graphing behaviour and measuring change

Question 1

what is a graph?

Answer 1

a visual representation of behaviour over time

Question 2

the x-axis of most behaviour modification graphs is a measurement of?

Answer 2

time, trails or sessions
- amount of time that has elapsed
- move right = more time

Question 3

it is easier to compare the level of behaviour…

Answer 3

before and after treatment rather than during

Question 4

what is the dependent variable in behaviour modification

Answer 4

target behaviour

Question 5

what is a phase line on a graph?

Answer 5

may or may not be included
a break between baseline before treatment, and then where the treatment started

Question 6

what is the independent variable in behaviour modification?

Answer 6

environmental events / treatment and demonstrate a change in the target behaviour
- you get this kind of reinforcement or punishment

Question 7

what is causality in behaviour modification?

Answer 7

our manipulations to the independent variable has caused the change in the dependent variable

Question 8

what variable are we trying to eliminate in behaviour modification experiments?

Answer 8

confounding variables

Question 9

what is an A-B design

Answer 9

one baseline and one treatment phase
- A = baseline
- B= treatment

Question 10

is an A-B design a true research design?

Answer 10

no! no replication

Question 11

does an A-B relationship demonstrate a functional relationship?

Answer 11

no!

Question 12

when is A-B design typically used?

Answer 12

clinical practice, self-management projects

Question 13

what can you not do in an A-B design?

Answer 13

a comparison! nothing to compare to

Question 14

what is an A-B-A-B reversal design

Answer 14

start with your baseline, and insert your treatment. then, cut off your treatment.

see if the patients behaviour goes back to how it was before the treatment, and then implement the treatment again

Question 15

what relationship does an A-B-A-B reversal design demonstrate

Answer 15

functional relationship

Question 16

what are the three divisions of multiple-baseline designs?

Answer 16

• subjects
• behaviours
• setting

Question 17

what is a multiple-baseline subject design?

Answer 17

2+ subjects with the same target behaviour

treatment is staggered over time and across subjects, so everyone has a bit of a different baseline point

Question 18

what is a multiple-baseline behaviour design?

Answer 18

2+ behaviours of same subject

treatment is staggered across behaviours

Question 19

what is a multiple-baseline setting design?

Answer 19

2+ settings with same subject and same target behaviour

Question 20

what is an alternating-treatment design?

Answer 20

back and forth between baseline and treatment, but on alternating days or sessions
- what does behaviour look like when treatment is present and not present, and are their behaviours consistent

Question 21

what is a changing-criterion design?

Answer 21

a baseline and treatment phase in which within the treatment phase, there is a sequential performance criteria that involves shaping (one standard accomplished, next step harder)