ] : they beseeched him to stay | [ with obj. ] : they earnestly beseeched his forgiveness | [ with obj. and direct speech ] : “You have got to believe me,” Gloria beseeched him | (as adj. beseeching) : a beseeching gaze.
Blunt
make or become less sharp: [ with obj. ] : wood can blunt your ax | [ no obj. ] : the edge may blunt very rapidly.
• [ with obj. ] weaken or reduce (something): their determination had been blunted.
Bonobo
a chimpanzee with a black face and black hair, found in the rain forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). Also called pygmy chimpanzee.
Brandish
wave or flourish (something, especially a weapon) as a threat or in anger or excitement.
Flourish
verb (used without object)
to be in a vigorous state; thrive:
to be in its or in one’s prime; be at the height of fame, excellence, influence, etc.
verb (used with object)
to brandish dramatically; gesticulate with:
a conductor flourishing his baton for the crescendo.
to decorate or embellish (writing, a page of script, etc.) with sweeping or fanciful curves or lines.
noun
an act or instance of brandishing.
an ostentatious display.
Gesticulate
to make or use gestures, especially in an animated or excited manner with or instead of speech.
verb (used with object), ges·tic·u·lat·ed, ges·tic·u·lat·ing.
to express by gesturing.
Buoyancy
1 the ability or tendency to float in water or air or some other fluid.
• the power of a liquid to keep something afloat.
2 an optimistic and cheerful disposition: the happiness and buoyancy of his nature.
3 a high level of activity in an economy or stock market: there is renewed buoyancy in the demand for steel.
Callous
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others: his callous comments about the murder made me shiver.
Calumnies/Calumny
the making of false and defamatory statements in order to damage someone’s reputation; slander.
• a false and slanderous statement.
Fealty
a feudal tenant’s or vassal’s sworn loyalty to a lord: they owed fealty to the Earl rather than the King.
• formal acknowledgment of this: a property for which she did fealty.
Sophistry
the use of fallacious arguments, especially with the intention of deceiving.
• a fallacious argument.
Robust
strong and healthy; vigorous: the Caplans are a robust, healthy lot.
- (of an object) sturdy in construction: a robust metal cabinet.
- (of a process, system, organization, etc.) able to withstand or overcome adverse conditions: California’s robust property market.
- uncompromising and forceful: the country’s decision to bow to UN pressure was preceded by a robust defense of its policies | he took quite a robust view of my case.
- (of wine or food) strong and rich in flavor or smell.
Supplant
supersede and replace: another discovery could supplant the original finding.
Jibe/Gibe
noun
an insulting or mocking remark; a taunt: a gibe at his old rivals.
verb [ no obj. ]
make insulting or mocking remarks; jeer: some cynics in the media might gibe.
Ingenue
an innocent or unsophisticated young woman.
Asceticism
severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons: acts of physical asceticism.
Stanchion
an upright bar, post, or frame forming a support or barrier.
• (in full cattle stanchion)a frame that holds the head of a cow in place, especially to facilitate milking.
Comestible
an item of food: a fridge groaning with comestibles.
adjective
edible: comestible plants.
Preternatural
beyond what is normal or natural: autumn had arrived with preternatural speed.
Earthy
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil: an earthy smell.
- (of a person) direct and uninhibited; hearty: the storefront is given over to a young, earthy crowd.
- (of humor) somewhat coarse or crude: their good-natured vulgarity and earthy humor.
Extrapolate
extend the application of (a method or conclusion, especially one based on statistics) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue or similar methods will be applicable: the results cannot be extrapolated to other patient groups | [ no obj. ] : it is always dangerous to extrapolate from a sample.
• estimate or conclude (something) by extrapolating: attempts to extrapolate likely human cancers from laboratory studies.
Heuristic
inciting/guiding discovery
enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves: a “hands-on” or interactive heuristic approach to learning.
Grizzled
having or streaked with gray hair: grizzled hair.
Hirsute
hairy: their hirsute chests.
Vitreous
like glass in appearance or physical properties.
• (of a substance) derived from or containing glass: the toilet and bidet are made of vitreous china.
Helmsmanship
the action or skill of steering a ship or boat: the principles that govern the helmsmanship of marine vessels |
figurative : his helmsmanship of the economic recovery.
Immolate
kill or offer as a sacrifice, especially by burning.
Contraindication
Medicine
(of a condition or circumstance) suggest or indicate that (a particular technique or drug) should not be used in the case in question.
Dispensation
exemption from a rule or usual requirement: although she was too young, she was given special dispensation to play two matches | they were given a dispensation to take most of the first week off.
• permission to be exempted from the laws or observances of a church: he received papal dispensation to hold a number of benefices.
Mimesis/Mimetic
imitation, in particular:
• representation or imitation of the real world in art and literature.
• the deliberate imitation of the behavior of one group of people by another as a factor in social change.
Mimicry
the action or art of imitating someone or something, typically in order to entertain or ridicule: the word was spoken with gently teasing mimicry | a playful mimicry of the techniques of realist writers.
Infallibility
the quality of being infallible; the inability to be wrong: his judgment became impaired by faith in his own infallibility.
Pretension
(pretension to) a claim or the assertion of a claim to something: their pretensions to culture | we cannot tolerate pretension to infallibility.
• (often pretensions) an aspiration or claim to a certain status or quality: another aging rocker with literary pretensions.
2 the use of affectation to impress; ostentatiousness: he spoke simply, without pretension.
Pique
noun
a feeling of irritation or resentment resulting from a slight, especially to one’s pride: he left in a fit of pique.
verb (piques |pēks| , piquing |ˈpēkiNG| , piqued |pēkt| )
1 [ with obj. ] stimulate (interest or curiosity): you have piqued my curiosity about the man.
2 (be piqued) feel irritated or resentful: she was piqued by his curtness.
3 (pique oneself) archaic pride oneself.
Rue
bitterly regret (something one has done or allowed to happen): Ferguson will rue the day he turned down that offer | she might live to rue this impetuous decision. noun archaic
repentance; regret: with rue my heart is laden.
• compassion; pity: tears of pitying rue.
Extirpate
root out and destroy completely: the use of every legal measure to extirpate this horrible evil from the land.
Rapier
a thin, light, sharp-pointed sword used for thrusting.
(especially of speech or intelligence) quick and incisive: rapier wit.
Retch
verb [ no obj. ]
make the sound and movement of vomiting.
• vomit.
noun
a movement or sound of vomiting.
Rout
1 a disorderly retreat of defeated troops: the retreat degenerated into a rout | the army was in a state of demoralization verging on rout.
• a decisive defeat: the party lost more than half their seats in the rout.
2 Law, dated an assembly of people who have made a move toward committing an illegal act that would constitute an offense of riot.
Wallop
verb (wallops, walloping, walloped) [ with obj. ]
strike or hit (someone or something) very hard: they walloped the back of his head with a stick | figurative : they were tired of getting walloped with income taxes.
• heavily defeat (an opponent).
noun
1 a heavy blow or punch.
Monastic
of or relating to monks, nuns, or others living under religious vows, or the buildings in which they live: a monastic order.
• resembling or suggestive of monks or their way of life, especially in being austere, solitary, or celibate: a monastic student bedroom.
Wag
a person who makes facetious jokes.
Boondoggle
noun
work or activity that is wasteful or pointless but gives the appearance of having value: writing off the cold fusion phenomenon as a boondoggle best buried in literature.
• a public project of questionable merit that typically involves political patronage and graft: they each drew $600,000 in the final months of the great boondoggle.
verb [ no obj. ]
waste money or time on unnecessary or questionable projects.
Dear
adverb
at a high cost: they buy property cheaply and sell dear.
Specter
a ghost.
• something widely feared as a possible unpleasant or dangerous occurrence: the specter of nuclear holocaust.
Plum
4 [ usu. as modifier ] informal a highly desirable attainment, accomplishment, or acquisition, typically a job: he landed a plum assistant producer’s job.
Touchstone
• a standard or criterion by which something is judged or recognized: they tend to regard grammar as the touchstone of all language performance.
Cornerstone
• an important quality or feature on which a particular thing depends or is based: a national minimum wage remained the cornerstone of policy.
Fatuous
silly and pointless: a fatuous comment.
Parable
a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.
Assent
noun
the expression of approval or agreement: a loud murmur of assent | he nodded assent.
• official agreement or sanction: the governor has power to withhold his assent from a bill.
verb [ no obj. ]
express approval or agreement, typically officially: Roosevelt assented to the agreement | [ with direct speech ] : “Guest house, then,” Frank assented cheerfully.
Ascent
a climb or walk to the summit of a mountain or hill: the first ascent of the Matterhorn | the routes of ascent can be retraced.
- an upward slope or path: the ascent grew steeper.
- [ in sing. ] a rise to an important position or a higher level: his ascent to power.
Abet/Abettor
encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular, to commit a crime or other offense: he was not guilty of murder but was guilty of aiding and abetting others.
• encourage or assist someone to commit (a crime): we are aiding and abetting this illegal traffic.
Vacuity
lack of thought or intelligence; empty-headedness: full of excitement, I listened to my first student sermon – only to be taken aback by its vacuity.
2 empty space; emptiness.
Modish/Modishness
conforming to or following what is currently popular and fashionable: it seems sad that such a scholar should feel compelled to use this modish jargon.
Balkanized
divide (a region or body) into smaller mutually hostile states or groups.
Patrician
an aristocrat or nobleman.
- N. Amer. a member of a long-established wealthy family.
- a member of a noble family or class in ancient Rome.
illiberal
opposed to liberal principles; restricting freedom of thought or behavior: illiberal and anti-democratic policies.
2 rare uncultured or unrefined.
3 rare not generous; mean.
Imbue
inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality: the entire performance was imbued with sparkle and elan.
immutable
unchanging over time or unable to be changed: an immutable fact.
Imperil
put at risk of being harmed, injured, or destroyed: white-band disease imperils coral reefs.
Impious
not showing respect or reverence, especially for a god: the emperor’s impious attacks on the Church.
• (of a person or act) wicked: impious villains.
Impotent
unable to take effective action; helpless or powerless: he was seized with an impotent anger.
2 (of a man) abnormally unable to achieve a sexual erection.
• (of a male animal) unable to copulate.
Copulate
have sexual intercourse
Impute
represent (something, especially something undesirable) as being done, caused, or possessed by someone; attribute: the crimes imputed to Richard.
- Finance assign (a value) to something by inference from the value of the products or processes to which it contributes: (as adj. imputed) : recovering the initial outlay plus imputed interest.
- Theology ascribe (righteousness, guilt, etc.) to someone by virtue of a similar quality in another: Christ’s righteousness has been imputed to us.
Indeterminate/Indeterminable
not exactly known, established, or defined: the date of manufacture is indeterminate.
- (of a judicial sentence) such that the convicted person’s conduct determines the date of release.
- Mathematics (of a quantity) having no definite or definable value.
- Medicine (of a condition) from which a diagnosis of the underlying cause cannot be made: indeterminate colitis.
Inquisitions
a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation: she relented in her determined inquisition and offered help.
- historical a judicial or official inquiry.
- the verdict or finding of an official inquiry.
Interlude
an intervening period of time: enjoying a lunchtime interlude.
Inundate
overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with: we’ve been inundated with complaints from listeners.
2 flood: the islands may be the first to be inundated as sea levels rise.
Inure to
1 [ with obj. ] (usu. be inured to) accustom (someone) to something, especially something unpleasant: these children have been inured to violence.
2 [ no obj. ] (inure for/to) Law come into operation; take effect: a release given to one of two joint contractors inures to the benefit of both.
Inveigle
persuade (someone) to do something by means of deception or flattery: we cannot inveigle him into putting pen to paper.
• (inveigle oneself or one’s way into) gain entrance to (a place) by persuading (someone) with deception or flattery.
Investiture
noun
the action of formally investing a person with honors or rank: the investiture of bishops.
• a ceremony at which honors or rank are formally conferred on a particular person.
Lackey
noun (pl. lackeys)
a servant, especially a liveried footman or manservant.
• derogatory a person who is obsequiously willing to obey or serve another person or group of people.
verb(also lacquey) (lackeys, lackeying, lackeyed) [ with obj. ] archaic
behave servilely to; wait upon as a lackey.
Lard
2 (usu. be larded with) embellish (talk or writing) with a variety of expressions: his conversation is larded with quotations from Coleridge.
• cover or fill thickly or excessively: the pages were larded with corrections and crossings-out.
Laurel
any of a number of shrubs and other plants with dark green glossy leaves
• honor or praise for an achievement: she has rightly won laurels for this brilliantly perceptive first novel.
look to one’s laurels
be careful not to lose one’s superior position to a rival.
rest on one’s laurels
be so satisfied with what one has already achieved that one makes no further effort.
Laxity
lack of strictness or care: the result of such fiscal laxity is a budget deficit | laxity of discipline.
2 looseness of a limb or muscle: over-stretching can result in joint laxity.
Leery
cautious or wary due to realistic suspicions: a city leery of gang violence.
Legume
• a seed, pod, or other edible part of a leguminous plant used as food.
Leimotif
a recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation.
Iiterarti
well-educated people who are interested in literature.
Maladjusted
failing or unable to cope with the demands of a normal social environment: maladjusted behavior.
Mead
an alcoholic liquor made by fermenting honey and water.
any of various nonalcoholic beverages.
Melange
a mixture; a medley: a mélange of tender vegetables and herbs.
Mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
• chiefly historical the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.
Metastasize
(of a cancer) spread to other sites in the body by metastasis: cancers that metastasize to the brain.
Mishmash
a confused mixture: a mishmash of outmoded ideas.
Modish
adjective often derogatory
conforming to or following what is currently popular and fashionable: it seems sad that such a scholar should feel compelled to use this modish jargon.
Monger
denoting a dealer or trader in a specified commodity: fishmonger | cheesemonger.
• a person who promotes a specified activity, situation, or feeling, especially one that is undesirable or discreditable: rumormonger | warmonger.
Monologue/Monological
a long speech by one actor in a play or movie, or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program.
• a long and typically tedious speech by one person during a conversation: Fred carried on with his monologue as if I hadn’t spoken.
Moderate (verb)
make or become less extreme, intense, rigorous, or violent: [ with obj. ] : I shall not moderate my criticism | (as adj. moderating) : his moderating influence in the army was now needed more than ever | [ no obj. ] : the weather has moderated considerably.
Mote
a tiny piece of a substance: the tiniest mote of dust.
Munitions
military weapons, ammunition, equipment, and stores: reserves of nuclear, chemical, and conventional munitions | [ as modifier ] : a munitions expert | munition factories.
verb [ with obj. ]
supply with munitions.
Mystic
a person who seeks by contemplation and self-surrender to obtain unity with or absorption into the Deity or the absolute, or who believes in the spiritual apprehension of truths that are beyond the intellect.
Nave
the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. In traditional Western churches it is rectangular, separated from the chancel by a step or rail, and from adjacent aisles by pillars.
Neanderthal
• an uncivilized, unintelligent, or uncouth person, especially a man: the stereotype of the mechanic as a macho Neanderthal.
Negate
deny the existence of (something): negating the political nature of education.
Nettled
irritate or annoy (someone): I was nettled by Alene’s tone of superiority.
Nose
2 [ no obj. ] investigate or pry into something: I was anxious to get inside and nose around her house | she’s always nosing into my business.
• [ with obj. ] detect by diligent searching.
3 [ no obj. ] (of a vehicle or its driver) make one’s way cautiously forward: he turned left and nosed into an empty parking space.
• (of a competitor) manage to achieve a winning or leading position, especially by a small margin: they nosed ahead by one point.
Nugatory
of no value or importance: a nugatory and pointless observation.
• useless; futile: the teacher shortages will render nugatory the hopes of implementing the new curriculum.
Ode
a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter.
• historical a poem meant to be sung.
Omissions
someone or something that has been left out or excluded: there are glaring omissions in the report.
- the action of excluding or leaving out someone or something: the omission of recent publications from his bibliography.
- a failure to do something, especially something that one has a moral or legal obligation to do: to pay compensation for a wrongful act or omission.
Omnipotent
(of a deity) having unlimited power; able to do anything.
• having ultimate power and influence: an omnipotent sovereign.
noun (the Omnipotent)
God.
Panned
1 informal criticize (someone or something) severely: the movie was panned by the critics.
2 wash gravel in a pan to separate out (gold): the old-timers panned gold | [ no obj. ] : prospectors panned for gold in the Yukon.
• (of gravel) yield gold.
Pander
verb [ no obj. ] (pander to)
gratify or indulge (an immoral or distasteful desire, need, or habit or a person with such a desire, etc.): newspapers are pandering to people’s baser instincts.
noun dated
a pimp.
• archaic a person who assists the baser urges or evil designs of others: the lowest panders of a venal press.
Pantheon
• a group of particularly respected, famous, or important people: the pantheon of the all-time greats.
Parcel
2 a quantity or amount of something, especially as dealt with in one commercial transaction: a parcel of shares.
• a piece of land, especially one considered as part of an estate.
Jaunty
having or expressing a lively, cheerful, and self-confident manner: there was no mistaking that jaunty walk.
Pert
1 (of a girl or young woman) attractively lively or cheeky: a pert Belgian actress.
• (of a young person or their speech or behavior) impudent: no need to be pert, miss.
• another term for peart.
2 (of a bodily feature or garment) attractive because neat and jaunty: she had a pert nose and deep blue eyes.
Pidgins
• [ as modifier ] denoting a simplified form of a language, especially as used by a nonnative speaker: we exchanged greetings, communicating in pidgin Spanish.
Piecemeal
adverb
piece by piece; one piece at a time; gradually:
to work piecemeal.
into pieces or fragments:
to tear a letter piecemeal.
Pitch
the steepness of a slope, especially of a roof.
• Climbing a section of a climb, especially a steep one.
Poultice
a soft, moist mass of material, typically of plant material or flour, applied to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation and kept in place with a cloth.
Prodgidy
a person, especially a young one, endowed with exceptional qualities or abilities: a Russian pianist who was a child prodigy in his day.
- an impressive or outstanding example of a particular quality: Germany seemed a prodigy of industrial discipline.
- an amazing or unusual thing, especially one out of the ordinary course of nature: omens and prodigies abound in Livy’s work.
Puritanical
adjective often derogatory
practicing or affecting strict religious or moral behavior.
Rail
complain or protest strongly and persistently about: he railed at human fickleness.
Referent
the thing that a word or phrase denotes or stands for: “the Morning Star” and “the Evening Star” have the same referent (the planet Venus).
Rife
adjective [ predic. ]
(especially of something undesirable or harmful) of common occurrence; widespread: male chauvinism was rife in medicine in those days.
• (rife with) full of: the streets were rife with rumor and fear.
adverb
in an unchecked or widespread manner: speculation ran rife that he was an arms dealer.
Salvo
a simultaneous discharge of artillery or other guns in a battle.
- a number of weapons released from one or more aircraft in quick succession.
- a sudden, vigorous, or aggressive act or series of acts: the pardons provoked a salvo of accusations.
Scotch
[ with obj. ] decisively put an end to: a spokesman has scotched the rumors.
• archaic render (something regarded as dangerous) temporarily harmless: feudal power in France was scotched, though far from killed.
2 [ with obj. ] wedge (someone or something) somewhere: he soon scotched himself against a wall.
Sectarian
adjective
denoting or concerning a sect or sects: ethnic and sectarian differences.
- (of an action) carried out on the grounds of membership of a sect, denomination, or other group: a sectarian attack.
- rigidly following the doctrines of a sect or other group.
noun
a member of a sect.
• a person who rigidly follows the doctrines of a sect or other group.
Seething
- [ with obj. ] archaic cook (food) by boiling it in a liquid: others were cut into joints and seethed in cauldrons made of the animal’s own skins.
- (of a person) be filled with intense but unexpressed anger: inwardly he was seething at the slight to his authority.
- (of a place) be crowded with people or things moving about in a rapid or hectic way: the entire cellar was seething with spiders | the village seethed with life.
Simony
the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices.
Slipstream
an assisting force regarded as drawing something along behind something else: when the U.S. economy booms, the rest of the world is pulled along in the slipstream.
Sophmoric
• pretentious or juvenile: sophomoric double entendres.
Spectroscopy
the branch of science concerned with the investigation and measurement of spectra produced when matter interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation.
Tat
tasteless or shoddy clothes, jewelry, or ornaments.
Teeming
abounding or swarming with something, as with people:
We elbowed our way through the teeming station.
prolific or fertile.
Titillate
stimulate or excite (someone), especially in a sexual way: these journalists are paid to titillate the public.
• archaic lightly touch; tickle.
Tony
fashionable among wealthy or stylish people: a tony restaurant.
Transmorgrify
to change in appearance or form, especially strangely or grotesquely; transform.
Wrack/Rack
verb [ with obj. ]
1 (also wrack)cause extreme physical or mental pain to; subject to extreme stress: he was racked with guilt.
• historical torture (someone) on the rack.
Termagant
a harsh-tempered, violent, turbulent or overbearing woman.
Gnostic
of or relating to knowledge, especially esoteric mystical knowledge.
Yen
desire or yearning
Frangible
delicate
Abecedarian
noun
a person who is learning the letters of the alphabet.
a beginner in any field of learning.
rudimentary; elementary; primary.
Canonize/Canonization
- regard as being above reproach or of great significance: we have canonized freedom of speech as an absolute value overriding all others.
- accept into the literary or artistic canon: [ as adj. ] : a familiar, canonized writer.
Catharsis
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
Chaff
• worthless things; trash.
Cauterize
burn the skin or flesh of (a wound) with a heated instrument or caustic substance, typically to stop bleeding or prevent the wound from becoming infected.
Clairvoyant
noun
a person who claims to have a supernatural ability to perceive events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact.
adjective
having or exhibiting an ability to perceive events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact: he didn’t tell me about it and I’m not clairvoyant.
Commando
a soldier or unit of soldiers specially trained to carry out raids.
Commentate
report on an event as it occurs, especially for a news or sports broadcast; provide a commentary.
Compatriot
a fellow citizen or national of a country: Stich defeated his compatriot Boris Becker in the quarterfinals.
Conglomerate
a number of different things or parts that are put or grouped together to form a whole but remain distinct entities: the Earth is a specialized conglomerate of organisms.
• a large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms: a media conglomerate.
Legislative
having the power to make laws: the country’s supreme legislative body.
• of or relating to laws or the making of them: legislative proposals. Often contrasted with executive.
Congress
a formal meeting or series of meetings for discussion between delegates, especially those from a political party or labor union or from within a particular discipline: an international congress of mathematicians.
the action of coming together
Consanguineous
relating to or denoting people descended from the same ancestor: consanguineous marriages.
Contravene
violate the prohibition or order of (a law, treaty, or code of conduct): this would contravene the rule against hearsay.
• conflict with (a right, principle, etc.), especially to its detriment: this contravened Washington’s commitment to its own proposal.
Couch In
1 (usu. be couched in) express (something) in language of a specified style: many false claims are couched in scientific jargon.
Covey
• a small group of people or things: coveys of actors rushed through the rooms.
Dame
1 (Dame)(in the UK) the title given to a woman equivalent to the rank of knight.
2 N. Amer. informal a woman.
Delimit
determine the limits or boundaries of: agreements delimiting fishing zones.
Dissolution
- disintegration; decomposition: the dissolution of the flesh.
- formal death.
2 debauched living; dissipation: an advanced state of dissolution.
Doyenne
a woman who is the most respected or prominent person in a particular field: she’s the doyenne of daytime TV.
Earmark
1 a characteristic or identifying feature: this car has all the earmarks of a classic.
2 US a congressional directive that funds should be spent on a specific project.
designate (something, typically funds or resources) for a particular purpose: the new money will be earmarked for cancer research.
Ecology
1 the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
Effete
(of a person) affected, overrefined, and ineffectual: effete trendies from art college.
• no longer capable of effective action: the authority of an effete aristocracy began to dwindle.
Entreaty
an earnest or humble request: the king turned a deaf ear to his entreaties.
Epoch
a period of time in history or a person’s life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics: the Victorian epoch.
Erstwhile
former: his erstwhile rivals.
Evanescent
pass out of sight, memory, or existence.
Flagrant
(of something considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive: his flagrant bad taste | a flagrant violation of the law.
Formalism
excessive adherence to prescribed forms: academic dryness and formalism.
- the use of forms of worship without regard to inner significance.
- the basing of ethics on the form of the moral law without regard to intention or consequences.
- concern or excessive concern with form and technique rather than content in artistic creation.
Forte
adverb& adjective
(especially as a direction) loud or loudly.
Fulmination
an expression of vehement protest: the fulminations of media moralists.
• a violent explosion or a flash like lightning.
Gadfly
a fly that bites livestock, especially a horsefly, warble fly, or botfly.
• an annoying person, especially one who provokes others into action by criticism.
Hamlet
a small settlement, generally one smaller than a village.
Hardy
robust; capable of enduring difficult conditions.
• (of a plant) able to survive outside during winter.
Hemorrhage
an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse.
• a damaging loss of valuable people or resources suffered by an organization, group, or country: a hemorrhage of highly qualified teachers.
Honorific
(of an office or position) given as a mark of respect, but having few or no duties.
• denoting a form of address showing high status, politeness, or respect: an honorific title for addressing women.
Honeycomb
fill with cavities or tunnels: whole hillsides were honeycombed with mines.
• infiltrate and undermine: their men honeycombed the army.
Ideologue
an adherent of an ideology, especially one who is uncompromising and dogmatic: a conservative ideologue.
Nugatory
of no real value; trifling; worthless
Runic
having some secret or mysterious meaning:
runic rhyme.
Equanimity
mental or emotional stability or composure, especially under tension or strain; calmness; equilibrium.
Theistic
belief in the existence of a god or gods (opposed to atheism).
Flagitious
shamefully wicked, as persons, actions, or times.
heinous or flagrant, as a crime; infamous.
Pleonasm/Pleonastic
the use of more words than are necessary to express an idea; redundancy.
an instance of this, as free gift or true fact.
a redundant word or expression.
Equanimity
Calmness; composure