Graphics Elements Les3

Question 1

An ___ is a spatial representation of an object, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional scene or another image.

Answer 1

image

Question 2

Often the images reflect the ___ of lights.

Answer 2

intensity

Question 3

Most photographs are called ___ because the method used to develop the photograph creates the illusion of perfect continuous tone throughout the image.

Answer 3

continuous-tone images

Question 4

Images stored and processed by computers, displayed on computer screens, are called ___ although they often look like continuous tone.

Answer 4

digital images

Question 5

digital images are represented by a matric of numeric values each represents a ___

Answer 5

quantized intensity

Question 6

The smallest element on a digital image is known as a ___— a picture element.

Answer 6

pixel

Question 7

A ___ consists of a (usually rectangular) matrix of pixels.

Answer 7

digital image

Question 8

The ___ of an image is the number of bits used to represent
each pixel

Answer 8

depth

Question 9

1-bit black-and-white image, also called ___

Answer 9

bitmap image

Question 10

__–bit can represent 16 colors, used in low resolution screens
(EGA/VGA)

Answer 10

4

Question 11

___can have 256 colors. The 256 color images are often
known as indexed color images. The values are actually
indexes to a table of many more different colors. For
example, Color 3 is mapped to (200, 10, 10).

Answer 11

8-bit

Question 12

___ 256 grey-levels. The image contains only brightness/intensity data without color information.

Answer 12

8-bit grey

Question 13

16-bit can have 65,536 colors, also known as ____ in Windows systems. The 16 bits are divided into5 bits for RED, 6 bits for
GREEN and 5 bits for BLUE

Answer 13

hi-color

Question 14

___ 224 = 16,777,216 colors, true color. Each byte is used to represent the intensity of a primary color, RED, GREEN and BLUE.

Answer 14

24-bit

Question 15

___- 232 = 4,294,967,296 (4G). Usually, 3 bytes are used to represent the three primary colors and the fourth byte is used as the alpha channel.

Answer 15

32-bit

Question 16

___ is the number of pixels in an image. 320 x 240 = 76800 pixels, 700 x 400 = 280000 pixels

Answer 16

Image resolution

Question 17

___- refers to number of dots per inch (dpi) on a monitor. Windows systems usually have 96dpi
resolution.

Answer 17

Display (Monitor) resolution

Question 18

____ refers to number of dots per inch (dpi) on a (hard copy) output device. Many printers have 300dpi or 600 dpi resolution. High-quality image setters can print at a range
between 1200dpi and 2400dpi, or higher. The above image printed on a 300dpi printer will be 0.96 x 0.72 inch

Answer 18

Output resolution

Question 19

Instead of using pixels, objects can be represented by their attributes, such as size, color, location, and so on. This type of graphics is known as ___.

Answer 19

vector graphics, or vector drawing

Question 20

A ___ file contains graphics primitives, for circles, lines. example, rectangles,

Answer 20

vector graphics

Question 21

___ was developed by Adobe as a page description language.

Answer 21

PostScript

Question 22

VRML stands for what

Answer 22

Virtual Reality Markup Language

Question 23

It is for describing a
scene in a virtual
world.

Answer 23

VRML VIrtual Reality Markup Language

Question 24

What does SVG stands for

Answer 24

Scalable Vector Graphics

Question 25

It is a language for describing two dimensional graphics in XML. It allows three types of graphic objects: vector graphic shapes, images and text.

Answer 25

SVG

Question 26

A bitmap contains an exact pixel-by pixel value of an image * A bitmap file is fixed in resolution * The file size of a bitmap is completely determined by the image resolution and its depth * A bitmap image is easier to render

Answer 26

Bitmap

Question 27

* a vector graphic contains mathematical description of objects * a vector graphic is resolution independent the file size of vector graphic depends on the number of graphic elements it contains * displaying a vector graphic usually involves a large amount of processing

Answer 27

Vector Graphics

Question 28

Is a vital component of multimedia,

Answer 28

Color

Question 29

___ is the frequency/wave-length of a light wave within the narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum (380 – 760nm) to which the human eye responds.

Answer 29

Color

Question 30

Color does even in the chain of events between the retinal receptors and the visual cortex, but only when the information is finally interpreted in the consciousness of the observer

Answer 30

Not Exist

Question 31

This is probably the most popular color model used in computer graphics. It is an ___ system in which varying amount of the three primary colors, red, green and blue, are added to black to produce new colors.

Answer 31

Additive

Question 32

___ is the wavelength of the light. ____ is often identified by the name of the color. It is measured as a location on the standard color wheel as a degree between 00 to 3600.

Answer 32

hue

Question 33

is the strength or purity of the color. It represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue and is measured as a percentage from 0%(gray) to 100%(fully saturated)

Answer 33

saturation

Question 34

____ is the relative lightness or darkness of the color. It is measured as a percentage from 0% (black) to 100% (white)

Answer 34

brightness

Question 35

This model is widely used in encoding color for use in television and video.

Answer 35

YUC Color Model

Question 36

oding color for use in television and video. The theory behind this model is that human perception is more sensitive to brightness than any chrominance information, so amore suitable coding distinguishes between luminance and chrominance. This also produces a system that is compatible with black-and-white TV systems.

Answer 36

YUV Color Model

Question 37

The ___ of a color system is the range of colors that can be displayed or printed. The spectrum of colors that can be viewed by human eye is wider than any method of reproducing color.

Answer 37

gamut

Question 38

A ____ is an index table to available colors in an indexed color system.

Answer 38

color palette

Question 39

Each program may have its own palette. It may replace the system palette with its own for the period it is active. This may cause an annoying flash of strange colors in your screen, known as ____. This is a serious problem in multimedia applications

Answer 39

Palette Flashing

Question 40

___is a technique to increase the number of colors to be perceived in an image. It is based on human eye’s capability for spatial integration that is, if you look at a number of closely placed small objects from a distance, they will look like merged together

Answer 40

Dithering

Question 41

___ is caused by the limited resolution of an output device. Aliasing makes edges seen as staircases.

Answer 41

Anti-Aliasing

Question 42

___ is a technique to reduce the staircase effect. It works by filling in pixels which should be half filled with different levels of gray or matching colors. The result is sharper edges, not blurring or smoothing them.

Answer 42

Anti-aliasing

Question 43

A ___ is stored in a file conforming to certain format. In addition to the pixel data, the file contains information to identify and decode the data:

Answer 43

digital image

Question 44

Some formats are defined to work only in certain ___ while other can be used for all platforms. Some formats are specific for an application. Some formats are for images, others are for vector graphics. Some formats allow compression, others contain only raw data.

Answer 44

platform

Question 45

What are the digital image processing

Answer 45

Image Analysis Image Recognition Image enchancement

Question 46

is concerned with techniques for extracting descriptions from images that are necessary for higher-level scene analysis methods

Answer 46

Image Analysis

Question 47

is concerned with the techniques for recovering information about objects in the image. A sub-area is character recognition

Answer 47

Image Recognition

Question 48

is concerned with the technique to improve the image and to correct some defects, such as, * color and tonal adjustment, * Transformations, e.g., scale, rotate, * Special effects, e.g., texture, stylize, blur, sharpen

Answer 48

Image enhancement

Question 49

What are some image and graphic s software

Answer 49

windows paint adobe photoshop metacreation painter corel photopaint paint shop pro the gimp

Question 50

Give some vector graphics tools

Answer 50

adobe illustrator corel draw

Question 51

many applications can open/import files in various formats and save/export to another format. Paint Shop Pro can understand files in a very large number of formats

Answer 51

Format conversion