Graphic Design, Fundamentals, Principles, and its History

Question 1

can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation

Answer 1

Graphic Design

Question 2

the art or profession of using design elements to convey information or create an effect

Answer 2

Design

Question 3

something that is created with imagination and skills and that is beautiful or that expresses important ideas or feelings

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Art

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the fundamental particle of graphic design

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Point

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a mark connecting two points

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Line

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anything that has a width and height and is a shape

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shape

Question 7

when a shape becomes 3d

it can be 3d and exist in the real world or they can be implied using techniques like light shadow and perspective to create the illusion of depth

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forms

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the physical quality of a surface

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texture

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refers to the distribution of visual weight in art

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balance

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sought to define the principles of perception these are innate mental laws that determine how we see images

Answer 10

gestalt or whole form

Question 11

create a focal point in a design composition

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emphasis

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is simply defined as difference.

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contrast

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the repeated use of particular elements a visual arts to create a pattern, movement, rhythm, or unity

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repetition

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helps deliver the message by controlling the viewers eye movement

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rhythm

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relates to the size of a design in relation to the height and width of an area in which it is placed

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proportion and scales

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this is referred to as the visual flow of your design

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movement

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unmarked space in the design

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white space or negative space

Question 18

what are the two types of white space

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micro and macro

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the space between the small elements like letters text lines paragraphs icons and buttons

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micro white space (passive)

Question 20

the space between bigger elements like text columns and graphics also refers to paddings and margins

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macro white space (active)

Question 21

among the world’s first known works of written communications

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cave art in Lascaux france

Question 22

originally based on the sumerian script and later adopted into a formal language around 3,200 bc

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ancient egyptian hieroglyphs

Question 23

like today’s new inventions during the mid to late 19th century change the way people lived or work

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middle ages and industrial revolution

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in 1454 this was invented by johannes gutenberg who was commissioned by the holy roman empire

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the printing press

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who wrote the gutenberg bible

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johannes gutenberg

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was the first book printed in western europe that intruded text reproduction to the masses

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gutenberg bible

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reflex values of the period which is clear class structures, sexual restraints, and the strict code of conduct

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victorian advertising

Question 28

who started american wood type posters

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darius wells

Question 29

started by darius wells who began making letter forms out of wood to solve problem where larger headline metal plates would break apart

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american wood type posters

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are typically fluid and flat

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art nouveau

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designs with less clutter started by lucian bernhard’s approach to strip away necessary items from a design

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german minimalism

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who started german minimalism

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lucian bernhard

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with new cost efficient printing technologies mass production of poster is became the primary tool for war propaganda

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world war i propaganda

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a movement where designers with radical new ideas were welcomed

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russian constructivism

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the most important influence in contemporary design

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the bauhaus

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who invented the bauhaus and when

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walter gropius in 1919

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designers were urged to speak to the masses in the least elitist way possible

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american modernism

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by 1934 the nazi propaganda machine used films books and graphic design to communicate its message and deducted many of the modernist ideas: simple messages, iconography, and strong forms.

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world war ii propaganda

Question 39

after the war the international style or swiss typography predominated european graphic design

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swiss typography

Question 40

when designer started making posters that followed style that was fluid and complex

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the fillmore movement