graphing behaviour and measuring change Flashcards
what is a graph?
a visual representation of behaviour over time
the x-axis of most behaviour modification graphs is a measurement of?
time, trails or sessions
- amount of time that has elapsed
- move right = more time
it is easier to compare the level of behaviour…
before and after treatment rather than during
what is the dependent variable in behaviour modification
target behaviour
what is a phase line on a graph?
may or may not be included
a break between baseline before treatment, and then where the treatment started
what is the independent variable in behaviour modification?
environmental events / treatment and demonstrate a change in the target behaviour
- you get this kind of reinforcement or punishment
what is causality in behaviour modification?
our manipulations to the independent variable has caused the change in the dependent variable
what variable are we trying to eliminate in behaviour modification experiments?
confounding variables
what is an A-B design
one baseline and one treatment phase
- A = baseline
- B= treatment
is an A-B design a true research design?
no! no replication
does an A-B relationship demonstrate a functional relationship?
no!
when is A-B design typically used?
clinical practice, self-management projects
what can you not do in an A-B design?
a comparison! nothing to compare to
what is an A-B-A-B reversal design
start with your baseline, and insert your treatment. then, cut off your treatment.
see if the patients behaviour goes back to how it was before the treatment, and then implement the treatment again
what relationship does an A-B-A-B reversal design demonstrate
functional relationship
what are the three divisions of multiple-baseline designs?
- subjects
- behaviours
- setting
what is a multiple-baseline subject design?
2+ subjects with the same target behaviour
treatment is staggered over time and across subjects, so everyone has a bit of a different baseline point
what is a multiple-baseline behaviour design?
2+ behaviours of same subject
treatment is staggered across behaviours
what is a multiple-baseline setting design?
2+ settings with same subject and same target behaviour
what is an alternating-treatment design?
back and forth between baseline and treatment, but on alternating days or sessions
- what does behaviour look like when treatment is present and not present, and are their behaviours consistent
what is a changing-criterion design?
a baseline and treatment phase in which within the treatment phase, there is a sequential performance criteria that involves shaping (one standard accomplished, next step harder)
