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D3 Take 2 > Grapevarieties > Flashcards

Grapevarieties Flashcards

1
Q

When does Merlot bud and ripen, and what does it mean?

A

Merlot buds early, making it vulnerable to spring frost. Merlot is mid ripening with the advantage of being picked before autumn rain.

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2
Q

What is Merlot susceptible to?

A

Coulure, drought and most botrytis bunch rot.

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3
Q

What is the typical berry size of Merlot?

A

Large.

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4
Q

In Bordeaux, Merlot has the benefit of what in cooler years?

A

Merlot can still ripen fully, in comparison to the later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon.

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5
Q

On what soil type is Merlot grown in Bordeaux?

A

Clay.

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6
Q

In the Bordeaux blend, what does Merlot contribute in intensity, tannins and alcohol level?

A

Medium to pronounced intensity, medium tannins, medium to high alcohol.

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7
Q

In a cool year, what aromas and flavours does Merlot contribute to the Bordeaux blend?

A

Medium to pronounced intensity of strawberry, red plum and herbaceous flavours.

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8
Q

In a warm vintage, what aromas and flavours does Merlot contribute to the Bordeaux blend?

A

Medium to pronounced intensity of cooked blackberry and black plum.

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9
Q

When is Cabernet Sauvignon budding and why is it important?

A

Late budding, gives some protection from spring frost.

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10
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon result in wines with high tannins. Why?

A

Small-berried, thick-skinned plus high tannin content.

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11
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon is prone to fungal diseases as well as trunk diseases. Which ones in particular?

A

Powdery mildew, Eutypa and Esca.

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12
Q

When does Cabernet Sauvignon ripen and what is at risk because of the timing?

A

Ripens late, vulnerable to autumn rains.

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13
Q

In what soil does Cabernet Sauvignon produce best fruit?

A

Warm, well-drained. Such as the gravel beds of Médoc.

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14
Q

What levels of alcohol, acidity and tannins does Cabernet Sauvignon contribute to the Bordeaux blend?

A

Medium alcohol, high acidity and high levels of tannin.

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15
Q

What intensity as well as aromas and flavours does Cabernet Sauvignon bring to the Bordeaux blend?

A

Pronounced intensity of violet, blackcurrant, black cherry and herbaceous/menthol.

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16
Q

When does Petit Verdot bud and ripen?

A

Bud early and ripens late.

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17
Q

Is Sémillon early, mid or late ripening?

A

Mid-ripening.

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18
Q

What rots are Sémillon susceptible to?

A

Botrytis bunch rot, and noble rot when under the right conditions.

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19
Q

What intensity, what flavours, body, alcohol and acidity does Sémillon have?

A

Low intensity of apple and lemon, medium body, medium alcohol, medium to medium(+) acidity.

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20
Q

If Sémillon is under ripe, what flavours can it bring?

A

Grassy flavours.

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21
Q

Sémillon is prized for its ageability, apple and lemon notes develop into what with time?

A

Toast and honeyed notes.

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22
Q

Does Sauvignon Blanc notes develop with time?

A

No, but they can hold for quite some time.

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23
Q

Muscadelle, a famous “third” component in blends from where? What does it bring to the blend?

A

White Bordeaux blends, mostly sweet but dry too. Brings flowery and grapey notes.

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24
Q

When does Chardonnay bud?

A

Early.

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25
Q

When is Chardonnay ripening?

A

Early.

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26
Q

When is Pinot Noir ripening?

A

Early

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27
Q

What diseases are Chardonnay prone to (4)?

A

Grey rot, powdery mildew, millerandage and grapevine yellows

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28
Q

Chardonnay can be grown in a wide range of soils and climates, resulting in a range of styles. But many of the top-quality examples are grown in what mix of soil?

A

Limestone/clay

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29
Q

When does Pinot Noir bud?

A

Early, susceptible to spring frost.

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30
Q

When does Pinot Noir ripen?

A

Early, suitable for cooler climates.

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31
Q

In contrast to Chardonnay, what must yields be held to produce quality grapes of Pinot Noir?

A

Low yields to produce quality fruit.

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32
Q

Pinot Noir is a delicate variety, prone to what diseases (6)?

A

Millerandage, downy mildew, powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot, fan leaf and leaf roll viruses.

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33
Q

In warm climates Pinot Noir can ripen too fast, when so what happens to the aromas.

A

The intensity is reduced.

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34
Q

The Dijon clones of both Chardonnay and Pinot Noir is now widely used all over the world. Where were they developed?

A

University of Burgundy in Dijon.

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35
Q

Budding and ripening for Gamay?

A

Early budding (spring frost) and early ripening (usually clear of autumn rains).

36
Q

Gamay is vulnerable to what in cold, damp and windy conditions?

A

Millerandage

37
Q

Is Gamay thick or thin skinned?

A

Gamay has vulnerable thin skin

38
Q

Does Gamay have high or low fertility?

A

High fertility.

39
Q

Gamay is a productive grape variety, what do you need to do to grow concentrated grapes?

A

Control yields, de-budding is one way.

40
Q

When does Riesling bud?

A

Late (some protection against spring frost)

41
Q

Length of growing season for Riesling to ripen?

A

Long

42
Q

Riesling can provide good quality up to relatively high yields. How high for example?

A

Up 70 hL/ha

43
Q

Riesling is resistant to what disease, and fairly resistant to two others?

A

Resistant to downy mildew and fairly resistant to powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot.

44
Q

When does Gewürztraminer bud?

A

Early budding (prone to spring frost)

45
Q

Is Gewürztraminer early or late ripening?

A

Early ripening (avoiding autumn rains)

46
Q

Gewürztraminer is vigorous, how can the grower deal with that?

A

By careful pruning and canopy management.

47
Q

Gewürztraminer is vigorous but only moderate productive, why is that?

A

Due to coulure.

48
Q

Budding and ripening for Pinot Gris?

A

Early budding and early ripening.

49
Q

Two diseases that Pinot Gris is susceptible to?

A

Downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot

50
Q

Pinot Gris can accumulate high sugar levels, what can that lead to?

A

Medium to high alcohol levels.

51
Q

Melon is a quite hardy variety, suitable for a cool region. But when does it bud, ripen and what yield volumes does it produce?

A

Buds early (bad for spring frost), ripens early (good for autumn rains) and can produce high yields.

52
Q

Melon has good resistance against one of the mildews, which one?

A

Powdery mildew

53
Q

Melon has tight bunches and is susceptible to two diseases, which ones?

A

Downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot.

54
Q

When does Chenin Blanc bud?

A

Early, vulnerable to spring frost.

55
Q

Is Chenin Blanc a vigorous variety or not? Can it carry high yields or not?

A

Yes, Chenin Blanc is vigorous and can carry high yields if allowed.

56
Q

What diseases are Chenin Blanc prone to?

A

Powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot and trunk diseases.

57
Q

When does Chenin Blanc ripen?

A

Late, prone to autumn rains.

58
Q

Why does Chenin Blanc have to be picked in several passes for high quality?

A

It ripens unevenly. This limits the use of machine harvest.

59
Q

When does Cabernet Franc bud and ripen?

A

Buds early is mid-ripening (usually ready to harvest before autumn rains)

60
Q

If Cabernet Franc isn’t enough ripe, what character can it take on?

A

It can taste excessively leafy.

61
Q

What yield reducing disease is Cabernet Franc prone to?

A

Coulure

62
Q

Why is Chenin Blanc suitable for botrytis affected sweet wines?

A

The natural high acidity of Chenin Blanc allows lusciously sweet wines to be balanced.

63
Q

Budding and ripening for Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Late budding (good with regards to spring frost), relatively early ripening (good with regards to autumn storms).

64
Q

Sauvignon Blanc is a vigorous grape variety. On what kind of soils does it do best?

A

Poor soils.

65
Q

What diseases are Sauvignon Blanc prone to?

A

Powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot, plus trunk diseases like Esca and Eutypa Dieback.

66
Q

Typical Tasting note for a cool region Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Pronounced intensity of grass, bell pepper and asparagus with gooseberry, grapefruit and wet stone. Medium body and alcohol, high acidity.

67
Q

Typical tasting note for Sauvignon Blanc from a warmer area?

A

Pronounced intensity of grass, bell pepper and asparagus with ripe passion fruit. Medium body and alcohol, high acidity.

68
Q

Row orientation is important for Sauvignon Blanc. Why?

A

Fruit grown in shadier conditions will result in more green grassy, bell pepper notes. Fruit with more sunlight will develop more tropical fruit.

69
Q

What two diseases (not counting Syrah decline) is Syrah susceptible to?

A

Mites and botrytis bunch rot.

70
Q

Syrah decline (or disorder), what happens to the vine if affected?

A

Leaves turn red and the graft point breaks up, the vine dies.

71
Q

Grenache noir thrives in what climate? Low or high yielding?

A

Grenache noir needs warm climate to ripen. High yielding.

72
Q

When does Grenache noir ripen? Why is this important?

A

Late, it can be affected by autumn rains.

73
Q

In what soil does Grenache noir do best? Is Grenache noir high or low in vigour? Due to it’s upright growth it’s often trained in what way?

A

Does best on dry, low fertility soils to control its vigour (very vigorous). Bush trained short to also control vigour.

74
Q

Grenache noir has good resistance to drought but is prone to what diseases (4)?

A

Coloure, powdery mildew, phomopsis, botrytis bunch rot.

75
Q

Grenache noir is prone to a bacterial disease that kills leaves, shoots and eventually the plant. What is it called and how do growers fight it?

A

Bacterial necrosis or bacterial blight. Fought by only planting disease free stock and avoiding contaminated pruning tools.

76
Q

What property does Grenache noir have that makes it very suitable for vin doux naturel but can be a problem in dry wines?

A

It accumulates high sugar levels very quickly.

77
Q

When does Mourvèdre bud and ripen?

A

Mourvèdre is late budding and late ripening.

78
Q

Mourvèdre thrives in warm and hot climates. When in the season is it extra important that the temperature is high. If not so, what can it lead to?

A

Mourvèdre needs high temperatures at the end of the growing season, if it doesn’t get it it will lead to under ripe grapes.

79
Q

Unlike Grenache noir Mourvèdre is not drought resistant. It requires small, but regular, amounts of water. What kind of soil can bring that?

A

Deep, calcareous soils that store water.

80
Q

Does Mourvèdre give high or low yields?

A

Low yielding only.

81
Q

What is Mourvèdre prone to (3)?

A

Mites, leafhoppers and sour rot.

82
Q

Is Mourvèdre prone to oxidation or reduction in the winery? What must be done to control it?

A

Mourvèdre is prone to reduction. The must needs adequate amounts of oxygen.

83
Q

In what kind of vessel is Mourvèdre typically aged in?

A

Old oak (adding a bit of cost)

84
Q

Cinsault - when does it bud and is it high or low yielding?

A

Late budding and high-yielding.

85
Q

Cinsault is high-yielding and has good drought and heat resistance. What has to be done to produce the highest quality?

A

Yields must be restricted.

86
Q

If cinsault is grown on soils with excessive lime it can suffer from what? What four other things is cinsault prone to?

A

If grown on excessive lime cinsault can suffer from chlorosis. It is prone to esca, eutypa, mites and grape moths.

87
Q

Budding and ripening for Carignan (Carignane)?

A

Late budding and late ripening

D3 Take 2 (21 decks)

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