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Grape Varieties > Grape Variety - Country > Flashcards

Grape Variety - Country Flashcards

1
Q

Negroamaro

A

Italy, Salento
Salice Salento DOC

High yielding, good resistance to disease and drought, ability to retain acidity.

7-10 days on skins, matured on stainless steel or oak (half year)

Black plum + cherry fruit, med-high alc, med acidity, med (+) tannin.

Rosato: populair local summer drink

Top producers: Agricola Vallone and Leone de Castris

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2
Q

Nero di Troia

A

Italy, central and middle parts of Puglia
Castel del Monte DOC: Max yield 91
DOCG for riserva 70 hl/ha + 2 years in oak.

Also called Uva di Troia

Late ripening, prone to downy mildew. Unlike Primitivo and Negroamora it needs a long season to ripen fully. Bunches ripen at different times.

Med intense red cherry/current, black pepper, high fine grained tannin, med (+) acidity.

Top producers: Rivera and Torrevento

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3
Q

Teroldego

A

Italy, Trentino
Teroldego Rotaliano DOC

Most planted black variety. Can not be labeled as Trentino DOC but is labeled as Vini delle Dolomiti IGT (includes wines from Trentino and Alto-Adige)

High yielding, drying out of stems.

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4
Q

Marzemino

A

Italy, Trentino
Ziresi subzone of Trentino DOC
(Full sunshine and rich calk/clay/basalt soils.

Black variety prone to botrytis and powdery mildew,

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5
Q

Lagrein

A

Italy, Trentino

Needs warmth and plenty sunshine. Bitterness and harshness is addressed by shorter maceration and oak. Deep colored.

Subject to poor fruitset and thus low yield.

Rose: Lagrein rosato/kretzer
Rood: Lagrein rubino/dunkel

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6
Q

Moscato Rosa

A

Italy, Trentino

Member of Mosacto family; rose-scented sweet wines. By appassimento or late picking.

Poor fruit set, botrytis makes it hard to grown, premium priced.

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7
Q

Nosiola

A

Italy, Trentino
Valley of lakes; warmest area with sub-continental climate.

Small volume distinctive white wines with hazelnut flavor (from fruit not oak)

Semi dried version: Vino Santo (not Vin Santo)

Vulnerable to spring frost, powdery mildew and sour rot.

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8
Q

Schiava

A

Italy, Trentino / Alto-Adige

Vernatsch in Germany

4 different varieties Vinicius together.
High vigour - typically on pergola.

Pale ruby, perfumed violet and straw, med/light body and low tannin.

In Santa Magdalena DOC schaving can be blended with Lagrein producing a deeper color/ fuller body wine

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9
Q

What are the top 6 varieties is Trentino

A 
Pinot Grigio
Chardonnay
Muller Thurgau
Teroldego
Merlot
Marzemino
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10
Q

What are the top 8 varieties in Alto Adige

A 
Schiava
Pinot Grigio 
Gewurztraminer 
Pinot Blanc
Chardonnay 
Lagrein
Pinot noir
Sauvignon Blanc
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11
Q

Ribolla Gialla

A

Italy, Friuli

White

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12
Q

Malvasia di Istria

A

Italy, Friuli

White

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13
Q

Verduzzo

A

Italy, Friuli

White

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14
Q

Picolit

A

Italy, Friuli

White

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15
Q

Refosco

A

Italy, Friuli

Red

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16
Q

Schiopettino

A

Italy, Friuli

Red

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17
Q

Pignolo

A

Italy, Friuli

Red

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18
Q

Tazzalenghe

A

Italy, Friuli

Red

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19
Q

Friulano (Formerly known as: Tocai Friulano)

A

Italy, Friuli

Good disease resistant (high rainfall), med - floral and apple notes, med/high alcohol, med acidity. RVS or lightly oaked, capability to age.

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20
Q

Ribolla Gialla

A

Italy, Collio and colli Orientali

Hillsides prevent it from too vigorous growth. Prone to shot berries.

Citrus + pepper notes, high acidity, lots of experiments are done: oaked, charmat, dry- off dry, orange, amphora

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21
Q

Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso

A

Italy, Friuli

Most planted black local variety.

Vigorous, hillside, low fertile soils, late ripening, resistant to botrytis.

Red cherry, herbal, small berries, high tannin which are best smoothed out by time in barrel.

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22
Q

Garganega

A

Italy, Veneto, Soave

Vigorous, very productive and late ripening (October)

Sensitive to winter cold, mildew, botrytis.
High acidity, med body, med intense; apple/pear, white pepper. With age: almonds and honey.

Also made with appasimento

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23
Q

Corvina Veronese

A

Italy, Veneto, Valpolicella

Vigorous and dependable producing high yield. Thick skin makes it suitable for appassimento.
Prone to downy, esca, botrytis and drought, mid - late ripening.

Well suited to pergola, first buds to not fruit and shade prevents for sunburn.

Most blended; adds violet, red cherry/plum, low tannin, high acidity.

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24
Q

Corvinone

A

Italy, Veneto, Valpolicella

Not related to Corvina!!

Big clusters of grapes, prone to downy, does not ripe evenly

In blend; supplies the tannin Corvina does not have, red cherry.

Dries well: appassimento

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25
Q

Rondinella

A

Italy, Veneto, Valpolicella

Reliable and productive, good disease resistant but prone to esca.

Neutral with light simple cherry fruit
Accumulates sugar very fast so useful for Recioto

26
Q

Molinara

A

Italy, Veneto, Valpolicella

High yielding, pale color, contributes acidity, red berries fruit and lightless

Planted less due to demand for deep computed wines.

27
Q

What are de 4 varieties for Valpolicella

A

Corvina Veronese
Corvinone
Rondinella
Molinara

28
Q

Cortese

A

Italy, Piedmonte, Gavi di Gavi
Cortese di Gavi DOCG

High yielding, light intense, lemon, apple/pear, white flowers, high acidity and med body.

Tin skinned, botrytis, RVS, med range fermi,

29
Q

Arneis

A

Italy, Piedmonte, Roero
Roero Arneis DOCG 95% Arneis, 70 hl/ha.

Light but complex aromas of white flowers, chamomile, white peach and lemon. Med - acidity. Acidity drops quick when ripe, prone to oxidation.

Best producers: Vietti

30
Q

Canaiolo Nero

A

Italy, Toscane, Chianti

Used to be most popular, now only blending partner.

Promote floral and red berry character of Sangiovese.

31
Q

What are the 2 well known white varieties of Marche?

A

Verdicchio: needs space, late ripening.
Pale lemon, med - intense, blossom, apple, fennel, almond notes, bitter, high acidity and med body. Can age

Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio DOC
Verdicchio di Matelica DOC
Fuller body, more acidity, in foot of Apennines.

Pecorino: long training, ripens early, high alcohol, low productivity. Herbal notes, crisp apple and pear med body.

Offida Pecorino DOCG

32
Q

Passerina

A

Italy, Marche and Abruzzo
Offida Passerina DOCG

Good disease resistance and high production, ripens later then Pecorino. Natural high acidity, but can quickly loose when ripe. Ripe lemon and yellow apple.
Can be sold as Marche IGT

33
Q

Biancame

A

Italy, Marche

Local variety making fresh and crisp white wines for local consumption.

34
Q

Montepulciano (two contrasting styles)

A

Italy, Marche

Key red grape often bended with Sangiovese.
Resistant to downy and botrytis but is susceptible to powdery mildew. Needs long ripening period (avoid bitternes) and ripens unevenly.

Two contrasting styles:

  • Short maceration; ripe, med intense red cherry fruit, no oak, med body + tannin
  • Long maceration + aging in oak; med = to pronounced cherry and plum, oak, med = tannin.
35
Q

Grechetto di Orvieto

A

Italy, Umbria

Orvieto DOC; 60% Trebiano and or Orvieto.

White, thick-skinned variety, resistance to fungal.
Low to med intense lemon, white flower, high acidity and med body

36
Q

Sagrantino

A

Italy, Umbria

Need full sunshine and heat to ripen and is moderately productive. Hills sites 220-470 m for best sunlight and good drainage.

Very tannic, deep ruby color med + to pronounced blackberry and red plum, high acidity and high tannin, require long aging to soften out.

37
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Candia

A

Italy, Lazio

High yield, good resistance. Prone to oxidation.

Med - intense lemon/apple, med alcohol and med + acidity and light body.

Plantings decreases since 1990’s

38
Q

Malvasia del Lazio

A

Italy, Lazio

Cross between Muscat of Alexandria and a local variety.

Grapes and peach flavors, acidity drops quickly.

Used to be planted a lot but replaced by Malvasia Bianco di Candida and Trebbiano due to lower yields/disease resistance.

39
Q

Cesanese

A

Italy, Lazio
Cesanese di Piglio DOCG

Black, semi-aromatic, very late ripening and yelling but with quality potential. Prone to powdery mildew.

Pronounced aroma’s of red cherry and rose-petal scented fruit, med tannin/ acidity and high alcohol.

40
Q

Trebbiano Abruzzese

A

Italy, Abruzzo

Its relationship to the other Trebbiano, if any, is not confirmed.

Mid to late ripening, vigources and highly productive. Well suited to pergola due to size of the vines and shading.

41
Q

Falanghina

A

Italy, Campania

Falanghina del Sannio DOC 84 hl/ha
Campi Flegrei; lower alcohol wines 12-13% max yield is 84hl/ha

Long considered as workhorse grape. But important as most wide grown grape in Campania and got rise in hospitality in 1980s.

Good resistance but can start to begin to shrivel at the end of season. Mid to late ripening. Med intense, apple and white peache, herbal (grass), med + acidity. Nearly all are unbaked.

42
Q

Greco

A

Italy, Campania
Greco di Tufo DOCG

Challenging grape to grow, prone to grey rot and both mildews, low vigor and productivity. Tolerate for heat and drought resistant.

Late ripening (oktober), deep lemon in color, high alcohol, with an oily texture, with floral, stone fruit and smoky notes.

Intrest in other countries due to drought and heat tolerance.

43
Q

Fiano

A

Italy, Campania
Fiano di Avellino DOCG

Potentially high-quality white wine.
Sensitive to both mildews but thick skin to not prone to botrytis. Very late harvesting (end October)

Med - intense floral, peach, hazelnut med + body, med + acidity and a waxy texture. Best can age for 8-10 years in bottle.

44
Q

Aglianico

A

Italy, Campania
Taurasi DOCG

Early budding and late ripening. Needs a long season for tannins to ripen. Vigorous and yield needs to be controlled. Picking in early November for fully ripe skins and pips.

Med to pronounced rose, red plum, blackberry, high acidity/tannin.

45
Q

Piedirosso

A

Italy, Campania
Campi Flegrei DOC
Vesuvio DOC

Old variety, probably from the Vesuvius area. Flourishes with heat and drought (only 600mm rainfall per year) Open bunches, tick-skin, many are still planted on own rootstocks (sandy soils)

Pale ruby wines, with fresh med + acidity, med tannin, red plum/cherry.

Early drinking, varietal wines or soften Aglianico-based wines adding perfume, and freshness.

Mostly local but volcanic wines are gaining interest

46
Q

Italica

A

Italy, Basilicata

Red mainly for local consumption.

47
Q

Primitivo

A

Italy, Puglia
Primitivo di Manduria DOC; min 85% Primitivo max yield is 63 hl/ha.
Gioia del Colle DOC; 50-60% primitivo, blended with Montpulcaino, Sangiovese and/or Negroamaro, up to 10 % Malvasia. Max 52 hl/ha.

High yielding, ripens early (august), early budding. Prone to drought and poor flowering and fruit in rainy and humid years. Variability in production level is a challenge in terms of cashflow. In Puglia the bunches are looser and smaller giving them more resistance than in California. Un even ripe in one bunch. Accumulates and tends to produce high alcoholic wines.

48
Q

Catarratto

A

Italy, Sicily

High yield, disease resistant. Light lemon and herbal notes, high acidity and med alcohol.

Inexpensive

49
Q

Grillo

A

Italy, Sicily

Natural cross between Catarrato and Moscato.
Moderatly high yielding, heat + disease resistant. Care has to be taken with over exposure, this can lead to loss of aroma’s. Must oxidizes quickly.

Full bodied, med intense lemon and floral, med alcohol and high acidity.

Marco de Bartoli produces a oaked one which is premium priced.

50
Q

Inzolia

A

Italy, Sicily

Also known as Ansonica. Early ripening with drought resistance. Needs to be picked early to retain acidity.

Med intense lemon fruit, med acidity and med body. Usefull blending partner with the higher acidity of Catarratto or Grillo.

51
Q

Moscato

A

Italy, Pantelleria (island close to Tunisia)

Muscat of Alexandria, locally known as Zibibbo.

Heat and drought resistant. 3 Styles:

  • Dry in RVS, released early to retain moscato character
  • Late Harvest; picked a week later then for dry. Fermi being stopped to retain sugar for a sweet style.
  • Passito; semi dried grapes, sun dried, with high level of residual sugar.

The challenge is to balance sweetness with sufficient acidity. Some pick early and then dry it.

52
Q

Nero d’Avola

A

Italy, Sicily

Also know as Calabrese. Most planted black variety.
Late ripening, grows close to the ground to retain extra heat. Well adopted to also damp environments. Very vigorous, needs canopy management. Can suffer from uneven flowering.

Med to deep ruby velour, with red and black plum, med + to high tannin and med + acidity. At moderate yield it can produce outstanding wines, which are concentrated and aged in small oak barrels.

Much is made as varietal wine. It is an option is many DOC’s.

In Cerasualo di Vittiria DOCG it is blended with Frappato which adds strawberry and herbal aroma’s to the blend.

53
Q

Frappato

A

Italy, Sicily

In Cerasualo di Vittiria DOCG it is blended with Frappato which adds strawberry and herbal aroma’s to the blend.

54
Q

Nerello Mascalese

A

Italy, Sicily

Etna Rosso DOC
80% Nerello Mascalese, rest is Nerello Cappuccio (provides berry fruit and colour)

Grown for high volume wine. And on the Etna.

Buts early, yield can vary due to coulure, late ripening. At high altitude on Etna (400-1000m) it has a very long ripening period adding to intensity of flavors. Care has to be taken with deleaving due to sunburn.

Med- high tannin (real short period on skins 10-15 days), med to pale ruby color, high intensity aroma’s of red cherry and violet with herbal earth notes, high acidity.

55
Q

Carricante

A

Italy, Sicily
Etna Bianco DOC; main part of the blend.

Prone to common fungal diseases. Grows at high altitudes (1000m) where red fails to ripen. High diurnal range provides high acidity. Malo, oak. Med intense lemon, green apple, high acidity and med alcohol.

Much lower volumes then red

56
Q

Cannonau

A

Italy, Sardinia
Cannonau di Sardinia

Dry and sweet fortified wines are made and sold locally.

57
Q

Carignano

A

Italy, Sardinia

Red grape same as Carignan

58
Q

Monica Nera

A

Italy, Sardinia

Red

59
Q

Nuragus

A

Italy, Sardinia

White

60
Q

Baco Noir

A

Dark-skinned French Hybrid that faring better across the ocean than at home.

Crossing of Vitis vinifera Folle Blanche en de Vitis riparia Grand Glabre.

Most widely planted in Ontario now

Grape Varieties (2 decks)

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