Graphs Flashcards
Identify this dosage form
Enumerate 2 types of this dosage form
Rectal enema
Retention enema
Evacuant enema
Mention this dosage form
use for…
Orodispersible film
for pediatric and geriatric patient population
Name the inhaling devices
Spinhaler
Discus
Mention the names
Nebulizer
Atomizer
Mention the rout of admin and dosage form
An advantage of this route is
Enumerate two drugs administered by this route.
Topical
transdermal patch
Prolong blood level with minimal fluctuation and avoid 1st pass effect
Nitroglycerine
Nicotine patch
1) receptors blockers
2) Passive mydriasis
3) due to mydriasis and cycloplegia
a) Stimulation of muscarinic receptor on the constrictor pupillae muscle
b) Ach/ pilocarpine/ physostigmine
c) Contraction –> accommodation
A) phenylephrine or ephedrine
B) a1-receptor, dilator papillae muscle
C) ocular blood vessels–> VC –> decongestion
Muscarinic receptors agonist M3 & Nicotinic receptors
Carbachol and all anticholinesterases
Decrease IOP due to opening of canal of Schlemm as a results of miosis and contraction ciliary muscle.
1) What could be the unknown?
2) Identify the site of action of the unknown
3) What is the type of antagonism in the curve?
Ganglion stimulant as NSD or LSD
Nicotinic Receptor
Depolarizing antagonism
Mention the site of action of the unknown
Give 2 examples for the unknown
Atropine is an example of a ……….. antagonist
Muscarinic receptors
Ach, carbachol
competitive
The unknown could be ……… or ……
Explain:
The muscarinic blocker, Atropine, could be block NSD effect
muscarinic agonist or nicotinic agonist
Nicotinic agonists mediate their effects indirectly through Muscarinic receptors
What is the site of action of the unknown?
Mention 2 examples for the unknown
What is the type of antagonism in the curve?
Beta-1 receptors
Adrenaline, isoprenaline
competitive
What is the site of action of the unknown
What kind of drug interaction exists between the unknown and cimetidine?
H2 receptor
competitive antagonism
What is the site of action of the unknown?
What is the type of antagonism
Mention other drug acting by another type of antagonism mechanism?
nicotinic agonist (NSD)
Competitive antagonism
Depolarizing GB (NLD)
Mention two examples of the unknown
Mention the site of action of the unknown
Mention 2 different types of antagonism in the curve?
Carbachol or pilocarpine
acts on muscarinic receptors
Competitive and depolarizing antagonism
What could be the unknown? Explain
What is the mechanism of action of mecamylamine?
Angiotensin II
Competitive nicotinic receptor blocker
What could be the unknown? Explain
If you want to replace both of phentolamine and propranolol by one drug you can administer
Adrenergic alpha and beta stimulants as Adrenaline
Labetalol
What is the site or action of the unknown?
What is the mechanism of the HYPER-tensive effect of the unknown drug in large dose?
Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
Stimulation of the nicotinic receptor –> release of adrenaline and noradrenaline –> stimulate alpha receptor —> VC
—> stimulate B receptors —> increase HR
The hypotensive effect of the unknown is through
Give 2 examples to the unknown
Action on B2 receptors
Salbutamol, isoprenaline
What is the site of action of the unknown?
What is the effect of the unknown on heart rate?
What could be the unknown if its hypertensive effect is reversed by phentolamine?
Alpha receptor agonist
Bradycardia
Alpha & beta agonist
What is the site of action of the unknown?
The unknown could be
What is the cause of the hypotensive effect of the unknown?
Alpha and beta receptors
adrenaline
Stimulation of un opposed beta receptors after block of alpha receptors
