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A2 Physics > Gravitational field > Flashcards

Gravitational field Flashcards

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1
Q

Gravitational force is always ________.

A

Gravitational force is always attractive

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2
Q

What is a force field?

A

A force field is a region in which a body experiences a force.

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3
Q

What object has gravitational fields?

A

only large mass have gravitational field that produce a significant effect.

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4
Q

what is a radial field?

A

The lines of force meet at the centre of the point mass

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5
Q

What does it mean when a field has high line density?

A

The higher a line density is, the stronger a gravitational field.

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6
Q

what happen to the field lines when it is close to earth’s surface?

A

the field is almost uniform - the field lines are almost parallel.

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7
Q

what does gravitational force depend on?

A

the masses and the distance between them

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8
Q

what is gravitational force?

A

F=Gm1m2/r^(2)

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9
Q

what is inverse square law?

A

F is proportional to 1/r^(2)

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10
Q

what happen to the force when the distance between two masses increases?

A

the force decreases

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11
Q

what happen to the force if the distance is double?

A

the force will be one quarter the strength of the original force

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12
Q

why the law of gravitation is an inverse square law?

A

because the gravitational field is radial

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13
Q

what is gravitational field strength?

A

g=F/m

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14
Q

what does gravitational field strength tell you?

A

it tells you how strong the force due to gravity is at any point in a gravitational field

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15
Q

what is the unit for g?

A

Nkg^(-1)

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16
Q

is g a vector quantity or scalar quantity?

A

vector and it always point towards the centre of mass of the object whose field you are describing.

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17
Q

what would you describe g at Earth’s surface?

A

it’s almost constant

18
Q

radial field

A

g=GM/r^(2)

19
Q

what is gravitational potential?

A

V=-GM/r

20
Q

what is the unit for gravitational potential?

A

Jkg^(-1)

21
Q

what does gravitational potential tell you?

A

gravitational potential is the gravitational potential energy that a unit mass would have

22
Q

why is gravitational potential negative?

A

Gravitational potential is negative at the surface of the mass and increases with the distance from the mass

23
Q

g=?

A
  • delta V/ delta r
24
Q

what is gravitational potential difference?

A

delta W = m delta V

25
Q

what does gravitational potential difference tell you?

A

it’s the energy needed to move a unit mass and it depends on the mass and the gravitational potential difference you move it through

26
Q

what is gravitational potential energy

A

Ep = mV = -GMm/r

27
Q

What does gravity act like to objects in orbit?

A

Gravity acts as the centripetal force that keeps objects in orbit around a much larger body

28
Q

What keep planets and satellites in orbit?

A

Gravitational force

29
Q

what is the speed of satellites?

A

V^(2)=GM/r

30
Q

what is the speed of satellites proportional to?

A

V is proportional to 1/r^(1/2)

31
Q

What is orbital period?

A

T= (4pi^(2)r^(3)/GM)^(1/2)

32
Q

what is the definition of orbital period?

A

the time taken for a satellite to make one orbit

33
Q

What is orbital period proportional to?

A

T is proportional to (r3)^(1/2)

The greater the radius, the slower it will travel and the longer it will take to complete one orbit

34
Q

When a satellite travels in a circular orbit, does the total energy change?

A

No, It remains constant

35
Q

what forms of energy does a satellite have when it is travelling?

A

potential energy and kinetic energy

36
Q

When a satellite travels in a circular orbit, does kinetic energy change?

A

No, It remains constant

37
Q

When a satellite travels in a circular orbit, does potential energy change?

A

No, It remains constant

38
Q

When a satellite travels in a elliptical orbit, does the total energy change?

A

No, It remains constant

39
Q

When a satellite travels in a elliptical orbit, would kinetic energy change?

A

Yes, it increases when the potential energy decreases. in other words, it speeds up as its height decreases

40
Q

When a satellite travels in a elliptical orbit, would potential energy change?

A

Yes, it increases when the kinetic energy decreases. It slower down as height increases.

41
Q

what is a geosynchrpnous satellite?

A

it’s a satellite orbits directly over the equator and it’s stationary relative to a certain point on the Earth

A2 Physics (8 decks)

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