Graphics in Industry and Standards

Question 1

The Design Cycle:

Answer 1

identified needs > market research > specification > idea refinement > product design > production design > presentation of goods > orders/marketing

Question 2

the 3P’s:

Answer 2

1. Prelimenary graphics: rough drawings planning the product, show customers ideas
2. Production graphics: drawings with dimensions and scales showing the manufacturer how to make the product
3. Promotional graphics: flyers or leaflets showing detailed renders of the product to sell and attract customers

Question 3

Title Blocks include:

Answer 3

> name
> projection symbol
> drawing number
> title
> date
> original scale
> tolerances

Question 4

Scales:

Answer 4

reduction scales: 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000
enlargement scales: 2:1, 3:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1

Question 5

Lines - Continuous thick

Answer 5

visible outlines and edges

Question 6

Lines - Continuous thin

Answer 6

dimensioning, haching, projection and leader lines etc.

Question 7

Lines - Continuous thin irregular

Answer 7

limits of partial or interrupted view and sections if the limit is not an axis

Question 8

Lines - Continuous thin with straight zig zags

Answer 8

limits of partial or interrupted view and sections if the limit is not an axis

Question 9

Lines - Dashed thin

Answer 9

hidden outlines and edges

Question 10

Lines - Chain thin

Answer 10

centre lines, lines of symmetry, trajectories and pitch lines and pitch circles

Question 11

Lines - Chain thin thick at ends / changes direction

Answer 11

cutting planes

Question 12

Lines - double dashed chain thin

Answer 12

outlines and edges of adjacent parts, outlines and edges of alternative and extreme positions of movable parts, initial outlines prior to forming, bend lines on developed blanks or patterns

Question 13

Auxiliary views

Answer 13

view added to main view of product to impart more information about product. completely new elevations of product used to give true representations of features that cannot be achieved by orthographic

Question 14

Sectional Views - Local/Part sectional view

Answer 14

sectional view of specific part (ie screw) of a product

Question 15

Sectional Views - Half sectional view

Answer 15

sectional view from the axis of symmetry

Question 16

Sectional Views - Revolved Sectioal

Answer 16

showing the inside of a circular item

Question 17

Sectional Views - Removed Sections

Answer 17

removing a view from original part to see more clearly the section

Question 18

Partial / Interrupted Views

Answer 18

Partial Views:
showing a small part in more detail to improve clarity
interrupted views:
showing only the portions of a long or large object that are necessary to define it
drawn close to each other and break lines are used to define it

Question 19

Drawing symbols

Answer 19

Flat surface - X on surface
knurling - straight lines in centre of surface
diamond knurling - straight lines at 30 degrees to centre line
hatching - diagonal lines across surface to show cut surface

Question 20

Symbols and Abbreviations - (/) circle with line, M, NTS, R

Answer 20

> diameter
metric thread
not to scale
radius

Question 21

Dimensioning - General Principles

Answer 21

> no more than necessary
linear dimensions stated in mm
if other units used symbols must be shown
crossing of projection/leader lines avoided
dimensions should not be crossed by other lines in drawing

Question 22

Dimensioning - Parallel

Answer 22

> originate from a common reference feature

dimensions on top of each other, all starting at same place but ending at different points

Question 23

Dimensioning - Combined

Answer 23

> combination of parallel and chain

> used when space is limited or drawing is complex

Question 24

Dimensioning - Chain

Answer 24

> chain of dimensions
leads to accumulation of tolerances that affect function of part
(next dimension begins where last one ends)

Question 25

Dimensioning - Running

Answer 25

> Common origin

dimension shown at each stage

Question 26

Dimensioning - Chamfers

Answer 26

chamfers at 45 degrees shown: (width) x 45degrees

any other angle should be shown as a separate dimension

Question 27

Tolerances

Answer 27

not economic to throw away every part that does not fit
tolerances overcomes this problem
unless otherwise stated, tolerances are +-0,25 and +-0,30degrees`

Question 28

Tolerance methods

Answer 28

Common:
shows upper limit placed above lower limit
Symmetrical:
shows the normal size and the symmetrical tolerance band (e.g. 42+-0,15)
Asymmetrical:
shows nominal size plus upper and lower limits of tolerance band