Grasses Flashcards
Lolium perenne
Low-growing
• Slender, thick spikelets attach with
edge, with awns and anwless
• Flowering: second half of June
• Shiny leaves with high quality
• Using: in pastures, in lawns
Lolium perenne
Low-growing
• Slender, thick spikelets attach with
edge, with awns and anwless
• Flowering: second half of June
• Shiny leaves with high quality
• Using: in pastures, in lawns
Elymus repens
High-growing
• Spikelets attach flatwise, awns or awnless,
lemma is sharpening from top
• Flowering: June/July
• Leaves: thin, hairy, dullish green, in crushing,
they have a typical and intense „grass smell“
• Uses: weed in grasslands, varieties for lawn
Elymus repens
High-growing
• Spikelets attach flatwise, awns or awnless,
lemma is sharpening from top
• Flowering: June/July
• Leaves: thin, hairy, dullish green, in crushing,
they have a typical and intense „grass smell“
• Uses: weed in grasslands, varieties for lawn
Phleum pratense
High-growing ability, high quality forage
• Coarse and dense flowerhead, blunt (tömp) on
tip, panicle is in touching comparatively rough
• Leaves: wide, light-green or bluish with
membranous ligule
• Flowering: beginning of July, reproduction
with seeds
• Using: on pastures, meadows, lawns, lays
Phleum pratense
High-growing ability, high quality forage
• Coarse and dense flowerhead, blunt (tömp) on
tip, panicle is in touching comparatively rough
• Leaves: wide, light-green or bluish with
membranous ligule
• Flowering: beginning of July, reproduction
with seeds
• Using: on pastures, meadows, lawns, lays
Alopecurus pratensis
High-growing ability and high quality forage.
• Coarse and plunt (tömp) and dense
flowerhead; soft and smooth, angle awns give
the appearance of a fox’s tail.
• Flowering: middle or end of May
• Reproducing: with seeds and rhizomes.
• Using: for pastures and meadows
Alopecurus pratensis
High-growing ability and high quality forage.
• Coarse and plunt (tömp) and dense
flowerhead; soft and smooth, angle awns give
the appearance of a fox’s tail.
• Flowering: middle or end of May
• Reproducing: with seeds and rhizomes.
• Using: for pastures and meadows
Sesleria caerulea
Low-growing, indicator species for
calcareous soils.
• Panicle bluish, roundish, short
• Flowering time: middle or end of May
• Leaves: few narrow 2-4 mm leaves
• Using: only for ornamental use, natural dry
grasslands
Sesleria caerulea
Low-growing, indicator species for
calcareous soils.
• Panicle bluish, roundish, short
• Flowering time: middle or end of May
• Leaves: few narrow 2-4 mm leaves
• Using: only for ornamental use, natural dry
grasslands
Arrhenatherum elatius
Two flowers in spikelet with one long angled awn
• Flowering time: June-September
• Using: in meadows, in lawns
Arrhenatherum elatius
Two flowers in spikelet with one long angled awn
• Flowering time: June-September
• Using: in meadows, in lawns
Dactylis glomerata
High quality forage, forming low tufts.
• Spiklets have been united into rounded
dense sub-inflorescences (lobes). When
bending lobes they detach, stems and
vegetative tillers are flat
• Leaves: soft, till 60 cm long and 10 mm wide
• Flowering time: May/early June
• Using: in pastures, meadows, lawns.
• Reproducing: by seeds
Dactylis glomerata
High quality forage, forming low tufts.
• Spiklets have been united into rounded
dense sub-inflorescences (lobes). When
bending lobes they detach, stems and
vegetative tillers are flat
• Leaves: soft, till 60 cm long and 10 mm wide
• Flowering time: May/early June
• Using: in pastures, meadows, lawns.
• Reproducing: by seeds
Phalaris arundinacea L.
• Flowerhead is tight, similar to orchardgrass,
lobes do not detach
• Leaves: thin and wide (till 20mm) leaves
• Flowering time: Second half of June
• Using: in meadow, for energy (one of the
most productive), in ornamental purposes
• Reproducing: by seeds and by short rhizomes
Phalaris arundinacea L.
• Flowerhead is tight, similar to orchardgrass,
lobes do not detach
• Leaves: thin and wide (till 20mm) leaves
• Flowering time: Second half of June
• Using: in meadow, for energy (one of the
most productive), in ornamental purposes
• Reproducing: by seeds and by short rhizomes
Bromus inermis Leyss.
• Medium quality forage
• Long brownish rounded spikelets, awnless,
when top gets heavy, the branches shift over to
one side.
• Leaves: blades 20 to 38 cm long, 0.6 to 1.3 cm
wide, flat.
• Flowering time: End of June-beginning of July
• Reproducing: by seeds, by rhizomes.
• Using: for meadows
Bromus inermis Leyss.
• Medium quality forage
• Long brownish rounded spikelets, awnless,
when top gets heavy, the branches shift over to
one side.
• Leaves: blades 20 to 38 cm long, 0.6 to 1.3 cm
wide, flat.
• Flowering time: End of June-beginning of July
• Reproducing: by seeds, by rhizomes.
• Using: for meadows
Festuca Pratensis
High quality forage
* Awnless, panicle is slender.
* Leaves are shiny and thinny.
* Flowering time: end of June
* Reproducing: by seeds
* Using: in meadows, pastures, lawns, lays
Festuca Pratensis
High quality forage
* Awnless, panicle is slender.
* Leaves are shiny and thinny.
* Flowering time: end of June
* Reproducing: by seeds
* Using: in meadows, pastures, lawns, lays
Festuca arundinacea
- Medium quality forage, on of the most
productive species. - Large seedhead, awnless.
- Broader leaves are shiny and thicky, with
prominent and deep veins. - Flowering time: end of June – early July
- Reproducing: by seeds or short rhizomes
- Using: in meadows, pastures, lawns
Festuca arundinacea
- Medium quality forage, on of the most
productive species. - Large seedhead, awnless.
- Broader leaves are shiny and thicky, with
prominent and deep veins. - Flowering time: end of June – early July
- Reproducing: by seeds or short rhizomes
- Using: in meadows, pastures, lawns
Molinia caerulea
- Thin and short seedhead, bluish, only one
node close to the ground. - Leaves: coarse, green, taper to a point,
long, flat and sometimes slightly hairy on
top - Flowering time: July - September.
- Reproducing: by seeds
- Using: toxic, for ornamental purposes
Molinia caerulea
- Thin and short seedhead, bluish, only one
node close to the ground. - Leaves: coarse, green, taper to a point,
long, flat and sometimes slightly hairy on
top - Flowering time: July - September.
- Reproducing: by seeds
- Using: toxic, for ornamental purposes
Festuca rubra L.
- Low to medium quality forage
- With awns, old, dead basal leaf sheaths are
reddish brown. - Leaves: shiny and thicky with
prominent veins, rolled in the buds. - Flowering time: End of May - June.
- Reproducing: by seeds, by rhizomes.
- Using: in meadows, pastured, lawns,
ornamental purposes
Festuca rubra L.
- Low to medium quality forage
- With awns, old, dead basal leaf sheaths are
reddish brown. - Leaves: shiny and thicky with
prominent veins, rolled in the buds. - Flowering time: End of May - June.
- Reproducing: by seeds, by rhizomes.
- Using: in meadows, pastured, lawns,
ornamental purposes
Poa pratensis L.
- Medium quality forage
- Smooth stems at the bottom of
dense seedhead - Leaves: narrow and long leaves with fairly
prominent double mid-vein, folded in the bud
and boat-shape on the tip. - Flowering time: End of June - July.
- Using: pastures, meadows, lawns
Poa pratensis L.
- Medium quality forage
- Smooth stems at the bottom of
dense seedhead - Leaves: narrow and long leaves with fairly
prominent double mid-vein, folded in the bud
and boat-shape on the tip. - Flowering time: End of June - July.
- Using: pastures, meadows, lawns
Poa trivialis
- Medium to low quality forage
- Coarse stem at the bottom of seedhead
- Flowering time: End of June - July.
- Leaves: narrow and long leaves with fairly
prominent double mid-vein, folded in the bud
and boat-shape on the tip. Thinny and softer - Reproducing: by seeds
- Using: in pastures, lawns
Poa trivialis
- Medium to low quality forage
- Coarse stem at the bottom of seedhead
- Flowering time: End of June - July.
- Leaves: narrow and long leaves with fairly
prominent double mid-vein, folded in the bud
and boat-shape on the tip. Thinny and softer - Reproducing: by seeds
- Using: in pastures, lawns
Agrostis capillaris (tenuis)
- Spikelet with one flower, slender, tiny, stems
and inflorescence axes are very thin, bluish. - Fine leaves
- Flowering time: End of June - August.
- Reproducing: by seeds, rhizomes, stolones
- Using: in lawns
Agrostis capillaris (tenuis)
- Spikelet with one flower, slender, tiny, stems
and inflorescence axes are very thin, bluish. - Fine leaves
- Flowering time: End of June - August.
- Reproducing: by seeds, rhizomes, stolones
- Using: in lawns
Deschampsia caespitosa
- Bad quality forage
- Spikelets (1-3 flowers) are covered
with lumes; forms large dense tufts. - Leaves: rough-textured leaves with the
sharp edge of the page and deep veins. - Flowering time: End of June - July.
- Using: ornamental plants, lawns
Deschampsia caespitosa
- Bad quality forage
- Spikelets (1-3 flowers) are covered
with lumes; forms large dense tufts. - Leaves: rough-textured leaves with the
sharp edge of the page and deep veins. - Flowering time: End of June - July.
- Using: ornamental plants, lawns
Briza media L.
- Tiny, violett, flattened dense spikelets.
- Growing on neutral - alkaline soils
- Flowering time: May - September.
- Using: ornamental species.
Briza media L.
- Tiny, violett, flattened dense spikelets.
- Growing on neutral - alkaline soils
- Flowering time: May - September.
- Using: ornamental species.
