Grapes and Viticulture Flashcards
The main grape species used for winemaking
Vitus Vinifera
Common term for grape subspecies
Variety
Term used for offspring created using typical reproduction of two varieties within the same species
Cross or Crossing
Term used for offspring created using typical reproduction of two varieties of two closely related, but different species
Hybrid
Term used for a subspecies of Vitus Vinifera
Variety
Term use for an asexually reproduced vine that has modified itself to be slightly different from its parent
Clone
Term used for an offspring that has developed different characteristics through imperfect reproduction of cells as it grows
Mutation
Term used for a vine’s branches when they are young and pliable
Canes
Age in which grapevine declines in vigor
20 years
Ideal degrees of latitude for viticulture
30-50 parallel
Minimum temperature required for budbreak
50 degrees F
Ideal weather conditions for flowering
warm and dry (rain and wind can hinder flowering)
Term used for the transition from flower to berry
Berry set or fruit set
Condition where many flowers do not develop into grapes
Shatter (Coulure)
Abnormal fruit set with many small, seedless berries
Millerandage
Ripening of grapes
Veraison
Typical time from budbreak to harvest
140-160 days
Process in which sunlight is used by the vine to create sugar
Photosynthesis
Process by which water evaporates through the leaves
Transpiration
Process by which sugars are broken down by the vine as energy
Respiration
Process by which materials are moved from one location of the plant or vine to another
Translocation
Average annual needs of water for a grapvine
20-30 inches
Bacterial disease of the glassy-winged sharpshooter
Pierce’s Disease
Fungal disease known as odium
Powdery Mildew
Fungal disease known as Peronospera
Downy Mildew
Type of vine where there is no trellis system
Head training or bush trained vines
Type of vine training where vines are by a tall trained
by a tall support
Pergola
Type of cane-pruned vine training system using one cane from each vine
Guyot system
Type of spur-trained vine system with branches of each vine trained along a wire
Cordon
VSP
Vertical Shoot Positioning
Unit of value for ripeness in grapes in the US
Brix or 5/9 (55%) of sugar level to ABV
Unit of value for ripeness in grapes in Germany
Oechsle (density-1.000)x 1000
Unit of value for ripeness of grapes in France
Beaume
Unit of value for ripeness of grapes in Austria
Klosterneuburger Mostwaage (KMW)
A pest that feeds on roots of shallow-rooted vines that transmit diseases and eventually kills the vine
Nematode
Budbreak continues at what temperature F?
50 degrees F
Flowering takes place how many days after budbreak?
40-80 days
Date of harvest from veraison?
Approximately 20 months
Time period between bud break and harvest
140-160 days average- as little as 110, as many as 200.
